{"title":"Reflections on Cluster Policies","authors":"S. Brakman, Charles van Marrewijk","doi":"10.1093/CJRES/RST001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/CJRES/RST001","url":null,"abstract":"Economic activity tends to cluster. This results in productivity gains. For policy makers this offers an opportunity to formulate and promote policies that foster clustering of economic activity. Paradoxically, although agglomeration rents are often found in empirical research a rationale for cluster policies does not exist. A brief tour through the literature shows that cluster policies face more problems than is often assumed in policy circles. We reflect on the main issues at stake and conclude that, if not carefully applied, cluster policy may do more harm than good.","PeriodicalId":169525,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Networks (Topic)","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126745234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Web-Based Social Movements: Mathematical Model of Mobilization","authors":"Yulia Lukashina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2089980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2089980","url":null,"abstract":"At the current stage of research I am seeking to develop mathematical model, with which widely discussed peculiarities of SMO, intensively recruiting new members in World Wide Web, could be brought together, and recorded for further explanation. The paper starts with listing such peculiarities, as they were already explored by previous researchers. Then, assuming that web-based SMOs do have something in common, namely because Internet is main communication channel for them, the following section applies the notion of informational cascade to announced scientific problem. The concept of informational cascade, together with social identification, is the very bridge which can glue peculiarities of web- communication with the level of reality-based protest activity. In the beginning of mobilization of the movement, the more Internet-users are informed, the more people join the movement. But why the cascade – and recruitment of new members – slows down after? From the mathematical point of view, graph theory explains it in a best way. Internet is a net and cascade is also a net, since one and the same person can theoretically get one and the same information from different sources, in our case: from more than one node of the net. The denser the net is, the more pressure exerts on the information flows. To show such dependence, system dynamic approach, namely the notion of feedback loop, can be used. That is how we get a model with two variables: density and number of members. Then we simply add the third one – level of protest activity. At the last step we have a system with three moderated variables and three equations. Many statements here are based on preparatory part of my dissertation research, despite similar ones can be probably found in existing literature.","PeriodicalId":169525,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Networks (Topic)","volume":"726 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116132784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technology Market Intermediaries and Innovation","authors":"F. Tietze, C. Herstatt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1619295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1619295","url":null,"abstract":"On the markets for technology (MfT) we currently observe a sizable growth, observe that firms still face immanent transaction obstacles and the emergence of technology market intermediaries (TMI). Why TMIs emerge and how they attempt to facilitate transactions however is not yet sufficiently understood.For these two questions we propose theoretical explanations within this paper building primarily on the arguments of Stigler (1951), North (1996) and Williamson (1979). Throughout this argumentation we combine the two related levels of analysis. We take into account the dynamics on market level and the micro level of the firm with regard to IP transactions in which firms are involved when pursuing open innovation.We argue that the growing MfT on the one hand and immanent transaction obstacles on the other hand create business opportunities for entrepreneurs to develop new transaction models (service innovations) offered by TMIs as a new type of market actor (organizational innovation) to support firms managing transactions. Following the notion of Stigler (1951) and North (1996), the emergence of TMIs as organizational innovation has an impact on the way how transactions were ‘traditionally managed and thus creates an institutional change that leads to further division of labor on the MfT.Following Williamson (1979) we propose that new transaction models developed by TMIs aim to commoditize the traditionally idiosyncratic governance structures making transactions more economically. However, it remains to be seen which of the newly developed models will survive and deliver more economic transactions contributing to further developments towards efficient markets.","PeriodicalId":169525,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Networks (Topic)","volume":"27 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120912729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The International Network of R&D Partnerships 1989-2002: Revisiting the Question of its Macro-Level Structure","authors":"R. Corten, M. Bojanowski, B. Westbrock","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1574891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1574891","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the number of research and development (R&D) partnerships between firms has substantially increased. From the perspective of the individual firm, these partnerships are formed in order to share the risks and benefits of R&D. At the macro level, they result in a global spanning network that can be a valuable source of international knowledge spillovers. We study the structure and dynamics of the network on an international and cross-industry scale using longitudinal data for 1989-2002. Our article contributes to a literature that attributes the patterns and changes in this network to major political and technological developments, but which omits the sizes of the underlying firm populations. Two often made claims are that R&D collaboration is an important activity in the recently fierce competitive environment, but that the importance of international partnerships has declined over time. We integrate data on public firms and their R&D partnerships and confront both hypotheses with our data and a set of methods, which enables us to correct for the structure and dynamics in the firm population.","PeriodicalId":169525,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Networks (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125597767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Empirical Assessment of a Learning and Knowledge Management Typology for Research Joint Ventures","authors":"E. Revilla, J. Acosta, Joseph Sarkis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1020274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1020274","url":null,"abstract":"(WP 11/04 Clave pdf) As innovation and technology management grow in complexity the need for inter-organizational cooperation increases.Part of this cooperation requires the understanding of how knowledge management and learning processes may function to support a successful research and development collaboration.To further this understanding we introduce a typology to help categorize various collaborative efforts within a research joint venture environment.The typology is based on two dimensions the locus of the research joint venture knowledge and the knowledge management approach. Using a broad-based European database 98 research joint venture projects were used to evaluate the typology.","PeriodicalId":169525,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Networks (Topic)","volume":"22 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132621888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Liebeskind, Amalya L. Oliver, L. Zucker, M. Brewer
{"title":"Social Networks, Learning, and Flexibility: Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms","authors":"J. Liebeskind, Amalya L. Oliver, L. Zucker, M. Brewer","doi":"10.3386/W5320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W5320","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the organizational arrangements used by New Biotechnology Firms (NBFs) to source scientific knowledge. Using data from two highly successful NBFs, the paper shows that both firms relied principally on hierarchies and networks to source scientific knowledge; market arrangements were insignificant. Most interesting, each firm had a very large, diversified set of boundary-spanning collaborative research arrangements, mostly involving university scientists. It is argued that these external research networks enabled the two firms studied to compete more successfully in a highly turbulent and highly competitive industry environment.","PeriodicalId":169525,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation Networks (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121371942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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