Journal of Vegetable Crop Production最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Application Methods for the Chemical Control of Striped Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Attacking Seedling Cucurbits","authors":"J. K. Mac Intyre Allen, C. Scott-dupree, J. Tolman, C. R. Harris","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bioassays of treated field-aged leaves were conducted in 1998 and 1999 to determine the efficacy of various chemicals for control of striped cucumber beetle (SCR), Acalymma vittatum. In 1998, imidacloprid (GAUCHO® 480F) as a seed treatment was evaluated on cucumber (Cucunus sativis), cv. Pioneer, and squash (Cucurbita maxima), cv. Mini Green Hubbard. Three rates, 1.0 mg, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg a.i./seed were evaluated for squash and one rate, 1.0 mg a.i./seed, for cucumber. Cucumber seeds treated with GAUCHO at rates higher than 1.0 mg a.i./seed did not germinate in this trial. All treatments protected growing cucumber and squash seedlings from SCB feeding. In 1999, the study was expanded to include foliar, seed, and planting water treatments. A single foliar application of endosulfan (THIODAN® 4EC), azinphosmethyl (SNIPER® 50WP), cypermethrin (RIPCORD® 400 EC) or imidacloprid (ADMIRE® 240F) applied to both cucumber cv. Calypso and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), cv. Howden, did not adequately protect rapidly growing seedlings from SCB. GAUCHO® 480F applied to cucumber, cv. Calypso, as a seed treatment at 0.75 mg and 1.0 nig a.i./seed effectively protected seedlings. Imidacloprid (ADMIRE® 240F) applied to squash transplants, cv. New England Blue Hubbard, in the starter solution at 15.0 and 25.0 ml/1000 plugs protected seedlings in the Held. Imidacloprid as both a seed and a planting water treatment provided systemic protection of developing cucurbits from adult SCB.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114074286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Plastic Mulch and Drip Irrigation Affect Growth and Performance of Bell Pepper","authors":"James E. Brown, Cynthia Channell-butcher","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_11","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bell peppers were grown in the field on bare soil and in black plastic mulch with and without drip irrigation. Black plastic mulch alone and black plastic mulch plus drip irrigation increased pepper yields by 18 MT and 16 MT per hectare (571% and 631%), respectively, over yields on bare soil. The study was conducted at Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville, DeKalb County, Alabama on a fine sandy loam soil.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130484298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density and Cutting Height Affect Production of Celosia (Celosia argentea L.) in the Humid Tropics","authors":"D. Ojo","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is the only region of the world where per capita food production has steadily declined over the past three decades. Field experiments were therefore curried out at Ibadan, Nigeria during the early (April-July) and late (August-November) rainy seasons of 1997 to determine the best density and culling height for concurrent seed and shoot (leaf + stem) yields of celosia in an attempt to increase income of resource-poor farmers, Cultivar TLV8 was planted at varied densities: 20,000; 40,000; 80,000; 444,444; 1000,000 plants/ha in factorial combination with cutting height: 0 (uncut); 5; 10; 15; 20 cm above ground level. Cutting treatments were imposed 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). An uncut plot served as check for seed yield. Cutting 15 cm × 40,000 plants/ha gave significantly highest seed + shoot economic returns of N502,340.00K/ha (US$25,117/ha) compared to all other treatment combinations. Seed and shoot cutting use efficiency (CUE) was best at 15 cm for 40,000 and 20,000 plants/ha, respectively. Density and cutting height enhanced dry matter partitioning into seed and shoot, respectively. It is concluded that concurrent shoot and seed production optimizes resource use efficiency better and give more economic returns than growing celosia solely either for shoot or seed. Seed production gives better economic returns than shoot production. Morphological characteristics such as number of leaf, number of branches (aerial apices) and CUE are indicators of yield in celosia. They are important for biomass partitioning and yield formation. The results indicate that cutting management increased productivity and has potential for mechanical harvesting of celosia in SSA.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124484517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide Use and IPM Practices for Processing Cucumbers","authors":"C. Beste, K. Everts, J. Linduska","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pesticide use and IPM practices for weed, insect, and disease management were surveyed on processing cucumber acreage in Maryland and Delaware in 1998. Survey respondents represented 3,978 acres or 85% of the total acres grown. Growers used deep plowing and scouting on 100% of the cucumber acreage surveyed. Ethalfluralin and clomazone herbicide tank-mix combination was used on 90% of the surveyed cucumber acreage. Cucumbers were cultivated once or twice on 61 and 35% of the acreage, respectively, and 4% of the acreage was not cultivated. The insect pests most commonly receiving insecticide treatment were seed corn maggot, aphids and cucumber beetles. Carbofuran was used on 5% of surveyed acreage for control of cucumber beetle. Seed treatment as a combination of thiram, chlorpyrifos and metalaxyl at < 0.01 lb ai total/A was applied to 100% of the cucumber seed. All planted cucumber cultivars, Atlantis, Excel, Lafayette, Vlaspik and Vlasspear, had host resistance to most foliar diseases and fungicides were not used in 1998 for foliar disease control. Soil fumigation was applied to 9% of the acreage. However, the fruit diseases belly rot, Pythium cottony leak and Phytophthora fruit rot caused the complete loss of 120 acres. Fungicides were applied to 61% of surveyed acreage to control belly rot. Excluding fumigation, average pesticide use was 2.71 lb ai/A for pickle production. Although pesticide use is minimized through use of cultural practices, host resistance, seed treatment and scouting, pesticides were vital for profitable pickle production in Maryland and Delaware.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116622078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perennial Arachis spp. as a Multipurpose Living Mulch, Ground Cover and Forage","authors":"H. Bryan, A. Abdul-baki, J. Reeves, L. Carrera, W. Klassen, G. Zinati, Maharanie Codallo","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_12","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From 1997 to 1999, 16 cultivars/accessions of perennial forage Arachis sp. were evaluated at the Tropical Research and Education Center. IFAS, Homestead, FL. Evaluation focused on adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of south Florida and included criteria deemed desirable for a multipurpose cover crop that might be used as a living mulch in no-till vegetable production fields and orchards, forage for animal feeding, and ornamental ground cover along highway ramps and sidewalks. Four cultivars/accessions of Pinto's peanut, A. pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, plus IRFL 6968 grew well in the low-fertility calcareous soils with minimal fertilizer, minimal irrigation and no pesticide. They were compared with ‘Florigraze’ rhizoma peanut (A. glabrata Benth.) in all the evaluation criteria used. The stands had become well established 31 months after planting. Biomass yields for the selected accessions at 31 months ranged from 12.0 to 21.5 mt ha−1. Nitrogen content in the dry biomass of plant parts was: 1.8 to 2.2% in below ground growth; 1.4 to 2.1 % in stolons; 2.2 to 3.4% in green leaflets; and 2.1 to 2.4% in senescing leaves. Crude protein (CP) content of plant parts followed this pattern and was highest (17.6 to 22.8%) in green leaflets. Plant tissue carbon content did not vary much between plant fractions nor between accessions, ranging from 37.8% (senescing leaves of IRFL 7154) to 45.4% ('Florigraze' below ground growth). Hemicellulose content of green leaflets varied from 12.8% in ‘Amarillo’ to 27.2% in IRFL 6961. Hemicellulose in the stems and stolons ranged from 16.5% in IRFL 6968 to 25.8% in ‘Amarillo’. These plant tissue properties reflect favorable perennial Arachis characteristics for use as living mulches, forages, and ornamentals in south Florida. The wide differences in morphological and biochemical properties among accessions suggest that major genetic differences exist in the available germplasm, which should permit breeding and release of cultivars with many desirable characteristics.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127833970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Management of Major Pests of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)","authors":"P. Praveen, N. Dhandapani","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of different biocontrol agents against the major pests of okra, a leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, sweet potato whitefly, Bemesia tabaci and cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii as well as fruitboring insects, Helicoverpa armigera and Earias vitella in Coimbalore, Tamil Nadu, India. The results revealed that release/application of the predator, Chrysoperla carnea (25,000 larvae/ha/release) + Econeem 0.3% (0.5 l/ha) for three times at 15 days interval starting from 45 days after sowing was found to be effective in reducing the population of sucking pests as well as the fruit borers. The percent fruit damage by H. armigera (8.61%) and E. vitella (9.21 %) was also reduced. Fruit damage in untreated check was recorded as 22.56 and 22.6 percent, respectively. The fruit yield (10,326 kg/ha) and cost benefit ratio (CBR) (1:2.60) were also higher when C. carnea and Econeem 0.3% were combined, compared to either C. carnea (9643 kg fruit/ha and 1:2.39) or Econeem 0.3% (9533 kg fruit/ha and 1:2.44) alone.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"43 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116504752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Planting Pattern on Growth and Yield of Tomato-Cowpea Intercrops","authors":"O. Adeniyi, C. Omotunde","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Field studies were conducted in 1998 and 1999 at Ondo, Nigeria, to determine the effect of planting patterns on growth and yield of tomato-cowpea in intercropping. Planting pattern affected vegetative growth and yields of both tomatoes and cowpeas significantly. Growth and grim yields of cowpea were significantly depressed in all the crop combinations especially when paired rows of tomato were intercropped with a row of cowpeas (TC 2:1). Reducing the proportion of tomatoes in the cropping patterns improved performance of cowpea. Cowpea performed best when a row of tomato was alternated with paired rows of cowpea (TC 1:2). Growth and yield of tomato in the 2:1 planting pattern were greater than those in the 1:1 and 1:2 patterns. The yield advantage in terms of Relative Yield Total (RYT) ranged from 2.0–22.0% among the treatments. The highest RYT value of 1.22 was obtained when paired rows of tomato were intercropped with a row of cowpea.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130925907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetable Section: Annual Meeting Southern Region, American Society for Horticultural Science, January 29, 2001, Ft. Worth, TX","authors":"R. L. Parish","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n02_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115837182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothol as a Vine Desiccant of ‘Atlantic’ Potatoes","authors":"A. Pavlista","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n01_08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Desiccating potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) vines using herbicides is a common practice but current desiccants are not satisfactory. The objective of this study was to evaluate hydrothol, the mono-amine salt of endothall, as a vine desiccant on ‘Atlantic’ potato. Hydro-thol was applied at 0.56 to 1.68 Kg ai/ha, endothall at 1.12 Kg ai/ha and diquat at 0.28 Kg ai/ha. Split applications of hydrothol were compared to single doses. Subjective evaluations were made on regrowth and tuber skinning, and objective measurements of specific gravity and yield were measured. Trials were conducted from 1991 to 1995 at Scottsbluff, NE. The optimal rate of hydrothol was 1.12 Kg/ha for leaf desiccation but was no more effective than endothall or diquat at their standard rates. There was a linear dose response for stem desiccation, but the highest hydrothol rate, 1.68 Kg/ha, was less effective than endothall. None of the hydrothol rates improved tuber skinning over endothall or diquat. Regrowth after hydrothol treatment was similar to the check and diquat, but endothall stimulated regrowth more than other treatments. Rates of hydrothol below 1.68 Kg/ha, endothall and diquat did not adversely affect specific gravity of harvested tubers, and there was no significant effect on yields. Split applications of hydrothol resulted in slower leaf desiccation than single applications, and stem desiccation was greater with a single application of hydrothol than with split applications. The addition of ammonium sulfate, 11.2 Kg/ha, to hydrothol at 1.12 to 1.68 Kg/ha increased stem desiccation but also increased regrowth. Although hydrothol may be used as a vine desiccant, the addition of ammonium sulfate may be needed to achieve a level of commercially acceptable activity.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129889700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Some Quality and Quantity Factors of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Responce to Sowing Dates Under Plastic Tunnels","authors":"G. Peyvast","doi":"10.1300/J068v07n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two sowing dates (26 Sept. and 16 Oct.) were evaluated for yield and some morphological and quality factors of two hybrid tomato cultivars ('E 338' and ‘GC 774’) under plastic tunnel conditions in Guilan province, Iran. The early sowing had a significant positive effect (p = 0.01) on the yield and the number of fruits of both cultivars. The early sowing had also a significant effect (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01) on the plant height until development of the first inflorescence in ‘GC 774’ and on the distance between two inflorescences in ‘E 338’ (p = 0.01). Sowing date and genotype had no effect on the number of flowers in the first inflorescence and on the amount of soluble solids in tomatoes. The amount of organic acids in the fruits differed significantly (p = 0.05) in the early sowing only by ‘E 338’ cultivar. Vitamin C concentration was significantly different for different sowing date (p = 0.01), but were similar between the two cultivars.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124883826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}