Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"The Diabetogenic Effect of Statin Use May Interact With Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Jong Hyun Park, Kyutaek Lim, Jooyeon Lee, Yong Jin Gil, Joohon Sung","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Statins are essential in the prevention of cardiovascular disease; however, their association with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk is concerning. We examined whether genetic susceptibility to T2DM modifies the association between regular statin use and T2DM risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 447,176 individuals from the UK Biobank without baseline diabetes or major cardiovascular disease. Statin use was recorded at baseline, and T2DM incidence was determined using clinical records. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for T2DM risk were provided by the UK Biobank. Using propensity scores adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities, 14,831 statin users were matched with 37,060 non-users. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the interaction effect of statin use and PRS on T2DM incidence, adjusting for key confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the propensity-matched cohort, 3,675 of 51,891 participants developed T2DM over a mean follow-up period of 13.7 years. Within the top 5% of the PRS distribution, per 1,000 person-years, the incidence of T2DM was 15.42 for statin users versus 12.18 for non-users. Among the lowest 5%, the incidence was 1.9 for statin users and 1.65 for non-users. Based on the Cox proportional hazards model, regular statin use was associated with a 1.239-fold increased T2DM risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.152 to 1.333). Furthermore, PGS exhibited a significant multiplicative interaction with regular statin use (odds ratio, 1.102; 95% CI, 1.024 to 1.186).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PRS may help identify individuals particularly susceptible to the diabetogenic effects of statins, providing a potential path for personalized cardiovascular disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Gender and Household Area with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior During Total and Partial COVID-19 Lockdowns in Chile: A Study in Adults Aged 18-44 Years.","authors":"Jairo Vanegas-López, Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas, Gabriel Marzuca-Nassr, Claudio Muñoz-Poblete, Gonzalo Quiroz-Sandoval, Juan Silva-Urra, Andres Orellana-Uribe, Sebastian Dubó, Ignacio Sepúlveda-Carra, José Luis Márquez","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic led to various intensities of lockdowns, affecting lifestyles globally. This study investigates the impact of partial versus total lockdown on adult physical activity and sedentary behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April to October 2020, with 493 participants included in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed no significant differences in total physical activity or total sitting time between partial and total lockdown scenarios. However, moderate physical activity significantly decreased during total lockdowns, with more pronounced reductions among females than males. Notably, a positive correlation was found between household area and moderate physical activity, suggesting that larger living spaces may encourage more physical activity. A negative correlation was observed between sitting time and moderate physical activity during both types of lockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Total lockdown conditions were associated with a significant decrease in moderate physical activity, highlighting gender disparities in physical activity responses. Living space size emerged as a crucial factor in maintaining physical activity levels during restricted conditions. This study emphasizes the need to consider environmental and demographic factors in public health strategies during prolonged periods of restricted movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Sources, and Correlates of Second-hand Smoke Exposure Among Non-smoking Pregnant Women in India.","authors":"Farheen Ahmed, Nilesh Gawde, Sulabha Parasuraman","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is a proven risk factor for negativeadverse health outcomes, especiallyparticularly among pregnant women. This study aimsaimed to address the research gap onconcerning the prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at home and outsidein public settings among non-smoking pregnant women in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The dataset offrom the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) (2016-2017), India, was usedutilised to determineevaluate the prevalence of SHS exposuresexposure in pregnant women both at home and outside.in public spaces. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was usedemployed to identify the determinants of SHS exposure among pregnant women. this population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of SHS exposure in theat home was 37% and %, while exposure outside the home was 27%. 10% of allAmong non-smokersmoking pregnant women, 10% were exposed to SHS inon public transport. The risk of SHS exposure in theat home was significantly higher forin the North (AOR-=5.33:; 95% CI-, 2.45-11.60), Central (AOR-=4.46; 95% CI-, 1.98-10.02)), and North-East (AOR-=4.18; 95% CI-, 1.78-9.81) regions compared to the South. Pregnant women aged 25-34 (AOR-=0.61; 95% CI-, 0.39-0.93) and those aged 35 and above (AOR-=0.48; 95% CI-, 0.27-0.86), as well as those with secondary (AOR-=0.50; 95% CI-, 0.30-0.85) or higher education (AOR-=0.30; 95% CI-, 0.15-0.58)), had lower odds of SHS exposuresexposure at home. For SHS exposure outside homes,the home, the North region (AOR-=2.53; 95% CI-, 1.19-5.36), employment status (AOR-=1.99; 95% CI-, 1.13-3.47), and belonging to scheduled tribes (AOR-=3.20; 95% CI-, 1.25-8.21) had were associated with higher odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of SHS exposure among pregnant non-smoking women was high at home as well as outside. SHS exposure at home was significantly associated with age, education, and region. SHS exposure outside homes was significantly associated with employment status, scheduled tribe, and regionnotably high both at home and in external environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Quality of Life among Older Residents in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: An Approach Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.","authors":"Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Chutima Jalayondeja, Wattana Jalayondeja, Yusuf Alam Romadhon","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding health and quality of life (QoL) in older adults in both rural and urban settings, each presenting unique advantages and challenges. This study aimed to explore the relationship between factors based on the ICF model and QoL among older residents of these areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 286 older adults aged 60 years or older from rural and urban areas of Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The WHOQoL-BREF was utilized to assess QoL. The co-factors included personal factors, impairments, and activity limitations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that lower limb muscle strength was the most significant factor associated with QoL in older adults in rural areas (B=0.681, standard error [SE]=0.301, p=0.026), followed by static balance (B=0.085, SE=0.034, p=0.014). In urban areas, gender emerged as the most significant factor influencing QoL (B=-13.643, SE=2.499, p<0.001), followed by hemoglobin level (B=-1.847, SE=0.760, p=0.017), age (B=-0.935, SE=0.246, p<0.001), and cognitive function (B=0.493, SE=0.179, p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Efforts to improve QoL for older adults in rural areas should focus on enhance physical performance through exercise. In urban areas, the maintenance of QoL is influenced by personal factors. It is crucial to address physical performance through exercise to enhance QoL in rural settings. Meanwhile, focusing on mental health, financial security, and social connections is recommended to improve QoL for older adults in urban areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Student-led Community Health Screenings on Clients' Health Knowledge and Outcomes: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Jia Rong Yap, Wendy Wenming Zhai, Cindy Seunghee Pak, Sharon Brownie","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the impact of community health screenings (CHS) on the Asian community, focussing on the role of a student-led health and wellness centre in promoting and improving health outcomes. The CHS is a collaboration between Te Kotahi Oranga | Health and Wellness Centre and The Asian Network Incorporated, offering free health screenings to Asian migrants in the Waikato region, New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing a qualitative approach, we interviewed clients who participated in the CHS to determine their perceptions regarding the effectiveness of the programme, its influence on their health knowledge and actions, and their overall satisfaction with the service. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used to report the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis utilising reflexive thematic analysis yielded 5 themes: satisfaction and appreciation for the free health screening; strengthened commitment to better personal health; barriers and challenges in accessing public healthcare services; improved knowledge and awareness of health risks; and provision of more health screening tests and health seminars. The findings highlight the significance of culturally tailored health initiatives in addressing healthcare disparities, emphasising the need for innovative strategies to ensure continuity of care and support for underserved populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research contributes to the understanding of how student-led health interventions can enhance public health efforts and improve health outcomes in Asian and migrant communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure Among E-waste Workers and Community-dwelling Adults in Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Chonyitree Sangwijit, Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Kraiwuth Kallawicha, Pallop Siewchaisakul","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Global concern is increasing about the health effects of electronic waste (e-waste). This study examines the health impacts of heavy metal (HM) exposure among e-waste workers (EWWs) and community-dwelling adults (CDAs) in Northeastern Thailand and identifies factors associated with adverse health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted of 164 EWWs and 164 CDAs. A survey was employed to collect data on participant characteristics, symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Urine samples were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors impacting health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all participants, urinary Pb and Cd levels ranged from 5.30 to 29.50 µg/g creatinine and from 0.60 to 4.00 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The most frequently reported health issues pertained to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at 38.70%, central nervous system (CNS) issues at 36.60%, and skin disorders at 31.10%. Multivariable analysis indicated that the presence of MSDs was significantly associated with exposure to Pb and Cd. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) was significantly linked to CNS problems, while body mass index was significantly related to skin disorders. Factors including primary education level or below, smoking, cleaning the house more than 3 times weekly, and PSQ were significantly linked to depression. Anxiety was significantly associated with PSQ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Environmental exposure to Pb and Cd can have adverse health impacts in the form of MSDs. Depression and anxiety are common conditions among CDAs. Public health officials should monitor HM exposure and mental health within the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication-related Burden and Experience With Medications in Indonesian Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: A Mixed-method Study.","authors":"Yeni Farida, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, Tri Murti Andayani, Probosuseno Probosuseno","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored the specific medication-related burdens experienced by older adults with chronic disease and the contributing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory mixed-method study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. Combining the Indonesian version of the Living with Medicine Questionnaire (LMQ) and semi-structured interviews allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the medication-related burden. Differences in LMQ scores related to patient characteristics were analyzed using the t-test, F-test, or other alternatives. Quantitative and qualitative data triangulation was used to derive trustworthy and dependable results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall LMQ mean score was 90.4 (n=129), indicating a moderate burden. The average LMQ scores varied significantly based on the number of medications, treatment duration, and the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and stroke. The qualitative study found 3 themes in the chronic medication use of older adults: experiences, challenges, and motivation. Despite their limited understanding of a medication's name and indication, some patients managed their medications based on the physical look and packaging of the medication. The study also found that patient motivation and familial support could effectively counteract the fatigue and dissatisfaction associated with taking medication.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults with chronic diseases faced medication-related burdens associated with the presence of CVD, DM, stroke, a treatment duration >5 years, and the use of >10 medications. Effective communication with healthcare professionals is required to understand patients' needs and concerns, thereby helping manage the challenges of medication-related burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Data Linkage Methods to Investigate Healthcare Interactions in Individuals Who Self-harm and Die by Suicide: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ferdi W. Djajadisastra","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.448","DOIUrl":"10.3961/jpmph.24.448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this review, the primary objective was to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the themes and findings of studies that used data linkage methods to examine the healthcare engagement of individuals with self-harming and suicidal tendencies. Additionally, the review sought to identify gaps in the existing literature and suggest directions for future research in this area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review utilized the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Employing a scoping review methodology, 27 papers were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One particularly common data source is the routine information collected by government agencies. However, some studies augment this information with newly collected data. Compared to other research methods, data linkage has the advantage of incorporating participants from diverse backgrounds into the analysis. Most relevant studies employing data linkage methods have focused primarily on identifying sociodemographic correlates of self-harm, suicide deaths, and healthcare interactions. Additionally, cluster analysis has been used in certain studies to identify patterns of healthcare utilization within affected populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Data linkage offers a promising approach for researching self-harm and suicide. A notable challenge, however, is the focus of most studies on the associations between sociodemographic factors and the risks of self-harm and suicide. Integrating government datasets with data from recent studies, as well as fostering collaboration between researchers and government agencies to identify necessary data for routine administrative records, could help address these constraints. Despite its limitations, data linkage can reveal useful patterns in the interactions between individuals who self-harm or die by suicide and the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Church Leaders' Health Behaviors and Program Implementation in the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition Program.","authors":"Kelsey Day, Sara Wilcox, Lindsay Decker, John Bernhart, Meghan Baruth, Andrew Kaczynski, Christine Pellegrini","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Church leaders are important to the success of faith-based health promotion interventions through the role modeling of health behaviors. However, clergy may be at a higher risk of chronic disease than their congregants and their health is understudied. This study examined church leaders' health-related behaviors, differences in health behaviors by sociodemographic characteristics, and associations between health behaviors and church-level implementation of an ecological intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pastors (n=93) and church coordinators (n=92) reported body mass index (BMI), self-rated health, fruit and vegetable consumption (F&V), and physical activity (PA) at baseline and 12 months post-training in the intervention. Church coordinators reported program implementation for their church. Sociodemographic differences and associations between changes in health behaviors and program implementation were tested with regression models. Changes in health-related variables were examined using paired t-tests and McNemar's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pastors (41% women, 42% Black/African American) had a mean BMI of 30 kg/m2; 45% met F&V guidelines and 24% met PA guidelines. Black/African American pastors were less likely to meet F&V guidelines and had lower self-rated health than their counterparts. Pastor PA improved over time, but pastor health behaviors were not associated with program implementation. Church coordinators' (95% women, 39% Black/African American) mean BMI was 28 kg/m2; 27% met F&V guidelines and 63% met PA guidelines. Black/African American church coordinators had higher BMIs and lower self-rated health than their counterparts. Church coordinator F&V intake improved over time; self-rated health was positively associated with PA program implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the need for preventive interventions for church leaders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of an Assessment Instrument for Behavior Toward Hypoglycemia Risk Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia.","authors":"Putu Rika Veryanti, Rani Sauriasari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Berna Elya, Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.24.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patients' behavior toward the risk of hypoglycemia through self-assessment. Insufficient education and supervision of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients by healthcare providers is a significant concern, affecting their behavior during the treatment process. Additionally, inappropriate behavior typically increases the risk of hypoglycemia. To mitigate this risk, several studies have recommended evaluating patients' behavior, necessitating the development of a new instrument.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study procedures were conducted in 3 stages: instrument development (face and content validity, stage I), construct validity and reliability test (stage II), and criterion validity (stage III). Stage I involved 5 healthcare practitioners, including internal medicine doctors, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists in hospitals and community health centers. Stage II included 20 respondents using a 1-shot test method. Stage III involved 237 type 2 DM outpatients at Central General Hospital (RSUP) in Jakarta, employing a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that the developed instrument was valid and reliable, comprising 9 domains (29 questions). These domains included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Furthermore, poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these results, the developed instrument could be effectively used to evaluate behavior toward hypoglycemia among type 2 DM outpatients, confirming its validity and reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}