Stamford Journal of Microbiology最新文献_第3页

Antibaterial activity of the extracts of pineapple and pomelo against five different pathogenic bacterial isolates 菠萝和柚子提取物对5种不同病原菌的抑菌活性

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57143

Atm Nahid Hasan, T. Saha, T. Ahmed

{"title":"Antibaterial activity of the extracts of pineapple and pomelo against five different pathogenic bacterial isolates","authors":"Atm Nahid Hasan, T. Saha, T. Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57143","url":null,"abstract":"To combat the infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, natural candidates are being studied to find out antibacterial activity against the drug-resistant microorganisms. Among the variety of natural candidates of plant origin, many fruits have been proved to have potent antibacterial activity. In the current study, we chose pineapple (Ananas comosus), and pomelo (Citrus maxima) to determine their efficacy against some clinical isolates. Fruit samples were subjected to prepare crude, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract to determine their antibacterial potency. Clinical isolates were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts against them. The isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. Out of twenty-eight antibiotics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to ten antibiotics and Salmonella spp. was resistant to nine antibiotics. Rather than the crude extracts of the fruits, ethanol and methanol extracts showed antibacterial activity towards multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous extract did not show any significant antibacterial activity at all. Extracts of pomelo fruit exhibited the highest results whereas pomelo skin and pineapple peel crude extracts were the least effective compared to the other extracts. Ethanol extract of pineapple fruit (against all isolates but Staphylococcus aureus) and methanol extract of pomelo fruit (against all isolates) showed the lowest MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of 187.5 μg/ml. MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) was found (within the range of 500 μg/ml to 1000 μg/ml) only with ethanol and methanol extracts of pomelo and pineapple. As the clinical isolates were found to be inhibited by the extracts, they can be used as an alternative for treating infections caused by these bacteria.\u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 1-6","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124201747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Microbiological surveillance of air and contact surface of pubic transports with its correlation to human infection risks 公共交通工具空气和接触表面微生物监测及其与人感染风险的相关性

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57144

Shah Murshid Uj Jaman Arowan, K. Das, F. Feroz

{"title":"Microbiological surveillance of air and contact surface of pubic transports with its correlation to human infection risks","authors":"Shah Murshid Uj Jaman Arowan, K. Das, F. Feroz","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57144","url":null,"abstract":"Over past few years, people are giving more attention to air pollution and its effects on human health. Due to the high population density in Bangladesh, air pollution is a major issue in metropolitan areas, especially in Dhaka city. Present study aims to isolate air-borne microbes from the inside environment of public transport and different types of microbes that are frequently encountered by commuters when they touch the interior surfaces of vehicles used for public transport in Dhaka City. Atmospheric load of microorganisms was measured with petri dish which was kept open for 30 minutes in the sampling locations and swabs were taken from interior surfaces of vehicles. Air samples collected from both bus and railway stations showed a high atmospheric microbial count (total viable bacteria and total fungal count were 140 to 776 CFU/plate/30 min and 27 to 168 CFU/plate/30 min, respectively). A similar outcome was found after analysis of swab samples of the contact surfaces of the vehicles as well. A total of four bacterial pathogens were identified from the interior surfaces of the vehicle including Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. which are known to be associated with gastrointestinal tract infection. To manage and control the environmental health risks caused by air pathogens, an authorized governmental agency should do continuous monitoring of air quality to reduce the negative effects and impacts of air pathogens on human and animal health. This research has shown a great concern to health practitioners in developing countries because these are pathogens that are mostly resistant to the commonly available antibiotics used in the treatment of infection associated with these pathogens. Most importantly, we need to raise awareness among the public in order to reduce the load and spread of pathogenic bacteria in the environment.\u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 7-10","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116213597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibiotic resistance profiling of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A in Dhaka, Bangladesh 孟加拉国达卡甲型血清型副伤寒沙门氏菌临床分离株的抗生素耐药性分析

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57146

M. Hossain, T. Jabin, Md Ifrat Hossain, Mst Arzina Khatun, Md Hossain Emam, M. Asaduzzaman, Md. Aftab Uddin

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance profiling of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Hossain, T. Jabin, Md Ifrat Hossain, Mst Arzina Khatun, Md Hossain Emam, M. Asaduzzaman, Md. Aftab Uddin","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57146","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to detect the antibiotic resistance profile of the clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A from 100 blood samples of patients from different age groups suspected to be suffering from enteric fever. The pure cultures of the bacterial isolates were collected from some renowned diagnostic centers of Dhaka and they were further characterized through the conventional culture, microscopy and biochemical examinations. These isolates were cross checked for the antibiogram profile by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against ten different types of antibiotics. Most of the isolates were found resistant against azithromycin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%) and ceftazidime (75%). However, isolates showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (95%), levofloxacin (97%), cotrimoxazole (96%) and chloramphenicol (95%). These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of the drug resistance pattern of S. enterica Serovar Paratyphi A for better public health management.\u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 14-16","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131459001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physicochemical and bacteriological screening of pathogenic microorganisms from aquarium water collected from katabon area in Dhaka city 达喀市katabon地区水族水中病原微生物的理化和细菌学筛选

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57148

J. Mawa, S. K. Munshi, A. N. Mou, I. Nur

{"title":"Physicochemical and bacteriological screening of pathogenic microorganisms from aquarium water collected from katabon area in Dhaka city","authors":"J. Mawa, S. K. Munshi, A. N. Mou, I. Nur","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57148","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the ornamental fish business has a high demand for its popularity as well as for its profitability. However, microbial contamination, nutrient depletion and accumulation of organic materials are the major factors in an aquafarming system which can cause death of aquatic animal and causes financial losses. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of fish aquarium water. Water of different time interval after treatment (7 days, 20 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days) were taken from the different aquariums. A set of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, transparency, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, conductivity were found within the approved standard concentration for fish. The present study also reveals the microbiological status of the aquaculture water where the total viable count ranging from 2.20×104 to 4.20×104 cfu/ml. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were present in all samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were also done to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of microbes isolated from aquarium water.\u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 20-23","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130772094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative study on the microbiological quality of vegetables collected from local markets and super shops of Dhaka city 达喀市市集蔬菜与超市蔬菜微生物品质比较研究

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57149

Mofijur Rahman Mamum, K. Das, M. Rana, Halimatus Sadia Tanim, F. Feroz

{"title":"Comparative study on the microbiological quality of vegetables collected from local markets and super shops of Dhaka city","authors":"Mofijur Rahman Mamum, K. Das, M. Rana, Halimatus Sadia Tanim, F. Feroz","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57149","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are major source of vitamins and fibers but presence of pathogens in salad vegetables can cause outbreak of diseases. Several studies have been conducted on commonly consumed vegetables so far to detect the level of microbial contamination. However, few of them compare the microbial quality of local and super shop vegetables. The present study was conducted for microbiological assessment and comparing four types of vegetables collected from two different market conditions. In this study, Green chili (Capsicum frutescens L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and Lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) were analyzed to determine Total Viable Bacterial (TVB) Counts, Total Fungal (TF) Counts, Total Coliform Counts (TCC), Total Fecal Coliform (TFC) Counts and occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Listeria spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Among these microorganisms, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were significantly present in coriander of both local market and super shop. All pathogenic bacteria and fungi were found in huge amounts in the vegetable samples of the local market. Although some pathogenic bacteria and fungi were also found in the same samples of the super shop, relatively lower than the local market’s vegetables. In conclusion, contamination in collected vegetable samples were not acceptable but comparatively higher load in local market samples indicated that the hygienic condition in these markets is not sufficiently maintained.\u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 24-27","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130016544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combined usage of rHVT-H5 and Re-6 vaccines towards an effective avian influenza vaccination program for commercial layer chickens rHVT-H5和Re-6疫苗联合应用于商业蛋鸡的有效禽流感疫苗接种计划

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-12-13 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50725

Md. Zulfekar Ali

{"title":"Combined usage of rHVT-H5 and Re-6 vaccines towards an effective avian influenza vaccination program for commercial layer chickens","authors":"Md. Zulfekar Ali","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50725","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 is one of the possible means to protect chickens against its outbreak in endemic countries. Early vaccination of layer birds with recombinant vector vaccine based on turkey herpesvirus expressing H5 gene (rHVT-H5) provides longer protection while inactivated vaccine Re-6 needs multiple booster doses to achieve continuous antibody titer. Therefore, this study was carried out to offer a vaccination program using live rHVT-H5 and inactivated Re-6 vaccines in field condition. For this trial, five ISA brown commercial layer chicken farms were raised with 500 birds per farm. Two licensed vaccines- rHVT-H5 and Re-6 in Bangladesh were used for this trial where birds in farms 1 and 2 were administered only rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old, and farms 3 and 4 rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old then boosted with Re-6 vaccine at 25 weeks of age. Farm 5 was not vaccinated and functioned as control. Blood samples were randomly collected from 20 birds in each farm at 3-week interval from 2 weeks old till 65 weeks and harvested serum analyzed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for antibodies against HPAIV H5N1. The titer of haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against AIV H5N1 on farms 3 and 4 was considerably high and remained up to 65 weeks. However, in farm 1 and 2 there was decline in antibody titer after 56 weeks of age. This study demonstrated that the combined use of rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old and Re-6 at 25 weeks of age enhanced a longer lasting protective antibody against circulating HPAIV H5N1 in commercial layer chickens in Bangladesh. \u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 9-11","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115709803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Isolation of Bacillus spp. from rhizosphere of garden soil: their potential role in amylase production and nitrogen cycle 从园林土壤根际分离芽孢杆菌及其在淀粉酶生产和氮循环中的潜在作用

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-12-13 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50726

T. Zerin

{"title":"Isolation of Bacillus spp. from rhizosphere of garden soil: their potential role in amylase production and nitrogen cycle","authors":"T. Zerin","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50726","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizobacteria influence plant growth by producing various substances like enzymes and play role in nitrogen cycle. Microbes are the most important sources of enzymes because of their stability and reduced price in production. In our present investigation, soil samples were collected from rhizosphere of garden soil and a total of eight isolates of Bacillus spp. were presumptively identified by morphological, cultural and biochemical analysis with the conventional technique. The isolates were named as A1, A3, A4, A5, B2, C1, D1 and D2. Amylase enzyme assay was performed by 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The highest enzyme activity was observed with the isolate A4 (2.71 U/ml) followed by isolates D2 (2.54 U/ml) and D1 (2.52 U/ml). The highest ammonification was found to be positive with the isolates A4 and B2 followed by isolate D1. Denitrification potential was found to be highest with isolates A4 and A5. No isolates were found to fix atmospheric nitrogen in Jensen’s media after two weeks of incubation. The isolates have a great potential of amylase production and they can be used in different industries as well as in starch rich waste degradation. Involvement of these bacteria in nitrogen cycle may help promote growth of plants. \u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 12-15","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124425972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ornaments of daily usage can be a source of microbial contamination and a causative agent of diseases 日常使用的装饰品可能是微生物污染的来源和疾病的病原体

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-12-13 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50724

T. Sultana, I. Nur

{"title":"Ornaments of daily usage can be a source of microbial contamination and a causative agent of diseases","authors":"T. Sultana, I. Nur","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50724","url":null,"abstract":"Hand hygiene is the most simple and effective way to prevent infection. Contaminated hand and related ornaments act as a vector of transmitting diseases. The main goal of this study was to find out whether personal accessories of different categories of working women are responsible for foodborne illness or contagious diseases. For this purpose, six categories of individuals were chosen, and five types of ornaments were taken from each individual. Total thirty swab samples were taken from the surface of bangles, nose pins, ear rings, finger rings and chains. Conventional culture techniques and biochemical tests were performed to determine the presence and identification of the pathogenic microorganisms. Total viable bacteria was present in all those samples but the presence of specific microorganisms were not found in all of those samples. Moderate growth of Staphylococcus spp. was found in finger rings and ear rings of the home makers and presence of Escherichia coli was detected in 16% of these samples as an indicator of fecal contamination. In the light of these results, it is essential to maintain proper hand hygiene and sanitation practice as some ornaments could be the significant source of pathogenic microorganisms. Food handlers and health care workers should abide by the rules and regulations of personal hygiene. \u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 5-8","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133576157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of a bacteriophage from urban sewage obtained with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus 用金黄色葡萄球菌从城市污水中获得的噬菌体的特性

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-12-13 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50728

Anderson Luis Pena da Costa, Antonio Carlos Freitas Souza, R. Resque

引用次数: 2

Application of microbiological assay to determine the potency of intravenous antibiotics 微生物测定法测定静脉注射抗生素效价的应用

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-12-13 DOI: 10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50729

S. Nahar, M. S. Khatun, M. Kabir

{"title":"Application of microbiological assay to determine the potency of intravenous antibiotics","authors":"S. Nahar, M. S. Khatun, M. Kabir","doi":"10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50729","url":null,"abstract":"Demonstration of equivalent amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredient is a basic requirement for intravenous generic drugs prior to administration. Physicochemical methods are often used to determine concentration of antibiotics in biological fluids. However, it does not permit direct quantification of potency of a desired antibiotic. This study demonstrates the application of a microbiological assay to determine the potency and concentration of commercially available pharmaceutical-grade antibiotics used for injections. Concentration-dependent variation of inhibitory effect of four commercial brands of cefuroxime and two of ciprofloxacin were observed against two reference bacteria (Escherichia coli DH5α and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739) on Mueller Hinton agar. Regression analysis was used to assess the in vitro equivalence of generic products sold by different retail companies in Dhaka city. A linear relationship was found between the concentration and response of the bacteria in regression analysis where anti-log of X-intercept and slope showed the concentration and potency, respectively. The study showed excellent results of linearity (r2≥0.89), precision (inter assay variation ≤10% for cefuroxime and ≤20% for ciprofloxacin), accuracy and specificity tests for both types of antibiotics. Pharmaceutical equivalence demonstrated by four cefuroxime and two ciprofloxacin samples showed no significantly distinguishable slopes (P > 0.78 and P > 0.44) and intercepts (P > 0.25 and P > 0.07), respectively. Estimated potency for cefuroxime was 91.1-100.0% and for ciprofloxacin was 68.1-100.0%. Microbiological assay was found to be convenient, rapid, cost-effective, precise and accurate in demonstrating pharmaceutical equivalence of antibiotics in different dosage forms. This technique can be used as an alternative method for testing generic antibiotics prior to their use in animal and human. \u0000Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 25-29","PeriodicalId":170445,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Microbiology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132369639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5