{"title":"In memory of Prof. Luis Moroder","authors":"Yuji Kobayashi","doi":"10.1002/psc.3660","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The versatility of peptide hydrogels: From self-assembly to drug delivery applications","authors":"Julie Heremans, Steven Ballet, Charlotte Martin","doi":"10.1002/psc.3662","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pharmaceuticals often suffer from limitations such as low solubility, low stability, and short half-life. To address these challenges and reduce the need for frequent drug administrations, a more efficient delivery is required. In this context, the development of controlled drug delivery systems, acting as a protective depot for the drug, has expanded significantly over the last decades. Among these, injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising platform, especially in view of the rise of biologicals as therapeutics. Hydrogels are functional, solid-like biomaterials, composed of cross-linked hydrophilic polymers and high water content. Their physical properties, which closely mimic the extracellular matrix, make them suitable for various biomedical applications. This review discusses the different types of hydrogel systems and their self-assembly process, with an emphasis on peptide-based hydrogels. Due to their structural and functional diversity, biocompatibility, synthetic accessibility, and tunability, peptides are regarded as promising and versatile building blocks. A comprehensive overview of the variety of peptide hydrogels is outlined, with β-sheet forming sequences being highlighted. Key factors to consider when using peptide hydrogels as a controlled drug delivery system are reviewed, along with a discussion of the main drug release mechanisms and the emerging trend towards affinity-based systems to further refine drug release profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification and synthesis of a long-chain antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the Liocheles australasiae scorpion","authors":"Masahiro Miyashita, Shoichi Sakai, Ryota Okabe, Sayaka Kawai, Takumi Kishimoto, Atsushi Kitanaka, Naoya Mitani, Yoshiaki Nakagawa","doi":"10.1002/psc.3661","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scorpion venom contains linear peptides without disulfide bonds in addition to peptides with disulfide bonds. Many such linear peptides have an amphiphilic α-helical structure, often with antimicrobial activity and can be classified into three groups based on their molecular size. Among them, long-chain antimicrobial peptides consisting of more than 40 residues have not been thoroughly studied due to the difficulty of synthesizing them. We have previously reported a transcriptome analysis of the venom gland of <i>Liocheles australasiae</i> that revealed precursor sequences of long-chain antimicrobial peptides. In the study reported here, we identified the mature structure of one such long-chain antimicrobial peptide, LaCT1, which we synthesized using chemical ligation to confirm its structure and evaluate its biological activities. The result showed that LaCT1 exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. In addition, we identified its partial peptides consisting of an N- or C-terminal region, which may be generated by enzymatic cleavage in the venom. Among them, only the peptide containing the N-terminal half region was active. LaCT1 also not only showed insecticidal activity but also synergistically enhanced the effects of another insecticidal peptide identified in <i>L. australasiae</i> venom as well. These results provide insights into the role of antimicrobial peptides in scorpion venom.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial for the Special Collection “Women in Peptide Science”","authors":"Anna Maria Papini, Ines Neundorf, Diana Imhof","doi":"10.1002/psc.3659","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michela Bollati, Elettra Fasola, Stefano Pieraccini, Francesca Freddi, Paolo Cocomazzi, Francesco Oliva, Merlin Klußmann, Angelo Maspero, Umberto Piarulli, Silvia Ferrara, Sara Pellegrino, Giovanni Bertoni, Silvia Gazzola
{"title":"Impairing protein–protein interactions in an essential tRNA modification complex: An innovative antimicrobial strategy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Michela Bollati, Elettra Fasola, Stefano Pieraccini, Francesca Freddi, Paolo Cocomazzi, Francesco Oliva, Merlin Klußmann, Angelo Maspero, Umberto Piarulli, Silvia Ferrara, Sara Pellegrino, Giovanni Bertoni, Silvia Gazzola","doi":"10.1002/psc.3658","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) have been recognized as a promising target for the development of new drugs, as proved by the growing number of PPI modulators reaching clinical trials. In this context, peptides represent a valid alternative to small molecules, owing to their unique ability to mimic the target protein structure and interact with wider surface areas. Among the possible fields of interest, bacterial PPIs represent an attractive target to face the urgent necessity to fight antibiotic resistance. Growing attention has been paid to the YgjD/YeaZ/YjeE complex responsible for the essential t<sup>6</sup>A<sub>37</sub> tRNA modification in bacteria. We previously identified an α-helix on the surface of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> YeaZ, crucial for the YeaZ-YeaZ homodimer formation and the conserved YeaZ-YgjD interactions. Herein, we present our studies for impairing the PPIs involved in the formation of the YeaZ dimers through synthetic peptide derivatives of this helical moiety, both <i>in vitro</i> with purified components and on <i>P. aeruginosa</i> cells. Our results proved the possibility of targeting those PPIs which are usually essential for protein functioning and thus are refractory to mutational changes and antibiotic resistance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and applications of enzymatic peptide and protein ligation","authors":"Yan Cui, Dongyang Han, Xuerong Bai, Weiwei Shi","doi":"10.1002/psc.3657","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemical synthesis of complex peptides and proteins continues to play increasingly important roles in industry and academia, where strategies for covalent ligation of two or more peptide fragments to produce longer peptides and proteins in convergent manners have become critical. In recent decades, efficient and site-selective ligation strategies mediated by exploiting the biocatalytic capacity of nature's diverse toolkit (i.e., enzymes) have been widely recognized as a powerful extension of existing chemical strategies. In this review, we present a chronological overview of the development of proteases, transpeptidases, transglutaminases, and ubiquitin ligases. We survey the different properties between the ligation reactions of various enzymes, including the selectivity and efficiency of the reaction, the ligation “scar” left in the product, the type of amide bond formed (natural or isopeptide), the synthetic availability of the reactants, and whether the enzymes are orthogonal to another. This review also describes how the inherent specificity of these enzymes can be exploited for peptide and protein ligation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbocyclic setmelanotide analogs maintain biochemical potency at melanocortin 4 receptors","authors":"Samuel Gary, Anuradha Roy, Steven Bloom","doi":"10.1002/psc.3656","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3656","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) plays a critical role in satiety and energy homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in numerous hyperphagic and obese disease states. Setmelanotide, a disulfide-based cyclic peptide, can rescue MC4R activity and treat obesities caused by genetic defects in MC4R signaling. But this peptide has moderate blood–brain barrier penetrance and metabolic stability, which can limit its efficacy in practice. Based on the cryo-electron microscopy structure of setmelanotide-bound MC4R, we hypothesized that replacing its lone disulfide bond with more metabolically stable and permeability-enhancing carbon-based linker groups could improve pharmacokinetic properties without abolishing activity. To test this, we used chemistry developed by our lab to prepare 11 carbocyclic (alkyl, aryl, perfluoroalkyl, and ethereal) analogs of setmelanotide and determined their biochemical potencies at MC4R in vitro. Ten analogs displayed full agonism, showing that disulfide replacement is tolerant of linkers ranging in size, rigidity, and functional groups, with heteroatom- or aryl-rich linkers displaying superior potencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of new antimicrobial peptides derived from Temporin F","authors":"Lucas Melo Bosquetti, Cyntia Silva Oliveira, Giselle Cerchiaro, Vani Xavier Oliveira Junior","doi":"10.1002/psc.3655","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3655","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising source of new compounds against resistant bacteria. Temporins are a class of AMPs found on the amphibian <i>Rana temporaria</i> and show activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. There are few studies on how these antimicrobials have been used, but new Temporin-F derivatives were engineered with Lys-substitutions to assess the impact of the net charge on antimicrobial activity and toxicity. We demonstrated through some assays that it is possible to increase the antibacterial activity while maintaining a reduced peptide hemolytic activity with specific substitutions. Our lead synthetic peptide, G6K-Temporin F, has shown higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in vitro (MIC range 2 to 32 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>), with low hemolytic activity maintained, resulting in an increase in the therapeutic window (TW), of 12.5. Also, it showed more resistant to enzymatic degradation. On the other hand, more significant increases in net charges, such as in P3K-G11K-Temporin F, result in a severe increase in toxicity with lower gains in antimicrobial activity (TW of 0.65). In conclusion, we demonstrated that a moderate increase in net charge can lead to a more active analog and G6K-Temporin F is revealed to be promising as a candidate for new AMP therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis A. Castillo-Díaz, Julie E. Gough, Aline F. Miller, Alberto Saiani
{"title":"RGD-functionalised self-assembling peptide hydrogel induces a proliferative profile in human osteoblasts in vitro","authors":"Luis A. Castillo-Díaz, Julie E. Gough, Aline F. Miller, Alberto Saiani","doi":"10.1002/psc.3653","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3653","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs) have been used in the past decade as reliable three-dimensional (3D) synthetic scaffolds for the culture of a variety of mammalian cells in vitro. Thanks to their versatile physicochemical properties, they allow researchers to tailor the hydrogel properties, including stiffness and functionality to the targeted cells and cells' behaviour. One of the advantages of using SAPH scaffolds is the ease of functionalisation. In the present work, we discuss the effect that functionalising the FEFEFKFK (F, phenylalanine; K, lysine; and E, glutamic acid) hydrogel scaffold using the cell-binding RGDS (fibronectin — R, arginine; G, glycine; D, aspartic acid; S, serine) epitope affects the material properties as well as the function of encapsulated human osteoblast cells. RGDS functionalisation resulted in cells adopting an elongated morphology, suggesting attachment and increased proliferation. While this led to higher cell viability, it also resulted in a decrease in extra-cellular matrix (ECM) protein production as well as a decrease in calcium ion deposition, suggesting lower mineralisation capabilities. The work clearly shows that SAPHs are a flexible platform that allow the modification of scaffolds in a controlled manner to investigate cell–material interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xabier Guarrochena, Maximilian Anderla, Philipp Salomon, Irene V. J. Feiner, Berthold A. Nock, Theodosia Maina, Thomas L. Mindt
{"title":"Combination of the amide-to-triazole substitution strategy with alternative structural modifications for the metabolic stabilization of tumor-targeting, radiolabeled peptides","authors":"Xabier Guarrochena, Maximilian Anderla, Philipp Salomon, Irene V. J. Feiner, Berthold A. Nock, Theodosia Maina, Thomas L. Mindt","doi":"10.1002/psc.3654","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3654","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiolabeled peptides play a key role in nuclear medicine to selectively deliver radionuclides to malignancies for diagnosis (imaging) and therapy. Yet, their efficiency is often compromised by low metabolic stability. The use of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles (1,4-Tzs) as stable amide bond bioisosteres can increase the half-life of peptides in vivo while maintaining their biological properties. Previously, the amide-to-triazole substitution strategy was used for the stabilization of the pansomatostatin radioligand [<sup>111</sup>In]In-AT2S, resulting in the mono-triazolo-peptidomimetic [<sup>111</sup>In]In-XG1, a radiotracer with moderately enhanced stability in vivo and retained ability to bind multiple somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes. However, inclusion of additional 1,4-Tz led to a loss of affinity towards SST<sub>2</sub>R, the receptor overexpressed by most SSTR-positive cancers. To enhance further the stability of [<sup>111</sup>In]In-XG1, alternative modifications at the enzymatically labile position Thr<sup>10</sup>-Phe<sup>11</sup> were employed. Three novel 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-peptide conjugates were synthesized with a 1,4-Tz (Asn<sup>5</sup>-<i>Ψ</i>[Tz]-Phe<sup>6</sup>) and either a β-amino acid (β-Phe<sup>11</sup>), reduced amide bond (Thr<sup>10</sup>-<i>Ψ</i>[NH]-Phe<sup>11</sup>), or N-methylated amino acid (<i>N</i>-Me-Phe<sup>11</sup>). Two of the new peptidomimetics were more stable in blood plasma in vitro than [<sup>111</sup>In]In-XG1. Yet none of them retained high affinity towards SST<sub>2</sub>R. We demonstrate for the first time the combination of the amide-to-triazole substitution strategy with alternative stabilization methods to improve the metabolic stability of tumor-targeting peptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/psc.3654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}