Journal of Risk Research最新文献

{"title":"The risk of relocation: risk perceptions and communication surrounding the tradeoffs between floods and economic opportunities in Iquitos, Peru","authors":"Christopher D. Wirz, D. Brossard, Katherine J Curtis, P. Block","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2077413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2077413","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this qualitative study, we analyze the experiences of those living in flood-prone economically constrained communities by exploring relocation, risk perceptions, and communication in the context of extreme seasonal flood disasters. Our study included semi-structured interviews with residents in three communities and unstructured interviews with local experts in Iquitos, Peru. Our results suggest that strategic communication plans and interventions for flood-prone communities should emphasize economic opportunities, rather than trying to emphasize flood risks, since the economic domain appears to be more salient for individuals living in these communities. Conversely, communication in relocated communities, should emphasize safety and overall quality of life, but also consider the economic stresses people face. Ultimately, communication and relief efforts related to addressing problems associated with disasters should start with an understanding of the experiences, perceptions, and communication practices of the communities they are assisting.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"97 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46458972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the special issue “Trust, mistrust, distrust, and trust-building in the nuclear sector: historical and comparative experience from Europe”","authors":"Markku Lehtonen, A. Prades, Josep Espluga, S. Arapostathis","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2067892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2067892","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trust is essential for successful participatory policymaking in high-risk industries, such as nuclear energy and radioactive waste management. However, while efforts at building trust are omnipresent in policy practice, the downsides of excessive trust and the potential virtues of mistrust and distrust are poorly recognised by practitioners, and remain under-researched in social science scholarship. This special issue contributes to filling the research gap by presenting a unique collection of articles transnational, comparative and historical analysis of trust, mistrust, and distrust in empirical cases of past and present nuclear energy and radioactive waste management projects across Europe. This introduction presents a shared conceptual framework for the articles of the special issue, built on two distinctions: 1) the three key concepts of trust, mistrust, and distrust, and 2) the three dimensions – social, institutional, and ideological – that cut across those three key concepts. A number of tasks for future research are identified. These include more fine-grained and context-sensitive analysis that would help operationalise concepts such as prudent scepticism and mistrustful civic vigilance in real-world situations; better understanding of when constructive mistrust might turn into dysfunctional distrust; the dynamics of trust, mistrust, and distrust in non-democratic societies; and the interaction between interpersonal, institutional, and ideological dimensions of trust, mistrust, and distrust. Finally, more conceptual and empirical work is needed to integrate and operationalise the principle of mistrustful vigilance in existing social science research on techno-scientific promises and expectations, in an effort at developing new ‘regimes of promise’, better in tune with the current era of apocalyptic threats and ambiguous perceptions concerning the risks and blessings of techno-science.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"547 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder safety communication: patient and family reports on safety risks in hospitals","authors":"T. Reader","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2061036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2061036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Safety communication relates to the sharing of safety information within organizations in order to mitigate hazards and improve risk management. Although risk researchers have predominantly investigated employee safety communication behaviors (e.g. voice), a growing body of work (e.g. in healthcare, transport) indicates that public stakeholders also communicate safety information to organizations. To investigate the nature of stakeholder safety communication behaviors, and their possible contribution to organizational risk management, accounts from patients and families – recorded in a government public inquiry – about trying to report safety risks in an unsafe hospital were examined. Within the inquiry, 410 narrative accounts of patients and families engaging in safety communication behaviors (voicing concerns, writing complaints, and whistleblowing) were identified and analyzed. Typically, the aim of safety communication was to ensure hospital staff addressed safety risks that were apparent and impactful to patients and families (e.g. medication errors, clinical neglect), yet unnoticed or uncorrected by clinicians and administrators. However, the success of patient and family safety communication in ameliorating risk was variable, and problems in hospital safety culture (e.g. high workloads, downplaying safety problems) meant that information provided by patients and families was frequently not acted upon. Due to their distinct role as independent service-users, public stakeholders can potentially support organizational risk management through communicating on safety risks missed or not addressed by employees and managers. However, for this to happen, there must be capacity and openness within organizations for responding to safety communication from stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"807 - 824"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48765263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a participatory approach to risk communication: the case of contaminants and Inuit health","authors":"Amanda D. Boyd, C. Furgal","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2061035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2061035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indigenous populations residing in the Arctic commonly rely on country foods for nutritional, spiritual and cultural benefits. However, some food sources have become contaminated with heavy metals or persistent organic pollutants. As a result of these contaminants, it is critical that risk communicators develop effective and culturally appropriate health messages about the risks and benefits of eating country foods. To address this challenge in the Canadian Inuit region of Nunavik, a working group was formed to advance risk management, determine health advisories, and communicate recommendations about local country foods. The Nunavik Child Development Study (NCDS) Communications Working Group included local hunters, educators, health care professionals, researchers, and communicators, among others. In-depth interviews with members of the NCDS Communications Working Group were completed to provide insight into the risk management approach and how communication messages and materials were developed and delivered. Study results reveal the importance of including members of the Inuit population affected by the risk in the design and dissemination of communication material. In addition, researchers and healthcare professionals were able to: (1) access important local knowledge; (2) better understand the perceptions of the populations; and (3) assess behaviors that contributed to contaminant exposure. By incorporating multiple perspectives and including members of the population in the affected region in the decision-making process, there was greater consensus in risk management and communication design. We discuss the benefits and challenges of utilizing an approach that includes participatory elements, and how lessons from this case can contribute to participatory risk communication literature more broadly. This study ultimately provides insight into how using elements of a participatory approaches to risk management and communication – that considers different experiences, knowledges, and skills – can result in potentially more culturally relevant health advisories and risk communication campaigns.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"892 - 910"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43787303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding collective flight responses to (mis)perceived hostile threats in Britain 2010-2019: a systematic review of ten years of false alarms in crowded spaces","authors":"D. Barr, J. Drury, S. Choudhury","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2049622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2049622","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crowd flight incidents from (mis)perceived threats are important social, psychological, and political phenomena that have been neglected in previous research. They are potentially deadly, economically disruptive, and individually distressing incidents that may result in armed police responses. Despite the seriousness of these phenomena, we know little about their occurrence in Britain. We carried out a systematic review using PRISMA principles on the Nexis media database to analyse the nature of these false alarm incidents and the relationship between false alarms and other variables, in particular real terror attacks. ‘Urgent’ crowd flight responses, often called ‘stampedes’, were found to be rare, and resulted in relatively few serious injuries. Diverse public behaviour was recorded, and competitive behaviour was relatively rare. False alarm incidents were mainly reported in locations known to be soft targets for terrorism, and incidents were associated with the National Threat Level in the second half of the decade, peaking in 2017. They were also associated with psychologically-relevant attacks in Europe, particularly indiscriminate Islamist attacks, rather than right-wing terrorism. Implications for developing a social psychological understanding of these events are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"825 - 843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46653450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘All we have to do is be uncertain’: assessing the ‘amplification of institutional incertitude’ in European food safety and risk governance","authors":"Jamie K. Wardman, F. Bouder","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2053391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2053391","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses efforts made by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in recent years to foreground the identification, representation, and public disclosure of scientific uncertainty in its risk assessment procedures and communications, a process aptly characterised in this paper as the ‘amplification of institutional incertitude’. We argue that while the introduction of EFSA’s novel uncertainty reforms has opened a welcome space for academic and policy dialogue, this strategic initiative will nevertheless struggle to reconcile ongoing stakeholder concerns about the legitimacy, direction, and authority of the agency’s scientific opinions and expert advice. We observe that the instigation of EFSA’s uncertainty reforms is prefigured by a longstanding policy tension running at the heart of the agency’s directives requiring officials to be both open and transparent on the one hand, whilst being free from political influence and remaining distanced from risk management decisions on the other. The uncertainty reforms adopted may accordingly be understood as a way for EFSA to reconcile a current ‘uncertainty paradox’ facing the agency by accommodating wider concerns about uncertainty and opening itself up to further scrutiny of its risk assessment processes without relinquishing independence. We argue that prior policy tensions are unlikely to be resolved by simply ‘being uncertain’ however, because this prescriptive ‘solution’ offers only limited congruency with the wider problem diagnoses facing the agency. Moreover, we caution that as institutional incertitude is increasingly amplified, EFSA will in turn be further prompted to rethink and refresh its stakeholder engagement initiatives in order to improve its standing in the food safety field amidst ongoing criticisms and calls for greater inclusion, oversight, and input that follow. Finally, we offer some policy recommendations and highlight the need for future lines of research inquiry to take greater account of the socio-political context in which the assessment and communication of uncertainty takes place.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"1008 - 1022"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43334975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust, distrust and radioactive waste management in contemporary Russia","authors":"T. Kasperski, A. Stsiapanau","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2049619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2049619","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trust in public institutions in Russia is notoriously low. Yet trust in nuclear energy is, on the contrary, very high, with two-thirds of the population supporting its continued development. To understand this apparent paradox this article explores the meanings of trust with regard to the recently started process of siting repositories for radioactive waste (RW) in Russia as they are articulated in corporate and social contexts, in particular in the “closed” nuclear cities that will be the sites of repositories. We focus on the ways in which trust is defined by the promoters of the projects and by the residents of the hosting communities during public hearings related to the plans to build nuclear waste disposal facilities at a dozen of newly proposed sites. We argue that the hearings are less about trust building per se as they are about accommodating and neutralizing distrust by emphasizing the absence of better alternatives. Using examples from hearings, we discuss three main dimensions of trust: interpersonal, institutional and ideological, as we show the importance of the ideological component of trust that partially compensates for strong institutional distrust.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"648 - 665"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42539714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striving for technical consensus by agreeing to disagree: the case of monitoring underground nuclear waste disposal facilities","authors":"Hannes Lagerlöf, G. Sundqvist, A. Bergmans","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2049620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2049620","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Socio-technical arrangements seeking to produce consensus are understood differently by theories in science and technology studies. Some scholars argue that consensus ambitions are coercive in that they oppress the (inevitable) alternatives to the dominant values and interests that are enforced under a guise of consensual unity. Others argue that consensus is inherently characterized by value and interest heterogeneity, i.e. downplaying processes of coercion and exclusion, and instead emphasizing ‘multiplicity’. In this article, we combine both these seemingly contradictory insights to understand how a European Union Research and Development Project sought to produce consensus among a range of international actors about introducing new technology into existing nuclear waste management programmes. By presenting the political and technical contexts of two national programmes – the Swedish and the French – we show that political and legislative preconditions for monitoring differed between the countries. The project thereby faced the European Union’s expectations of honouring certain (political) values by producing consensus and the simultaneous turmoil of divergent national trajectories. This turmoil, however, was reconciled by ‘agreeing to disagree’. By producing consensus on the level of technical protocols that allowed a degree of flexibility, both the political values of European harmonization imposed on the project and the integrity of the somewhat divergent national programmes were honoured. Fundamentally, we argue that the coercive aspects of this process are constituted by the naturalization of European Union policy, but that such coercive efforts still leave some room for diversity, i.e. flexibility.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"666 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46150122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Chinese mobile social media users’ communication behaviors during public health emergencies","authors":"Houcai Wang, Li Xiong, Chengwen Wang, Nan Chen","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2049621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2049621","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mobile social media has become a significant platform for information exchange and social interaction during public health emergencies, and it has experienced exponential growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has forced many emergency agencies to rethink the way emergency information is disseminated. Mobile social media can be applied to public health emergency response, and it has great potential value as a tool for fostering government-citizen relationships during public health emergencies. Furthermore, consideration of specific risk cultures and rigorous censorship of social media may influence citizens’ use of mobile social media during the pandemic or other public health emergency. Thus, to investigate the specific mobile social media communication behaviors of Chinese citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic, we surveyed 2,074 mobile social media users in China from February to August 2020. We found that the state-oriented risk culture and strict censorship of social media, influence Chinese mobile social media users to seek and share information about the pandemic during public health emergencies; this finding has practical implications and academic value, because it increases the understanding of mobile social media users’ communication behaviors, supports shared situational awareness, and increases social resilience when responses to public health emergencies.","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"874 - 891"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41523336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The drivers and barriers of wearing a facemask during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Switzerland","authors":"A. Bearth, M. Siegrist","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2022.2038244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2038244","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Encouraging people to wear a facemask in situations where social distance is not possible is a relatively low-cost and low-impact measure to protect people from infections with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the present study investigated various barriers and drivers regarding people’s self-reported wearing of protective facemasks in mandatory and non-mandatory situations. Data from a longitudinal study with four waves in Switzerland was used (N = 728). The findings show that the compliance with “wearing a facemask” increased over the duration of the pandemic, particularly after the lockdown measures were lifted. More importantly, the study shows that perceived effectiveness of wearing a facemask are important drivers, while various perceived costs (e.g., financial, comfort) act as barriers. Risk communicators should be aware that the communicated effectiveness (self or others) is associated with people’s willingness to wear facemasks in public, independently of the involved and perceived costs or whether wearing a facemask is mandatory or not. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2022.2038244 .","PeriodicalId":16975,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Risk Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"1085 - 1097"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59766975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}