ICCT Research Paper最新文献

Evolution of Jihadism in Finland 圣战主义在芬兰的演变

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.19165/2021.1.06

Leena Malkki, J. Saarinen

引用次数: 0

Swiping Right : the Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys 向右滑动:加入骄傲男孩行列的男人的超级男子气概和神秘法西斯主义的诱惑

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.19165/2020.1.03

Samantha Kutner

{"title":"Swiping Right : the Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys","authors":"Samantha Kutner","doi":"10.19165/2020.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2020.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative, interdisciplinary study explores the narratives of Proud Boys members. The Proud Boys are a right-wing extremist organization with chapters in America and Europe. Since the group’s inception in 2016, several members—including Jason Kessler, Austin Gillespie, and Kyle Chapman, Jovi Val, Tim Gionet, and Jason Lee Van Dyke—have joined or attempted to join more violent, more openly antisemitic right-wing movements. In the Pacific Northwest, Proud Boys have marched with Patriot Prayer—an extremist group created by former Proud Boy Joey Gibson. This and other evidence suggest the group functions as a radicalisation vector. Members deny this possibility, which leaves much to be explored. Asynchronous, semi-structured ethnographic interviews with Proud Boy members (n =17), were conducted in private online messaging systems. A Rogerian interviewing approach was used to diffuse hostility towards outsiders and facilitate dialogue. Self-categorization theory informed the interview question structure. Primary source data explored pull factors of becoming a member, shared precarity, the group’s ties between radical movements, and the core ideology behind Proud Boys’ libertarian ethos. Because little is known about the group, a grounded theory approach was used to explore themes surrounding joining.","PeriodicalId":169248,"journal":{"name":"ICCT Research Paper","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134254968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Le Silence des Agneaux: France’s War Against ‘Jihadist Groups’ and Associated Legal Rationale 《沉默的战争:法国对“圣战组织”的战争和相关的法律依据

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 2020-05-15 DOI: 10.19165/2020.1.02

Rebecca Mignot-Mahdavi

{"title":"Le Silence des Agneaux: France’s War Against ‘Jihadist Groups’ and Associated Legal Rationale","authors":"Rebecca Mignot-Mahdavi","doi":"10.19165/2020.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2020.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"\"Silence is deceitful. While France has not publicly articulated a legal framework for its war on terror, its silence should not be taken for the absence of a well-defined military strategy and corresponding legal rationale. While the geographical and temporal scope of the United States’ war on terror has been highly debated from a legal point of view and led the US to develop extensive interpretations of the laws regulating the use of force, France’s military strategy remains largely underexplored by lawyers. This contribution brings to light that France frames its involvement in foreign territories as part of a unique war against jihadist groups, going a step further to the US’ war against “Al-Qaeda and associated forces”. Because France claims to fight against terrorism in the respect of international law, but without providing its interpretation of it in detail, identifying its military strategy allows me to determine what legal interpretations such strategy implies to embrace. These interpretations are much closer to the US’ than anyone would admit. The paper outlines the relevant legal standards applicable to the situations of use of force against terrorist groups and focuses on France, in an attempt to force the conversation on what it has been doing in the Sahel region, and following which legal interpretations of the norms regulating the use of force\"","PeriodicalId":169248,"journal":{"name":"ICCT Research Paper","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114649747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A comparative research study on radical and extremist (hate) speakers in European Member States 欧洲成员国激进和极端(仇恨)言论者的比较研究

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.19165/2019.1.09

Rumyana van Ark, B. Boutin, C. Paulussen

{"title":"A comparative research study on radical and extremist (hate) speakers in European Member States","authors":"Rumyana van Ark, B. Boutin, C. Paulussen","doi":"10.19165/2019.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2019.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the proliferation of extremist hate speech in Europe in recent years, legislative provisions have been enacted that inevitably resulted in potentially substantial limitations on the right to freedom of speech. A number of individuals have been subjected to onerous administrative measures in relation to their speech – sometimes after a criminal conviction, sometimes in the absence of criminal law action. Thus, the question of proportionality has inevitably arisen – to what extent can a state legitimately and justifiably restrict the right to freedom of expression in the interests of national security? To put it differently, in respecting its broader social obligation to ensure and preserve security, how much should a state qualify the right to freedom of expression? In addressing these questions, this comparative report will first outline in more detail the applicable international and regional legal obligations and relevant case law in Sections 1 and 2 respectively. Section 3 will focus on the following countries – Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France and the United Kingdom – with particular emphasis on domestic legislative provisions, jurisprudence and national strategies specifically adopted to respond to the risks posed by extreme speakers. It should be noted at the outset that the United Kingdom has legislated against extreme and radical speech within its counter-terrorism legislation. The report will conclude a list of conclusions and closing remarks based on the impact of these domestic practices and legal responses on the right to freedom of expression.","PeriodicalId":169248,"journal":{"name":"ICCT Research Paper","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115797074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding Dutch converts to Islam: On turbulent trajectories and (non-) involvement in jihadist movements 了解荷兰人皈依伊斯兰教:关于动荡的轨迹和(非)参与圣战运动

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.19165/2019.1.07

F. Geelhoed, R. Staring, B. Schuurman

{"title":"Understanding Dutch converts to Islam: On turbulent trajectories and (non-) involvement in jihadist movements","authors":"F. Geelhoed, R. Staring, B. Schuurman","doi":"10.19165/2019.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2019.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"\"This study focuses on increasing our understanding of the different pathways converts take during conversion to Islam. It looks specifically at the following research question: “How do the pathways of converts involved in jihadist movements differ from those of converts who are not, in terms of their life prior to Islam, their conversion experience and the form of involvement with the Islamic community after conversion?” This question is addressed using semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of 26 Dutch converts to Islam. Results show that there are many similarities, yet also some differences in the pre-conversion lives of the converts we studied, in how they experienced the conversion itself and their involvement with Islamic communities after their conversion. The differences we found, emerged largely from how the respondents shaped and experienced their lives as Muslims. Here we noted not just the important role of the social milieu in which the converts find themselves, and how their surroundings react to their new identities, but also the influence of their own agency in terms of their reactions (or lack thereof) to perceived injustice and their efforts at self-study. Importantly, our study also highlights the fluidity and heterogeneity of the post-conversion experience. Just as Muslims should not be seen as a homogenous group, so too should care be taken to realise that converts’ outlook on their religion can and does change over time, sometimes showing quite dramatic fluctuations from Salafi-Jihadist to non-believer. We hope that our study provides insights into conversion to Islam in general, that it helps address why some converts become involved with jihadist movements, but also that it underlines the importance of treating converts to Islam not as a potential security threat, but as a diverse group of individuals with different and evolving perceptions of their religion and their roles within it\"","PeriodicalId":169248,"journal":{"name":"ICCT Research Paper","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115261197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Branding a Caliphate in Decline: The Islamic State’s Video Output (2015-2018) 没落的哈里发:伊斯兰国的视频输出(2015-2018)

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.19165/2019.1.04

P. Nanninga

引用次数: 7

A Comparative Analysis of the Data on Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Who Went and Why? 西方外国武装分子在叙利亚和伊拉克的数据比较分析:谁去了，为什么去?

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.19165/2021.1.02

L. Dawson

引用次数: 7

Right-Wing Extremism in the Military 军队中的右翼极端主义

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.19165/2022.1.02

T.W. van Dongen, Y. Veilleux-Lepage, E. Leidig, Hanna Rigault Harkis

{"title":"Right-Wing Extremism in the Military","authors":"T.W. van Dongen, Y. Veilleux-Lepage, E. Leidig, Hanna Rigault Harkis","doi":"10.19165/2022.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2022.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper seeks to examine the nature of the nexus between right-wing extremism and the military by surveying five potential consequences (i.e., problem areas) arising from the presence of right-wing extremists within the armed forces of twelve Western countries. The five problem areas identified are military personnel: 1) committing right-wing extremist violence; 2) facilitating right-wing extremist violence by organisations; 3) perpetuating ideologically motivated hate crimes or violation of procedures and rules of engagement while on deployment; 4) hampering military diversity and inclusion efforts with activities and behaviours; and 5) undermining civilian control over the military. Based on a systematic review of five years of news media articles and government reports from 2017-2021, we find that for most problem areas the worst conceivable manifestations have thus far not (yet) materialised. Further, activities of military personnel with right-wing extremist leanings were not more dangerous as a result of their military background. Overall, the nature of the nexus between right-wing extremism and the military was vastly different amongst the countries in our study, with Germany and the US appearing to be the most heavily affected. The mapping of this threat serves as a basis for informing policymakers of the various scenarios and appropriate responses to counter right-wing extremism within the military.","PeriodicalId":169248,"journal":{"name":"ICCT Research Paper","volume":"1 15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127980334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Practitioner's Guide to the Galaxy - A Comparison of Risk Assessment Tools for Violent Extremism 《银河系实践者指南-暴力极端主义风险评估工具比较》

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.19165/2019.1.08

Liesbeth van der Heide, M. van der Zwan, Marteen van Leyenhorst

引用次数: 3

Providing Psychological Care to Child Soldiers Living in Post-IS Iraq 为生活在后is伊拉克的儿童兵提供心理护理

ICCT Research Paper Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.19165/2019.1.05

Jan Ilhan Kizilhan

{"title":"Providing Psychological Care to Child Soldiers Living in Post-IS Iraq","authors":"Jan Ilhan Kizilhan","doi":"10.19165/2019.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19165/2019.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"\"When troops of the self-proclaimed “Islamic State” conquered areas of northern Iraq in August 2014, they turned against the religious minorities in the region, particularly against the Yazidis, with extreme brutality. Many men were executed; women and children were kidnapped and often systematically raped. IS specifically targeted children and adolescents, who were torn away from their families to be trained as child soldiers. This involved religious indoctrination on a daily basis and intimidation combined with weapons training. By means of force their personality and identity were changed until they were made compliant. Following the liberation from IS terror, former child soldiers are especially vulnerable to developing post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. They need long-term psychosocial support to cope with their trauma and mitigate any potential threat they may pose. This policy brief focuses on the situation of children and adolescents living in post-IS Iraq and underlines the need for better psychosocial care for these people in order to allow them to cope with the mid and long-term consequences of the violence they were exposed to. Further, the psychological stress of child soldiers, possible dangers that can be caused by them, and recommendations for psychosocial care are shown.\"","PeriodicalId":169248,"journal":{"name":"ICCT Research Paper","volume":"477 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125192627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0