Gia-Hoa Tran, Thi-Huyen Tran, Son H. Pham, Huy Luong Xuan, Tien T. Dang
{"title":"Cyclotides: The next generation in biopesticide development for eco-friendly agriculture","authors":"Gia-Hoa Tran, Thi-Huyen Tran, Son H. Pham, Huy Luong Xuan, Tien T. Dang","doi":"10.1002/psc.3570","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemical pesticides remain the predominant method for pest management in numerous countries. Given the current landscape of agriculture, the development of biopesticides has become increasingly crucial. The strategy empowers farmers to efficiently manage pests and diseases, while prioritizing minimal adverse effects on the environment and human health, hence fostering sustainable management. In recent years, there has been a growing interest and optimism surrounding the utilization of peptide biopesticides for crop protection. These sustainable and environmentally friendly substances have been recognized as viable alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their outstanding environmental compatibility and efficacy. Numerous studies have been conducted to synthesize and identify peptides that exhibit activity against significant plant pathogens. One of the peptide classes is cyclotides, which are cyclic cysteine-rich peptides renowned for their wide range of sequences and functions. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of cyclotides, focusing on their structural attributes, developmental history, significant biological functions in crop protection, techniques for identification and investigation, and the application of biotechnology to enhance cyclotide synthesis. The objective is to emphasize the considerable potential of cyclotides as the next generation of plant protection agents on the global scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Bortolus, Aleksandra Kotynia, Giacomo Saielli, Paolo Ruzza, Marilena Di Valentin, Mauro Carraro, Justyna Brasuń
{"title":"Detailed investigation of the binding abilities of the heterodomain of a multiHis cyclopeptide toward Cu(II) ions","authors":"Marco Bortolus, Aleksandra Kotynia, Giacomo Saielli, Paolo Ruzza, Marilena Di Valentin, Mauro Carraro, Justyna Brasuń","doi":"10.1002/psc.3568","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3568","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyclopeptides hold significant relevance in various fields of science and medicine, due to their unique structural properties and diverse biological activities. Cyclic peptides, characterized by intrinsically higher conformational order, exhibit remarkable stability and resistance to proteolytic degradation, making them attractive candidates for developing targeted drug delivery systems. The aim of this work is to elucidate the unique coordination properties of the multi-His cyclic peptide with c(HDHKHPHHKHHP) sequence (HDCP – heterodomain cyclopeptide). This peptide, indeed, is able to form homo- and hetero-dinuclear complexes in a wide pH range, being thus a good chelator for Cu(II) ions. Herein, we present the results of a combined study, involving potentiometric, spectroscopic (UV–Vis, CD, and EPR), and computational investigations, on its coordination properties. To better understand the interaction pattern with Cu(II) metal ions, two other peptides, each one bearing only one of the two binding domains of HDCP are also considered in this study: c(HDHKHPGGKGGP) = CP1, c(GKGGKPHHKHHP) = CP2, which share sequence fragments of HDCP and allow separate investigations of its coordination domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Periklis Karamanis, Jimmy Muldoon, Cormac D. Murphy, Marina Rubini
{"title":"Total synthesis of antifungal lipopeptide iturin A analogues and evaluation of their bioactivity against F. graminearum","authors":"Periklis Karamanis, Jimmy Muldoon, Cormac D. Murphy, Marina Rubini","doi":"10.1002/psc.3569","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pursuit of novel antifungal agents is imperative to tackle the threat of antifungal resistance, which poses major risks to both human health and to food security. Iturin A is a cyclic lipopeptide, produced by <i>Bacillus</i> sp., with pronounced antifungal properties against several pathogens. Its challenging synthesis, mainly due to the laborious synthesis of the β-amino fatty acid present in its structure, has hindered the study of its mode of action and the development of more potent analogues. In this work, a facile synthesis of bioactive iturin A analogues containing an alkylated cysteine residue is presented. Two analogues with opposite configurations of the alkylated cysteine residue were synthesized, to evaluate the role of the stereochemistry of the newly introduced amino acid on the bioactivity. Antifungal assays, conducted against <i>F. graminearum</i>, showed that the novel analogues are bioactive and can be used as a synthetic model for the design of new analogues and in structure–activity relationship studies. The assays also highlight the importance of the β-amino acid in the natural structure and the role of the stereochemistry of the amino fatty acid, as the analogue with the D configuration showed stronger antifungal properties than the one with the L configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/psc.3569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"All-hydrocarbon stapling enables improvement of antimicrobial activity and proteolytic stability of peptide Figainin 2","authors":"Jingwen Xue, Yinxue Fu, Huang Li, Ting Zhang, Wei Cong, Honggang Hu, Zhiyuan Lu, Fang Yan, Yulei Li","doi":"10.1002/psc.3566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Figainin 2 is a cationic, hydrophobic, α-helical host-defense peptide with 28 residues, which was isolated from the skin secretions of the Chaco tree frog. It shows potent inhibitory activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens and has garnered considerable interest in developing novel classes of natural antibacterial agents. However, as a linear peptide, conformational flexibility and poor proteolytic stability hindered its development as antibacterial agent. To alleviate its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation and improve its antibacterial activity, a series of hydrocarbon-stable analogs of Figainin 2 were synthesized and evaluated for their secondary structure, protease stability, antimicrobial, and hemolytic activities. Among them, F2-12 showed significant improvement in protease resistance and antimicrobial activity compared to that of the template peptide. This study provides a promising strategy for the development of antimicrobial drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification, chemical synthesis, and receptor binding of a reptilian gecko ghrelin","authors":"Hidekazu Katayama, Hiroyuki Kaiya","doi":"10.1002/psc.3567","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ghrelin is known to be a gastrointestinal peptide hormone in vertebrates. It has a unique posttransrational modification, octanoylation, at the Ser side chain of the third position. In this study, we identified the genes encoding ghrelin and its receptor from the Schlegel's Japanese gecko <i>Gekko japonicus</i>. The C-terminal residue of gecko ghrelin was His, although the chemical synthesis method for the <i>O</i>-octanoyl peptide with a C-terminal His residue has not yet been well-established. Acyl-ghrelin has been synthesized using a Ser derivative without side chain protecting group in the solid-phase peptide synthesis, although this synthetic strategy has not yet been well-established. Here we show the efficient synthetic method with minimal side reactions, and <i>G. japonicus</i> ghrelin could be obtained in good yield. This would be useful and applicable to the synthesis of ghrelin from other animal species. The gecko ghrelin receptor was expressed in HEK 293 cells, which was fully responsive to the synthetic gecko ghrelin. These results indicate that the ghrelin system similar to mammals also exists in a reptilian gecko, <i>G. japonicus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Nkrumah Enninful, Rajesh Kuppusamy, Elvis K. Tiburu, Naresh Kumar, Mark D. P. Willcox
{"title":"Non-canonical amino acid bioincorporation into antimicrobial peptides and its challenges","authors":"George Nkrumah Enninful, Rajesh Kuppusamy, Elvis K. Tiburu, Naresh Kumar, Mark D. P. Willcox","doi":"10.1002/psc.3560","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rise of antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistant pathogens has necessitated explorations for novel antibiotic agents as the discovery of conventional antibiotics is becoming economically less viable and technically more challenging for biopharma. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising alternative because of their particular mode of action, broad spectrum and difficulty that microbes have in becoming resistant to them. The AMPs bacitracin, gramicidin, polymyxins and daptomycin are currently used clinically. However, their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, toxicity profile, and complexities in large-scale manufacture have hindered their development. To improve their proteolytic stability, methods such as integrating non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into their peptide sequence have been adopted, which also improves their potency and spectrum of action. The benefits of ncAA incorporation have been made possible by solid-phase peptide synthesis. However, this method is not always suitable for commercial production of AMPs because of poor yield, scale-up difficulties, and its non-‘green’ nature. Bioincorporation of ncAA as a method of integration is an emerging field geared towards tackling the challenges of solid-phase synthesis as a green, cheaper, and scalable alternative for commercialisation of AMPs. This review focusses on the bioincorporation of ncAAs; some challenges associated with the methods are outlined, and notes are given on how to overcome these challenges. The review focusses particularly on addressing two key challenges: AMP cytotoxicity towards microbial cell factories and the uptake of ncAAs that are unfavourable to them. Overcoming these challenges will draw us closer to a greater yield and an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to make AMPs more druggable.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/psc.3560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Pepanian, F. Ayberk Binbay, Dehua Pei, Diana Imhof
{"title":"Design, synthesis, and analysis of macrobicyclic peptides for targeting the Gαi protein","authors":"Anna Pepanian, F. Ayberk Binbay, Dehua Pei, Diana Imhof","doi":"10.1002/psc.3565","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bicyclic peptides are important chemical tools that can function, for example, as bioactive ligands switching on/off signaling pathways mediated by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins as bicycles are more broadly applicable. Despite their relevance in medicinal chemistry, the synthesis of such peptides is challenging, and the final yield is highly dependent on the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the scaffold. We recently discovered novel, state-specific peptide modulators targeting the Gαi protein, namely, GPM-2/GPM-3, by screening a one-bead-two-compound combinatorial library. A more detailed analysis, including sequence alignments and computer-assisted conformational studies based on the hit compounds, revealed the new peptide <b>10</b> as a potential macrobicyclic Gαi ligand sharing high sequence similarity to the known Gαi modulators. The Gαs protein was included in this study for comparison and to unravel the criteria for the specificity of modulator binding to Gαi versus Gαs. This work provides in-depth computer-assisted experimental studies for the analysis of novel macrobicyclic, library-derived Gαi protein ligands. The sequence and structural comparison of <b>10</b> with the lead compounds GPM-2 and GPM-3 reveals the importance of the size and amino acid composition of one ring of the bicyclic system and suggests features enhancing the binding affinity of the peptides to the Gαi protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/psc.3565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mischa Schüttel, Edward Will, Gontran Sangouard, Anne Zarda, Sevan Habeshian, Alexander L. Nielsen, Christian Heinis
{"title":"Solid-phase peptide synthesis in 384-well plates","authors":"Mischa Schüttel, Edward Will, Gontran Sangouard, Anne Zarda, Sevan Habeshian, Alexander L. Nielsen, Christian Heinis","doi":"10.1002/psc.3555","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Newer solid-phase peptide synthesis and release strategies enable the production of short peptides with high purity, allowing direct screening for desired bioactivity without prior chromatographic purification. However, the maximum number of peptides that can currently be synthesized per microplate reactor is 96, allowing the parallel synthesis of 384 peptides in modern devices that have space for 4 microplate reactors. To synthesize larger numbers of peptides, we modified a commercially available peptide synthesizer to enable the production of peptides in 384-well plates, which allows the synthesis of 1,536 peptides in one run (4 × 384 peptides). We report new hardware components and customized software that allowed for the synthesis of 1,536 short peptides in good quantity (average > 0.5 μmol), at high concentration (average > 10 mM), and decent purity without purification (average > 80%). The high-throughput peptide synthesis, which we developed with peptide drug development in mind, may be widely used for peptide library synthesis and screening, antibody epitope scanning, epitope mimetic development, or protease/kinase substrate screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reginald Young, Tiancheng Huang, Zijie Luo, Yaw Sing Tan, Amandeep Kaur, Yu Heng Lau
{"title":"Development of stapled NONO-associated peptides reveals unexpected cell permeability and nuclear localisation","authors":"Reginald Young, Tiancheng Huang, Zijie Luo, Yaw Sing Tan, Amandeep Kaur, Yu Heng Lau","doi":"10.1002/psc.3562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) is a nucleic acid-binding protein with diverse functions that has been identified as a potential cancer target in cell biology studies. Little is known about structural motifs that mediate binding to NONO apart from its ability to form homodimers, as well as heterodimers and oligomers with related homologues. We report a stapling approach to macrocyclise helical peptides derived from the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3) that NONO interacts with, and also from the dimerisation domain of NONO itself. Using a range of chemistries including Pd-catalysed cross-coupling, cysteine arylation and cysteine alkylation, we successfully improved the helicity and observed modest peptide binding to the NONO dimer, although binding could not be saturated at micromolar concentrations. Unexpectedly, we observed cell permeability and preferential nuclear localisation of various dye-labelled peptides in live confocal microscopy, indicating the potential for developing peptide-based tools to study NONO in a cellular context.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/psc.3562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification, synthesis, and characterization of an unprecedented N-(2-carboxyethyl) adduct impurity in an injectable ganirelix formulation","authors":"Rohit Jadav, Ramraj Kameriya, Saurav Chatterjee, Vinod Gour, Parva Purohit, Anupam Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1002/psc.3564","DOIUrl":"10.1002/psc.3564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ganirelix, a peptide-based drug used to treat female infertility, has been in high market demand, which attracted generic formulation. A hitherto unknown impurity of ganirelix was observed in our formulation process, which reached ~0.3% in 6 months and led to a detailed investigation of its structure. In-depth analysis of ESI-MS/MS data of this impurity coupled with an artificial intelligence prediction tool led to a highly unusual putative structure, that is, <i>N</i>-(2-carboxyethyl)-ganirelix (<sup>N</sup>CE-GA), which was authenticated by chemical synthesis from ganirelix and NMR analysis and via corroborated HPLC and MS/MS data with the formulation-derived impurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16946,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peptide Science","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}