American Journal of Economics and Business Administration最新文献

{"title":"The Financial Behavior of Jordanian Pharmaceutical Industry","authors":"Mamoun Shakatreh","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to analyze the financial behavior of the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2005-2015. The study examines the relationship between funding sources and the Return on Equity (ROE) in order to reach conclusions and to make recommendations to enhance the performance of the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry companies. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) test and Hausman test are used to estimate the fixed effects and random effects model. The random effects model proved to be more suitable for testing the impact of the financial behavior on the profitability of the Jordanian pharmaceutical industry as measured by ROE. The study results showed that the financing through equity has a positive and significance effect on the ROE, which explains the fact that the Jordanian pharmaceutical companies mainly depend on equity financing by 67%. The study recommended that the Jordanian pharmaceutical companies should make an effort to finance its capital increase, assets increase and expansion by financing through equity sources.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121360697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hanshaw Helm-Stevens Rapid Prototype Instructional Design Model: Examining the Dimensions of Structure and Dialogue within the Framework of Higher Education","authors":"Roxanne Helm-Stevens, George Hanshaw, Joseph Kim","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.35.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.35.46","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the implementation of an integrative rapid prototype instructional design model within the framework of higher education. The researchers present the Hanshaw Helm-Stevens Rapid Prototyping (HHSRP) model utilized to develop online courses for two graduate programs, including 33 courses, housed in the School of Business and Management. The evaluation came after a two-year partnership between the Office of Innovative Teaching and Technology and the School of Business and Management focusing on rapid development and deployment of online courses. In a case study format, the researchers describe the adopted model, including the processes and roles contained therein and lessons learned. Based on documentation, interviews and practical observation, issues are explored through assessing and analyzing information gathered from these different sources. This research supports the possibility that there are valuable outcomes in the area of process, team composition, collaboration and communication.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122853987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Energy and Exports in Economic Growth in Ghana","authors":"J. Adu","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.10.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.10.18","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, the quest for sustained economic growth has remained a paramount agenda for developing and emerging economies. However for many of these economies, this goal remains elusive as the myriad of reforms implemented have often failed to yield desired results. The literature is replete with many studies aimed at identifying the sources of growth. Yet the role of energy access and utilization has received little attention, likewise the role of exports. To fill this void and offer direction to policy in emerging economies, this study attempts to investigate the impact of energy use and exports in fostering economic growth and development using Ghanaian data. Findings from this paper reveal that energy consumption and exports are key drivers of economic growth in Ghana. Hence, development policy in the country and beyond must be designed to give careful consideration towards integrating energy policy and export-promotion in order to harness the growth potentials of other sectors of the economy.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133987263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back to Basics in the Importance of Market Orientation and Corporate Strategy to Bank Performances in Indonesia","authors":"Y. Arif","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.78.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.78.85","url":null,"abstract":"This study was to see market orientation and corporate strategy to Bank performance, specifically product sales development, financial performance growth and market share growth in Indonesia. Unit analysis surveyed was a twelve (12) public listed commercial bank with the flexibility in the product offered and geographic coverage belongs to the group of BUKU III and BUKU IV under the Bank Indonesia classification. This study used the statistical reliable and valid Instrumentation. Given little samples, as they tell to a corporate strategy which is only formulated by the bank's headquarters, the results of studies were processed using partial least square's methods. Observations show that the dimensions of customer orientation dominate the preference on the bank's corporate strategy, followed by internal coordination and the least being a competitor orientation. The market orientation variables (±85.5%) influenced the strategy. Further observations also show that the approach (84.4%) explained the bank performance%) whereas other factors (26.6%) reflect other models.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127167820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Sponsorship Activities and Consumer-Oriented Activities on Growth Performance","authors":"Miray Çelik, Volkan Öngel","doi":"10.3844/ajebasp.2019.47.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2019.47.60","url":null,"abstract":"Sponsorship activities, which mean that an organization should be supported by another institution to promote itself or a product without waiting for monetary provisions, is an important tactical move for companies that want to gain competitive advantage today. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sponsorship activities and consumer-oriented activities on the firm's growth performance. The survey method was preferred as a method of measurement and a total of 310 participants were evaluated by using 5-point Likert technique. As a result of the study, it was determined that both sponsorship activities and consumer-oriented activities had a direct and positive effect on the growth performance of the enterprise. It has been observed that companies that allocate budget for sponsorship activities and which shape their activities with consumer feedbacks have a direct impact on their growth performance. The results were interpreted in detail for academicians and senior executives and various suggestions were made for future research.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128270473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Effects of Infrastructure Development in American Indian Tribal Areas with Low Income and High Unemployment","authors":"S. Payson","doi":"10.3844/ajebasp.2019.61.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2019.61.77","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the worst incidences of poverty in the United States exist in American Indian tribal areas, also known as “Indian Country.” It is the responsibility of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, at the U.S. Department of the Interior, to promote policies to facilitate the economic development and growth of Indian Country. One of the key ingredients for such growth is improved infrastructure, especially in the most impoverished areas. This paper will provide guidance to economists and policy analysts, both within and outside of Indian Affairs, on how to develop infrastructure-based strategies for promoting economic growth in Indian Country. The paper presents a macroeconomic model that interrelates infrastructure development with household income and consumption and examines the multiplier effects that result from expanded infrastructure in tribal areas. The model demonstrates that states may easily benefit from supporting tribal infrastructure development, by various spillover effects.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114630382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency and Forecast Performance of Commodity Futures Markets","authors":"Bernardina Algieri, M. Kalkuhl","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.19.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2019.19.34","url":null,"abstract":"The present study empirically investigates market efficiency and the potential factors of inefficiency in the main non-energy commodity futures markets: maize, soybeans and wheat. With efficient markets, futures prices can be used as commodity price forecasts, with inefficient markets futures prices are not able to predict spot prices. Technically, exploring the drivers of inefficiency means to assess the determinants of forecast errors, i.e. the factors affecting the difference between realized spot prices and predicted future spot prices. The analysis is carried out using first a traditional test of efficiency for spot and futures prices and then implementing a more sophisticated GARCH analysis at a daily and weekly frequency. The results show that maize, soybeans and wheat markets are not informationally efficient. The realized price volatility of futures markets, the time to maturity, open interest, trading volumes and speculative measures are significant factors explaining forecast errors. In particular, short-term speculation (scalping activity) increases the noise in the information formation process. Similarly, price volatility, lack of liquidity and long contract maturity horizon raise forecast errors, while long-term speculation and speculative pressure reduce errors. The analysis suggests that knowing the causes of forecast errors, would allow to control for such factors and therefore to ameliorate the forecast accuracy of commodity prices.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127153511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Information Effect of Stock Lending and Borrowing and Short Selling between the Korea Stock Exchange and the New Stock Exchange","authors":"Yeong-suk Cho, Youngsik Kwak","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.11.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.11.21","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to compare the information effect of Stock Lending and Borrowing (SLB) and short selling between the Korea Stock Exchange (KRX) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). While most previous studies analyzed the information effect with a focus on short selling, this study links short selling to SLB and examines how SLB and short selling affect stock prices. Using the data of 40 stocks with the most active records of SLB and short selling from each exchange, we perform a regression analysis to examine the information effect. We find that in the KRX, SLB has a positive effect on short selling and short selling has a negative effect on stock prices. However, in the NYSE, short selling has a significant positive effect on stock prices. This is due to the differences in policies concerning public posting of short selling data. We also find that the effect of volatility on stock prices and the effect of short selling on volatility are all significantly negative in both exchanges. That is, short selling reduces market volatility and thus keeps the market from overheating. Furthermore, the effects are greater during the periods when SLB and short selling are more concentrated.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128947927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Small Scale Fishing on the Livelihood Improvement of Haor Fishermen: An Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Nur Mozahid, J. Ahmed, M. Mannaf, S. Akter","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The single most factors affecting the livelihood of haor people of Bangladesh is fishing. Data and information regarding this issue are lacking in Bangladesh, therefore, the study was conducted to assess the extent and determinants of livelihood step up of fishermen in haor area of Sunamganj district, Bangladesh. The present investigation showed that, the majority of the fishermen (60.0%) had small land ownership. Most of them were illiterate (56.3%) and belonged to (53.75%) middle income ($621.0-$915.0) and 6.25% had a small income ranging $305.0-$610. Among the fishermen, 45.0% were received credit from Mahajan and only 12.5% of fishermen had savings. Different livelihood assets were increased to a large extent due to small-scale fishing. Financial, human, social and physical capitals were increased from 32.0% to 76.67%, 45.0% to 75.33%, 42.0% to 62.5% and 30.0% to 73.37%, respectively due to engage in fishing. The logistic regression model revealed four significant variables i.e., family type, farm size, boat ownership and credit access were responsible for the livelihood improvement of haor fishermen. Furthermore, this study also found out constraints which were faced by the fishermen. Among all the constraints, the flash flood was reported to as a major problem by the fishermen.","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129091258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employer Rights and Legal Defenses to OSHA Citations","authors":"Thomas Oriet, L. Oriet","doi":"10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.31.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEBASP.2018.31.51","url":null,"abstract":"Congress placed a statutory duty on the employer and employee to be safe in the workplace, but the courts do not reciprocate this duty onto employees. 1With plant managers understandably unaware of their rights,2  and with governmental tactics to obtain consent for administrative ease,3  a company's threat to litigation may derive from its ignorance of the law. This paper aims to educate employers of their rights and counter-arguments to Secretary of Labor (\"Secretary\") litigation as they seek independent legal counsel. An employer can deny entry of an Occupational Health and Safety Administration (\"OSHA\") inspector lacking a warrant unless the business is in a pervasively regulated industry. The employer may ask for a copy of the warrant and the basis for the warrant and the OSHA inspector must articulate the scope and purpose of the search. An employer may request counsel to accompany the OSHA inspector during the investigation. Upon completion of the inspection, the Secretary or OSHA must issue a citation within six-months. In other words, the date of discovering a violation or when the alleged violation occurred starts the six-month statute of the limitations for a valid citation to be issued. The employer must appeal by notifying the Secretary within 15 business days after receipt of the citation. The Secretary of Labor always bears the initial burden of proving every element of an Occupational Safety and Health Act (\"OSH Act\") violation that resulted from the employer's alleged failed compliance. An employer may raise the Multi-Employer Doctrine to argue it was an employee from another employer that created and controlled the hazard inducing incident. The employer must prove: \"(1) it did not create the violative condition to which its employees were exposed; (2) it did not control the violative condition, so that it could not itself have performed the action necessary to abate the condition as required by the standard; and (3) it took all reasonable alternative measures to protect its employees from the violative condition.\" 4 An employer may argue that the OSH Act compliance is infeasible by demonstrating: \"(1) that compliance with a particular standard either is impossible or will render performance of the work impossible; and (2) that the employer  undertook  alternative  steps  to protect its workers or that no such steps were available.\" 5 To rebut the presumption that the employer bears full responsibility for workplace safety, an employee's isolated and unforeseen misconduct may be held against the employee using the Unpreventable Employee Misconduct Defense. The employer shall need to prove: \"(1) it established work rules or policies  designed  to  prevent the violation;(2) it has adequately communicated these rules to its employees; (3) it has taken steps to discover violations of the work rules; and (4) it has effectively enforced these work rules when violations have been discovered.\"6  An employer can seek a variance proceeding ","PeriodicalId":169514,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Economics and Business Administration","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}