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Temperature Optimization and Addition of Aloe Vera Gel as Antibacteria In Coconut Oil-Based Liquid Soap 椰油基液体皂中芦荟凝胶抗菌作用的温度优化及添加
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12655
A. Rahman, V. Paramita
{"title":"Temperature Optimization and Addition of Aloe Vera Gel as Antibacteria In Coconut Oil-Based Liquid Soap","authors":"A. Rahman, V. Paramita","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12655","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the optimization of the ratio of coconut oil to KOH and temperature in the manufacture of liquid soap. In this study, the saponification reaction was used by reacting coconut oil with a strong base of KOH. The mole ratio between coconut oil and KOH used is 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. The temperature used 3 points, there are 30oC, 40oC, and 50oC. Parameters observed were free fatty acid, pH, free alkali content, unsaponication fat content, density, and viscosity. The best results in the physiochemical test were running 4 (KOH ratio 5 and temperature 50oC) with pH 8, free alkali content of 0%, unsaponication fat content of 0.00175%, density 1.02 g/ml, viscosity 715.87 cP, and 1% free fatty acids. The critical value for the optimization of the liquid bath soap formula on the level of unsaponification fat based on RSM data is achieved at a KOH ratio of 4.28758 with a temperature of 62.40793oC.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132352344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quality Analysis of Liquid Soap Formulation Made from Virgin Coconut Oil with Addition of White Tea Extract 添加白茶提取物的初榨椰子油液体皂配方的质量分析
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12651
Anna Amelia Meizalin, V. Paramita
{"title":"Quality Analysis of Liquid Soap Formulation Made from Virgin Coconut Oil with Addition of White Tea Extract","authors":"Anna Amelia Meizalin, V. Paramita","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12651","url":null,"abstract":"The production of bath soap based on natural ingredients is still rarely found in the market. Many in circulation still use synthetic materials as active ingredients. In this soap-making formulation using natural antioxidants in the form of white tea extract, anti-oxidants from plant extracts are usually added as additives (1-8% of the final soap composition). The research method used is a response surface methodology with a Central Composite Design (CCD) design. The resulting liquid soap product will be analyzed including physicochemical tests and organoleptic tests. Soap with the most appropriate quality according to SNI fell on the 4th variable, with the addition of KOH of 67 grams and a reaction time of 35 minutes. Variable soap 4 has a pH of 10, a free alkali content of 0.0541%, and an unsaponifiable fat content of 0.37%.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125812862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Biosorbent from Chicken’s Egg Shell and Durian Peel towards the Quality of Biodiesel Product from Waste Cooking Oil 鸡蛋壳和榴莲皮生物吸附剂对废食用油生物柴油产品质量的影响
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12620
Dwi Kristanto, I. Pudjihastuti, R. Amalia
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Biosorbent from Chicken’s Egg Shell and Durian Peel towards the Quality of Biodiesel Product from Waste Cooking Oil","authors":"Dwi Kristanto, I. Pudjihastuti, R. Amalia","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12620","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil  with 85 - 90% of the world's total palm oil production. The consumption of palm oil in Indonesia  is increasing every year, thus the waste are also  increase. Waste cooking oil contains carcinogenic substances which causes various diseases. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly substitute fuel for diesel made from vegetable oil as raw material. Used cooking oil can be used as raw material for biodiesel production, but it needs to be purified before further processing. Chicken egg shell contains 90% of CaCO3 can be used as a biosorbent of used cooking oil. Durian skin contains 50% - 60% of cellulose also has the potential as a biosorbent. This research was conducted to investigated the effectiveness of the combination of chicken egg shell biosorbent with durian skin for the purification process of used cooking oil as a raw material of biodiesel. Biosorbent was produced by carbonization process in a furnace at a temperature of 550oC for durian skin and 9000C for chicken egg shells. The results show that the acid number of used cooking oil has met the parameters of the SNI 3741: 2013, namely 0.43 mgKOH / gr and FFA levels of 0.0024% with a yield of 62.76%. The purified cooking oil was then continued with the transesterification process to produced biodiesel. The biodiesel obtained had the cetane numbers B100 of 33.8 and B30 of 45.2.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130390659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Optimization of clove flower oil extraction (Syzgium aromaticum L.) With Factorial Design Method 丁香花油提取工艺的优化用析因设计方法
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12182
Muhammad Asror Muwaffaq, E. Supriyo
{"title":"Optimization of clove flower oil extraction (Syzgium aromaticum L.) With Factorial Design Method","authors":"Muhammad Asror Muwaffaq, E. Supriyo","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i2.12182","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-liquid extraction or commonly called leaching is the removal of the solute fraction (solute) from a solid to a liquid solvent. This extraction has become a widespread oil extraction process due to the high percentage of oil produced. Soxhletation method is an extraction method that contacts a solid and a liquid by dissolving it in the liquid phase at reflux. Clove oil is an essential oil that can be produced from distillation method on parts of the clove plant, especially the leaves and flowers of cloves. All parts of the clove plant contain oil, but the flowers contain the most oil. Because the leaves and twigs of cloves also produce oil, they also become a side income for clove farmers who harvest clove flowers for cigarettes. One of the most important ingredients in clove oil is eugenol, eugenol has many benefits from antiseptic to stimulant. Isopropyl alcohol is a unwell-known solvent specially to essential oil solvent, isopropyl alcohol is a solvent that can be recovered back into a solvent form usually using distillation method. The selection of isopropyl alcohol as a solvent is based on its high boiling point compared to other solvents and has elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can dissolve polar molecules and their alkyl groups. ","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128662784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Effect of HLB Surfactant Value on The Characteristics of Emulsion Biodiesel Palm Oil Using Homogenizer HLB表面活性剂对棕榈油乳化生物柴油特性的影响
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10914
Intan Ardina Damayani, V. Paramita, M. E. Yulianto
{"title":"The Effect of HLB Surfactant Value on The Characteristics of Emulsion Biodiesel Palm Oil Using Homogenizer","authors":"Intan Ardina Damayani, V. Paramita, M. E. Yulianto","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10914","url":null,"abstract":"The process of making water emulsion in palm oil biodiesel is assisted by using two types of surfactants with different HLB values, namely Tween 80 and Span 80. This study aims to determine the characteristics of palm oil biodiesel emulsion made using a homogenizer with different HLB values, surfactant composition and water content in each sample. Density, viscosity, stability and microscopy tests were carried out to determine the characteristics of palm oil biodiesel emulsion. The results were obtained in the form of the highest density and viscosity values found in samples with high HLB values, surfactant composition and water content, while for stability test results were found in samples with low HLB values, surfactant composition and low water content. This shows that the difference in the value of HLB used will affect the amount of surfactant composition and moisture content in the sample composition and will affect the density, viscosity and stability of the palm oil biodiesel emulsion formed.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126111729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Rotational Speed of Homogenization on Emulsion Results Obtained Using Soy Lecithin Emulsifier 匀浆转速对大豆卵磷脂乳化剂乳化效果的影响
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10916
Zahra Rahma Namira, V. Paramita, H. Kusumayanti
{"title":"The Effect of Rotational Speed of Homogenization on Emulsion Results Obtained Using Soy Lecithin Emulsifier","authors":"Zahra Rahma Namira, V. Paramita, H. Kusumayanti","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10916","url":null,"abstract":"Homogenization is the process of homogenizing particle size in an effort to maintain the stability of a mixture formed from 2 phases that cannot be fused or commonly called emulsions. This study aims to analyze the effect of homogenization speed and differences in solid concentration in homogenization process using homogenizer. The ingredients used are Virgin Coconut Oil as a solute, Aquadest as a solvent, and soy lecithin as an emulsifier. Several stages of analysis are density, viscosity, microscopic, and emulsion stability analysis. The results obtained from this study were optimum stirring speed of 22,000 rpm with optimum homogenization time of 4 minutes, solid concentration of 60% obtaining density of 0.78 gr/mL, viscosity of 5.86 cP, stability of 100%, and most stable microscope test. The results showed that the greater the stirring speed and time, the smaller the density and viscosity value produced and the greater the stability value obtained. The greater the concentration of solids, the greater the density, viscosity, and stability of the emulsion.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125032022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Surfactant, Time and Speed of Stirring in the Emulsification Process of Soybean Oil in Water 表面活性剂、搅拌时间和搅拌速度对大豆油水中乳化过程的影响
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10918
Shelvin Putri Hariyatno, V. Paramita, R. Amalia
{"title":"The Effect of Surfactant, Time and Speed of Stirring in the Emulsification Process of Soybean Oil in Water","authors":"Shelvin Putri Hariyatno, V. Paramita, R. Amalia","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10918","url":null,"abstract":"Homogenization is the process of uniform particle size in an effort to maintain the stability of a mixture which is formed from 2 incompatible phases or so-called emulsion.Emulsion is a complex system consisting of a liquid phase which is spread over another immiscible liquid phase which is usually through mechanical shear. All emulsions are thermodynamically unstable due to contact between oil and water molecules. However, emulsions can be stabilized rapidly in the presence of emulsifying or thickening agents such as Tween 20 and Tween 80. Apart from the addition of emulsion stabilizing surfactants, the speed of stirring also has an effect in stabilizing the emulsion. This research was conducted to determine the effect of stirring speed and addition of surfactants Tween 20 and Tween 80 on the stability of soybean oil emulsion. The results of density, viscosity, stability, and microscopic tests showed that the emulsion was treated with the addition of tween 80 with a stirring speed of 30.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"79 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131770074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Impact of Fintech on Student Lifestyle In Pekalongan City, Indonesia 金融科技对印尼贝加隆岸市学生生活方式的影响
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10917
D. Mahmudah, Muhammad Milzam
{"title":"Impact of Fintech on Student Lifestyle In Pekalongan City, Indonesia","authors":"D. Mahmudah, Muhammad Milzam","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10917","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to know the effect of fintech to students' lifestyle in Pekalongan City. The subjects of this study were 100 university students who were 18-22 years old. The data were collected using interview and questionnaire. The data analysis of this research using descriptive statistical analysis. The result of this research showed that the decision to take a lending online or not is influenced by several reasons. There were 47% of students use PTP Lending to fulfill their desires not their needs. Electronics are the items most bought from the loan money.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126240926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanical Properties of Commercial Recycled Polypropylene from Plastic Waste 从塑料废料中回收商业聚丙烯的机械性能
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10868
S. Handayani, Muhamad Fahrudin, W. Mangestiyono, Alaya Fadlu Hadi Muhamad
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Commercial Recycled Polypropylene from Plastic Waste","authors":"S. Handayani, Muhamad Fahrudin, W. Mangestiyono, Alaya Fadlu Hadi Muhamad","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10868","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia increasing the use of plastic will increase plastic waste because waste management in Indonesia is still poor. Plastics can be recycled and used to make plastic bags, toys and various household utensils, but their use is still very limited. This limitation is because the strength of recycled plastic is not as good as virgin plastic pellets, so the resulting product tends to be brittle. This study aims to determine the mechanical properties of plastics made from recycled polypropylene plastic. Five specimens are made according to the ASTM D 638 type II standard. The results show that yield strength is 16.357±2.65 MPa, elastic modulus 295,926 ± 41,97 MPa and ultimate tensile stress 19,701±1,261 MPa. The yield stress of recycled polypropylene has a lower value than the yield stress on recycled polypropylene studied by Abdelhaleem et.al or Barbosa et.al which is around 21 MPa[7][5]. This difference is possible due to the different quality of raw materials and processing.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129007456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Effect of Winglets on Improving Wind Turbine Performance 小翼对提高风力机性能的影响
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10906
S. Handayani
{"title":"Effect of Winglets on Improving Wind Turbine Performance","authors":"S. Handayani","doi":"10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v3i1.10906","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia, with the longest coastline in the world, has enormous potential to develop large-scale wind energy. In wind turbines, the formation of a wake behind the wind turbine can reduce efficiency. It is estimated that the formation of a vortex tip behind the wind turbine blade can be reduced by adding a winglet. The main function of winglets attached to the blade is to reduce the effect of the wingtip vortices which are generated due to 3D spanwise flow that occurs because of the pressure non- equalization between the upper and lower blade surfaces. This paper aims to summarize the results of research on the effect of adding winglets to wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":170738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127999675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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