Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan最新文献

{"title":"Status Vaksinasi BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) dan Angka Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada Anak di Indonesia","authors":"Isti Anindya, Tia Wida Ekaputri","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang merupakan satu dari sepuluh penyebab kematian di dunia. TB yang paling banyak diderita di dunia adalah TB paru. Anak-anak masuk ke dalam sub-populasi yang terdampak dari infeksi bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis ini. Salah satu pencegahan TB yang dapat dilakukan sejak anak usia 0 adalah vaksin BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) yang diberikan saat anak berusia 0-2 bulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status vaksinasi BCG dengan angka kejadian TB Paru pada anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur yang melibatkan pencarian sistematik yang dilakukan pada April 2022. Kriteria sampel yang dipilih pada penelitan ini, yaitu anak berusia 0-17 tahun yang terbagi menjadi kelompok TB paru dan non-TB paru serta diketahui status vaksinasinya, yaitu telah vaksin atau tidak vaksin. Seleksi artikel studi dilakukan berdasarkan PRISMA statement. Sebanyak 10 artikel studi dari daerah yang berbeda-beda dengan jumlah sampel paling sedikit 30 dan yang terbanyak 143 dinilai secara kritis. Desain penelitian analitik observasional case-control dan uji bivariat chi-square adalah yang paling banyak digunakan. Dengan menggunakan uji bivariat, terdapat 7 artikel yang menyatakan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian vaksin BCG dengan kejadian TB paru anak, sedangkan 3 artikel lainnya bertolak belakang dengan hasil tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil literature review yang dilakukan, maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian vaksin BCG dengan kejadian TB paru anak di Indonesia. \u0000Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis, Anak, Vaksinasi, BCG. \u0000Abstract \u0000Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is one of the world’s top ten causes of death. The most common TB in the world is pulmonary TB. Children fall into the sub-population affected by this Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial infection. One of the TB prevention measures that can be done for children aged 0 is the BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine which is given when children are 0-2 months old. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BCG vaccination status and the incidence of pulmonary TB in children in Indonesia. This study uses a literature study method that involves a systematic search conducted in April 2022. The criteria for the sample selected in this research were children aged 0-17 years who were divided into pulmonary TB and non-pulmonary TB groups, and their vaccination status was known, namely whether they had been vaccinated or not vaccinated. The selection of study articles was carried out based on the PRISMA statement. A total of 11 study articles from different regions with a minimum sample size of 30 and a maximum of 400 were critically assessed. The case-control observational analytical research design and the bivariate chi-square test were the most widely used. Eight articles stated a significant relationship between the administration of the B","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116827880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluasi Faktor-faktor Pengelolaan Vaksin di Puskesmas dan Praktek Mandiri Bidan di Kabupaten Lampung Timur","authors":"Noviani Noviani, Dian Purwantini, Yuyun Yuniar","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5643","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dasar pemerintah dan swasta memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga mutu vaksin sebelum diberikan kepada sasaran imunisasi. Vaksin yang berkualitas menentukan keberhasilan program imunisasi. Dalam penelitian ini evaluasi dilakukan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas vaksin di Puskesmas dan Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB) di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan populasi berupa instansi atau fasilitas pengelola vaksin imunisasi dasar, sedangkan sampel meliputi 10 Puskesmas dan 30 PMB yang dipilih secara purposif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner mandiri, wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap 16 orang pengelola vaksin puskesmas dan PMB yang dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan kesediaan mereka menjadi informan. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan secara deskriptif sedangkan data kualitatif diolah dengan metode konten analisis. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan focus group discussion (FGD) terhadap 20 orang informan secara purposif. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2020 di 10 kecamatan di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, seluruh vaksin memiliki mutu yang baik di 10 puskesmas dan 20 Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB). Akan tetapi tingkat pengetahuan, sarana prasarana penyimpanan dan distribusi vaksin, SOP, proses pelatihan, sosialisasi, supervisi dan bimbingan teknis belum optimal khususnya di PMB. Secara umum kualitas vaksin masih memenuhi syarat namun pengetahuan pengelola vaksin, penyediaan dan kepatuhan SOP perlu ditingkatkan baik di puskesmas maupun di PMB. Selain itu, perlu peningkatan ketersediaan sarana parasarana penyimpanan dan distribusi vaksin terutama di PMB. Peningkatan kapasitas pengelolaan vaksin perlu dilakukan melalui proses pelatihan, supervisi dan bimbingan teknis bekerjasama dengan organisasi profesi. \u0000Kata Kunci: Mutu Vaksin, Puskesmas, PMB, Lampung Timur \u0000Abstract \u0000Both public and private basic health care facilities play an important role in maintaining the quality of vaccines which determines the success of the immunization program. In this study, an evaluation was carried out on the factors influencing the quality of vaccines at the community health center (CHC) and the Independent Midwife Practice (IMP) in the East Lampung Regency. The research design was cross-sectional using the population of institutions or facilities managing basic immunization vaccines and purposively selected samples of 10 Puskesmas and 30 IMPs. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. Depth, interviews were conducted with 16 vaccine managers at the Puskesmas and IMPs who were also selected purposively. Quantitative data was processed descriptively while qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis method and finalized by a focus group discussion (FGD) for 20 purposively chosen informants. The study was conducted from A","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134461451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambaran Status Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Masyarakat di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta","authors":"Made Ayu Lely Suratri, Telly Purnamasari Agus, T. A. Jovina","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5676","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak      Status Kesehatan Gigi dan mulut merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang belum mendapat prioritas tinggi. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi mencapai 88,80% dan prevalensi periodontitis 74,10%. Provinsi DIY termasuk provinsi yang mempunyai proporsi yang bermasalah dengan gigi dan mulut nya di atas angka Nasional (65,60%) dan yang mendapatkan perawatan oleh tenaga medis gigi 16,40%. Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran status kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Provinsi DIY. Metode penelitian non intervensi dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional). Pengumpulan data kesehatan gigi dan mulut dilakukan di 5 kabupaten kota Provinsi DIY melalui Riskesdas 2018, dengan sampel penelitian adalah semua anggota rumah tangga di rumah tangga terpilih berusia ≥ 3 tahun ke atas. Pelaksanaan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner, dan pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut dengan menggunakan formulir dan alat sesuai dengan standar WHO. Hasil penelitian diketahui jumlah responden usia ≥ 3 tahun, sebanyak 10.897 orang terdiri dari responden laki laki 49,34 % dan perempuan 50,66%. Kabupaten Gunung Kidul yang bermasalah paling tinggi dengan gigi rusak/berlubang/sakit, dan yang bermasalah paling tinggi dengan kesehatan mulut dengan gusi bengkak dan/atau keluar bisul (abses) yaitu Kota Yogyakarta. Mengatasi masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling banyak dengan cara pengobatan/minum obat (35,43%), kemudian diikuti dengan konseling perawatan kebersihan dan kesehatan gigi & mulut (14,00%),  pencabutan gigi (8,63%), dan penumpatan/penambalan gigi (6,41%). Proporsi responden yang menyikat gigi setiap hari sebesar 65,59% dan waktu menyikat gigi yang benar sebesar 16,41%. Kesimpulan, proporsi tertinggi responden yang bermasalah dengan gigi rusak, berlubang ataupun sakit adalah kelompok usia 5-9 tahun,  sedangkan proporsi terendah kelompok usia 3-4 tahun. Tindakan yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan pengobatan/minum obat yang tertinggi di Kota Yogyakarta.  Kabupaten Gunung Kidul yang bermasalah dengan gigi dan mulut tertinggi, sedangkan Kabupaten Bantul yang menerima perawatan paling tinggi oleh tenaga medis gigi. Kata kunci: gambaran, status kesehatan gigi dan mulut, provinsi DIY","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133609228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faktor Risiko COVID-19 sebagai Dasar Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi","authors":"Fitriana Fitriana, Widianto Pancaharjono","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5738","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Melihat situasi di Indonesia saat ini, dimana kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 dan kematian terus bertambah maka menjadi penting menambah pengetahuan mengenai faktor risiko COVID-19 sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi agar tidak semakin bertambah dan meluas. Ada tiga faktor risiko utama yang harus diketahui dapat dinilai yaitu faktor virus itu sendiri, faktor host, dan faktor lingkungan. faktor virus terutama mengetahui bagaimana cara penularan dan pencegahannya. Untuk faktor host apa yang dapat mempengaruhi keparahan penyakit. Dan faktor lingkungan bagaimana yang membuat virus semakin menyebar luas dan hidup lebih lama. Diharapkan dengan bertambahnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai faktor risiko dari virus SARS CoV-2 maka angka kasus konfirmasi dan kematian dapat dikendalikan. Untuk memutus mata rantai penularan penyakit infeksi hanya melalui tindakkan pencegahan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan jika mengetahui ilmu yang mendasarinya. Untuk itu, tujuan tulisan ini untuk menambah wawasan faktor resiko COVID-19 sebagai dasar untuk pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi. \u0000  \u0000Kata kunci: Faktor resiko; COVID-19; Pencegahan infeksi; Pengendalian infeksi \u0000  \u0000  \u0000Abstract \u0000Seeing the current situation in Indonesia, where confirmed cases of COVID-19 and deaths continue to increase, it is important to increase knowledge about the risk factors for COVID-19 to prevent and control infection so that it does not increase and spread. We must know three main risk factors to assess: the virus itself, host factors, and environmental factors. First, viral factors, especially knowing how to transmit and prevent it. For what host factors can influence disease severity. And what environmental factors make the virus more widespread and live longer. It is hoped that increased knowledge and understanding of the risk factors of the SARS CoV-2 virus, can control the number of confirmed cases and deaths. Furthermore, to break the chain of transmission of infectious diseases only through preventive measures. Furthermore, can do this if you know the underlying science. The purpose of this paper is to add insight into the risk factors for COVID-19 as a basis for infection prevention and control. \u0000  \u0000Keywords: risk factors; COVID-19; infection prevention; infection control \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130727646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kepuasan Orangtua Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan di Bangsal Anak Sebagai Salah Satu Indikator Keberhasilan Pelayanan RSUP Sanglah di Denpasar","authors":"Leni Lukman, I. W. Gustawan, I. W. Dharma Artana, K. Ariawati","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5844","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Peningkatan permintaan pelayanan kesehatan di seluruh Indonesia menuntut rumah sakit pemerintah berbenah untuk mampu memberikan pelayanan terbaik pada masyarakat termasuk di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan orangtua pasien BPJS terhadap pelayanan di bangsal anak RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebar kuesioner dengan metode SERVQUAL. Model SERVQUAL yang digunakan terdiri dari lima dimensi yaitu: 1) Tangibles, 2) Reliability, 3) Responsiveness, 4) Assurance, dan 5) Empathy. Kuesioner telah melewati uji reliabilitas dan vailiditas. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel secara consecutive sampling yaitu salah satu orangtua dari seluruh pasien anak yang dirawat di Ruang Cempaka 3 pada bulan April sampai September 2020. Analisis gap dan kuadran menggunakan analisis Importance Performance Analysis dengan diagram Cartesian. Dari 151 sampel yang terkumpul, didapatkan perbandingan lelaki banding perempuan 1,25:1. Rata-rata usia pasien adalah 5,75 tahun dengan rata-rata lama perawatan 8,8 hari. Berdasarkan analisis Importance Performance, tidak ada satupun atribut dengan nilai kenyataan lebih tinggi daripada harapan. Dimensi SERVQUAL dengan jumlah gap tertinggi adalah Reliability/keandalan. Pada analisis kuadran didapatkan bahwa seluruh dimensi kecuali dimensi tangibles (nyata) perlu meningkatkan performa. Secara umum, orangtua pasien belum puas terhadap pelayanan di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar khususnya di bangsal Cempaka 3. \u0000Kata kunci: kepuasan pasien, pelayanan rumah sakit, pediatri, SERVQUAL \u0000Abstract \u0000Increasing demand of health care in Indonesia require government hospital to compete in giving the best care. The objective of this study is to determine satisfaction level of BPJS patient parents in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar. This is an analytical descriptive study using valid and reliable SERVQUAL questionnaire to collect samples. SERVQUAL model consists of 5 dimensions: 1) tangibles, 2) reliability, 3) responsiveness, 4) assurance, and 5) empathy. The questionnaire passed reliability and validity test. Samples were parents of all children admitted to Cempaka 3 Ward from April to September 2020 and were taken consecutively. Gap and quadrant analysis using Importance Performance Analysis and Cartesian Diagram were done. From 151 collected samples, the ratio of boys and girls were 1.25:1. Mean age of samples was 5.75 years old and mean hospital stay was 8.8 days. Based on Importance Performance Analysis, all of the reality value fell below expectation value. SERVQUAL dimension with the highest gap was reliability. In quadrant analysis, all of the dimensions except tangible need improvement. In general, parents of patients was not satisfied with health care in Cempaka 3 ward, Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar. \u0000Keywords: patient satisfaction, hospital care, paediatrics, SERVQUAL","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122217445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hubungan Antara TG/HDL-C dengan Kontrol Glikemik pada Pasien Diabetes di Puskesmas Lebdosari Kota Semarang","authors":"Cynthia Tjitradinata, P. Sebong","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v5i2.5333","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Prevalensi diabetes melitus meningkat setiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Kontrol glikemik merupakan hal penting dalam pengelolaan pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) karena mengurangi risiko komplikasi. Pemeriksaan Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1C) sebagai gold standard kontrol glikemik dengan target pencapaian HbA1C <7%. Petanda lain faktor risiko terhadap penyakit kardiovaskuler pada pasien DM tipe 2 adalah dislipidemia. Rasio trigliserid terhadap high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) diketahui sebagai indeks atherogenic plasma, yang merupakan faktor risiko utama pada penyakit kardiovaskuler dan sindrom metabolik. Tujuan penelitian ingin mengetahui hubungan antara TG/HDL-C dengan kontrol glikemik pada pasien DM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan selama 3 bulan (September – November 2020). Subjek penelitian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kadar HbA1c menjadi 2 grup: 40 pasien DM tipe 2 HbA1c <7% dan 40 pasien DM tipe 2 HbA1c ≥7 %. Analisis statistik menggunakan Mann Whitney dengan signifikansi p ≤ 0,05. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan rasio TG/HDL-C pada kelompok Hb1c < 7% dan kelompok HbA1 c≥ 7% (p=<0,011). Rasio TG/HDL-C pasien DM tipe 2 HbA1c ≥ 7% lebih rendah signifikan dibandingkan DM tipe 2 HbA1c<7 % membuktikan bahwa rasio TG/HDL-C dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pemeriksaan status pengendalian glukosa darah pada pasien DM tipe 2. \u0000Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-performance liquid chromatograph. \u0000Abstract \u0000The prevalence of diabetes is increasing every year all over the world. Glycemic control is important to managing patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) because it could decrease complication risk. Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1C) examination is a gold standard for studying glycemic control with its target of less than 7%. the other risk factor sign of cardiovascular disease in a patient with type 2 DM is dyslipidemia. Trygliserida/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is known as atherogenic plasma index and is a primary risk factor in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in 3 months (September – November 2020). The sample size in this study was 80 patients. They were divided into 2 groups, involving 40 patients with type 2 DM HbA1c <7% and 40 patients with type 2 DM HbA1c ≥7% at Diabetic Clinic, Semarang. TG and HDL-C levels between groups were analyzed using Mann Whitney, p<0.05 were considered significant. There are significant differences in levels of TG/HDL-C ratio between the 2 groups (p =0.001). TG/HDL-C ratio levels were higher in group hbA1c > 7% compared to group HbA1c < 7% can be used as glycemic control in type 2 DM. \u0000Keyword: diabetes melitus, glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-performance liquid chromatograph.","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121863713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kajian Distribusi, Keamanan Dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Obat Bebas Dan Bebas Terbatas","authors":"Ajeng Ilastria Rosalina","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v0i0.5272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v0i0.5272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Obat bebas dan bebas terbatas adalah salah satu bagian penting dari swamedikasi yang seharusnya mudah diakses masyarakat dan terjangkau. Peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada saat ini membatasi pelayanan obat bebas dan bebas terbatas hanya dapat dilakukan di sarana dengan izin dan dengan penanggung jawab tenaga kefarmasian. Namun karena jumlah pasien dan fasilitas yang ada tidak sebanding sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya penjualan obat di sarana tanpa kewenangan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memberikan rekomendasi kepada pemerintah dalam hal ini Kementerian Kesehatan dan BPOM untuk melakukan deregulasi obat bebas dan obat bebas terbatas untuk dapat dijual di sarana non farmasi dengan beberapa pembatasan. Kajian dilakukan dengan melakukan pengumpulan data hasil pengawasan oleh Balai Besar Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BBPOM di Jakarta) serta peninjauan pustaka terkait distribusi dan pelayanan obat bebas dan bebas terbatas juga terkait penerapan peraturan terkait di beberapa negara. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dan sebaran fasilitas yang ada di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tidak sebanding dengan kebutuhan masyarakat yang menyebabkan berbagai pelanggaran di sepanjang jalur distribusi obat hingga pelayanan kefarmasian. Untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut di atas hendaknya dibuat peraturan yang melegalkan penjualan obat bebas dan bebas terbatas di sarana retail non farmasi seperti yang telah diterapkan di beberapa negara. \u0000Kata kunci : Obat, bebas, terbatas, farmasi, swamedikasi, deregulasi \u0000Abstract \u0000Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is an economical choice of treatment for common self-limiting illnesses. It should be accessible and affordable. Indonesian regulation sets OTC drug that must be sold in a pharmacy stores under a pharmacist supervision. However, lack of pharmacy store lead to any violation at drug distribution. We identified all findings in OTC drug surveillance by BPOM Provincial Office in Jakarta and discussed the potential scientific source related to OTC drug distribution and its regulation in some countries. Current review objective is to give recommendations to the Indonesian FDA and Indonesia Ministry of Health to deregulate OTC drugs to improve public pharmaceutical services and also decrease drug diversion along drug distribution chains. Our study results showed that the number of legal pharmacies and its distribution are not enough to fulfill the people’s needs, which leads to some drug diversion cases along drug distribution chains. In order to solve this problem, the regulators should deregulate OTC drugs so they can be legally sold on non-pharmacy outlets without pharmacist supervision as applied in some countries. \u0000Keywords: drug, deregulation, self-medication, OTC","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125304757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-Factor for COVID-19 Patients with Ventilator Status at Sanglah Hospital: Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Putu Sudarmika, I. Wardana, I. K. Surya Negara, Ni Luh Putu Nurhaeni, Ni Made Aries Minarti, I. W. Santyasa","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v0i0.5626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v0i0.5626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Corona Virus Disease 19 is a contagious infectious disease that has a major impact on all aspects of life. This study explores the factors associated with the need for ventilators use in COVID-19 patients. This cross-sectional study uses secondary data from medical records, taken by total sampling technique, of patients treated at Sanglah Hospital from March 2020 to August 2020. Only complete and clear medical record of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed using chi-square and stepwise logistic regression with SPSS for windows 25 software. This study had received ethical approval from the Udayana University independent ethics commission with the number 1839/UN 14.2.2.VII/LT/2020. Patients with aged ≥ 50 years (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.45—5.54)), BMI > 25 kg/m2 (OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.57—13.03), alcohol consumption history (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.35—10.81), hemoglobin level <10 g/dl (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.74—9.15), or WBC ≥ 12.000 (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.05—5.12), were at higher risk to use ventilator. Gender, smoking history, employment history, length of stay, having comorbidity had no significant difference in the need for a ventilator. The most dominant risk factor causing worsening outcomes of COVID-19 was BMI > 25 kg/m2. \u0000Keywords: risk factor, ventilator status, COVID-19, body mass index \u0000  \u0000Abstrak \u0000Corona Virus Disease 19 merupakan penyakit menular yang berdampak besar pada semua aspek kehidupan. Studi ini mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan penggunaan ventilator pada pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan melakukan eksplorasi rekam medis pasien yang dirawat mulai bulan Maret 2020 sampai Agustus 2020 di RSUP Sanglah. Kriteria rekam medis yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah rekam medis yang lengkap dan jelas dari pasien terdiagnosis COVID-19. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitik menggunakan uji chi-square, dan regresi logistik bertahap dengan software SPSS dari windows versi 25. Penelitian ini telah mendapatkan persetujuan etik dari komisi etik independen Universitas Udayana nomor 1839/UN 14.2.2.VII/LT/2020. Total sebanyak 331 rekam medis yang dianalisis. Pasien berumur ≥ 50 tahun (OR 2,8; 95%CI 1.45-5.54), indeks massa tubuh > 25 kg/m2 (OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.57—13.03), riwayat konsumsi alkohol (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.35—10.81), kadar hemoglobin <10 g/dl (OR 3.8; 95% CI 1.74—9.15), jumlah lekosit ≥ 12.000 (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.05—5.12), mempunyai risiko lebih besar untuk menggunakan ventilator selama perawatan. Jenis kelamin, riwayat merokok, riwayat pekerja migran, lama perawatan di rumah sakit, dan komorbiditas tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan penggunaan ventilator. Indeks massa tubuh >25 kg/m2 merupakan faktor risiko paling dominan terhadap perburukan pasien COVID-19 yang dinilai dari penggunaan ventilator selama dirawat di rumah sakit Kata kunci: indeks massa tubuh, penggunaan ventilator, fakto","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123026295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Nursing Assessment for Peritoneal Dialysis Users During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Systematic Review","authors":"Syaifoel Hardy, Ridha Afzal, I. J. H. Tukayo","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v5i1.5351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v5i1.5351","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Chronic Kidney Disease nursing has become one of the centers of attention because of professional concerns about all the possibilities that occur in the handling of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) users in health care centers in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. To maximize the achievement of the quality goals of nursing services, an updated nursing assessment system of PD users is needed during the pandemic. To identify changes in nursing assessment that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic for PD users and offer a solution by creating a remote nursing assessment system. The study used an article review and PRISMA analysis. The initial 842 documents were drawn from the search engine of which 169 records extracted from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, SagePub, and Semantic Scholar. The search keywords were nursing assessment, PD users, and Covid-19. The indicators include respondents (PD users), research methods (quantitative, document review), years of publication (2020-2021), results (focus on nursing assessment during the Covid-19 pandemic), and languages (English and Indonesia). The document search used the PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time). The PRISMA analysis finds remote nursing assessment during pandemic in handling PD users can be done in various health care services that have CAPD units. Yet it requires training and orientation programs. The challenges are the need for funds, time, and the readiness of human resources in which they were not mentioned in the previous researchers’ findings. Tele-PD-nursing, home delivery service, PD nursing triage, and a PD nursing dashboard are the combination of remote PD nursing management as an alternative solutions in PD users assessment during the Covid-19 pandemic era. \u0000Keywords: Remote Nursing Assessment, PD Users, Covid-19 \u0000Abstrak \u0000Keperawatan Penyakit Ginjal Kronik menjadi salah satu pusat perhatian karena kepedulian profesional terhadap segala kemungkinan yang terjadi dalam penanganan pengguna Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) di Puskesmas di era pandemi Covid-19. Untuk memaksimalkan pencapaian sasaran mutu pelayanan keperawatan, diperlukan sistem pengkajian keperawatan pengguna PD yang terupdate di masa pandemi. Untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan asesmen keperawatan yang terjadi selama pandemi Covid-19 bagi pengguna PD dan menawarkan solusi dengan membuat sistem asesmen keperawatan jarak jauh. Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan artikel dengan analisis PRISMA. 842 dokumen awal diambil dari mesin pencari yang 169 catatannya diambil dari Google Scholar, ResearchGate, SagePub, dan Semantic Scholar. Kata kunci pencarian adalah penilaian keperawatan, pengguna PD, dan Covid-19. Kriteria inklusi adalah pengguna PD selama pandemi, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien CKD tetapi bukan pengguna PD dan pengguna PD sebelum pandemi), metode penelitian (kuantitatif, tinjauan dokumen), tahun publikasi (2020-2021), hasil (fokus pengkajian keperawatan selama pandemi Covid-19), dan bahasa ","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126330125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hubungan Prematuritas dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Derajat Gangguan Pendengaran pada Anak","authors":"M. ., Dwi Marliyawati, P. Handayani","doi":"10.22435/jpppk.v0i0.4784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v0i0.4784","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Latar Belakang: Gangguan pendengaran sering ditemukan pada anak - anak yang lahir prematur dan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR). Kejadian gangguan pendengaran pada anak di Indonesia dengan prematur dan BBLR adalah 19,3% dan 36,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara prematuritas dan BBLR dengan derajat kurang dengar pada anak. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan data rekam medik anak dengan kurang dengar di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang tahun 2019 – 2020. Diagnosis gangguan dengar berdasarkan hasil BERA variabel yang diteliti derajat gangguan pendengaran, prematuritas, BBLR. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi. Hasil: Subjek penelitian sebanyak 466 anak. Jenis kelamin didominasi oleh laki – laki 237 (50,9%) dan subyek yang berusia kurang dari 5 tahun sebanyak 406 (87,1%). Faktor risiko kelahiran prematur 23 (4,9%), BBLR 33 (7,1%), prematur disertai BBLR sebanyak 18 (3,9%). Gangguan pendengaran derajat ringan – sedang 111 (23,8%), gangguan pendengaran derajat berat – sangat berat 355(76,2%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara prematuritas dengan derajat kurang dengar (p = 0,059). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara BBLR dengan derajat kurang dengar (p = 0,158). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara prematuritas dan berat badan lahir rendah dengan derajat kurang dengar (p= 0,046). Kesimpulan:Terdapat hubungan antara prematuritas dan berat badan lahir rendah dengan derajat kurang dengar. \u0000Kata Kunci: Gangguan Pendengaran, Prematuritas, Berat Badan Lahir Rendah \u0000Abstrac \u0000Background: Hearing loss is often found in children born prematurely and with low birth weight (LBW). The incidence of hearing loss in children in Indonesia with preterm and LBW was 19.3% and 36.1%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between prematurity and LBW with the degree of hearing loss in children. Methods: A descriptive analytic study using medical record data of children with hearing impairment at Dr. Kariadi Semarang in 2019 - 2020. Diagnostic hearing loss is based on BERA. The variables studied were the degree of hearing loss, prematurity, LBW. Data analysis was performed by using correlation test. Result : The subjects were 466 children, 237 men (50.9%) and less than 5 years old 406 (87.1%).Risk factors for preterm birth were 23 (4.9%), LBW 33 (7.1%), premature accompanied by LBW was 18 (3.9%). Mild to moderate degree of hearing loss were 111 (23.8%),hearing loss with a degree of severity - very severe 355 ( 76.2%). There was no relationship between prematurity and degree of hearing loss (p = 0.059). There was no relationship between LBW and the degree of hearing loss (p = 0.158). There was a significant relationship between prematurity and low birth weight and the degree of hearing loss (p = 0.046). Conclusion: There is a relationship between prematurity and low birth weight and the degree of hearing loss. \u0000Keyword: Hearing Loss, Premature, Low Birth Weight","PeriodicalId":170797,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121469831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}