Journal of Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"Kinetically Controlled Seeded Living Supramolecular Polymerization of Tb(III) Complex","authors":"Minkyeong Hwang,&nbsp;Seol-A Lim,&nbsp;Yumi Park,&nbsp;Sung Ho Jung,&nbsp;Jong Hwa Jung","doi":"10.1002/pol.20240849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20240849","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe the synthesis of metallosupramolecular polymers using a Tb³⁺ complex as a primary building block. This synthesis is facilitated through the strategic manipulation of non-equilibrium self-assemblies, employing a living supramolecular polymerization method. Our extensive investigation into the metallosupramolecular polymerizations, which are both thermodynamically and kinetically regulated and centered around the Tb³⁺ complex with bisterpyridine-modified ligand (<b><i>R</i>-L</b>\u0000 ^{\u0000 <b>1</b>\u0000}) incorporating <i>R</i>-alanine units, revealed noteworthy properties. These complexes initially form kinetically metastable aggregates, characterized by a coordination number of nine. This structure involves one Tb³⁺ cation and three NO₃⁻ anions at one terpyridine moiety, while the opposite terpyridine moiety remains unoccupied. Intriguingly, these aggregates can transition into a thermodynamically more stable state, also characterized by a nine-coordination number. In this state, each of the two terpyridine units is coordinated with one Tb³⁺ cation and three NO₃⁻ anions, respectively. This transformative process is expedited by seed-induced living polymerization. Therefore, we have successfully executed the seeded living supramolecular polymerization of the monomeric building unit under kinetically controlled conditions. This process yielded a metallosupramolecular polymer with a precisely regulated length and minimal polydispersity, demonstrating the potential of this approach in the design of advanced functional materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1381-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Micro-Crosslinked Poly(L-Lactic Acid) With Flexible, Anti-Aging, and Barrier Properties by In Situ Polymerization of Graphene Oxide","authors":"Jiatao Zhang,&nbsp;Tungalag Dong,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jia Guo,&nbsp;Yulu Li,&nbsp;Xueyan Yun","doi":"10.1002/pol.20241069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20241069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is biocompatible and degradable, its inherent brittleness, susceptibility to aging, low ultraviolet light (UV) resistance, and moderate gas barrier properties limit its diverse applications. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was used as an initiator, unsaturated poly (butylene itaconate) (PBI) was used as a flexible chain segment, and GO-grafted P(LA-<i>g</i>-BI) (GO-<i>g</i>-PLBI) copolymer was synthesized by in situ melt polycondensation of lactic acid. Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the successful synthesis of GO-g-PLBI and the formation of a multi-branched structure. The GO-<i>g</i>-PLBI film demonstrated excellent ductility and oxygen barrier properties, with elongation at break increased by 73.8 times compared with PLLA, while oxygen permeability (OP) decreased by 40.3%. The incorporation of PBI facilitated micro-crosslinking within the copolymer, thereby enhancing its thermal stability. More gg and gt conformations were formed in the copolymer, while the crystallization of the copolymer induced by aging was inhibited, thus showing excellent anti-aging properties. Interestingly, the OP value of this micro-crosslinked GO-g-PLBI film decreased by 60.9% after physical aging, demonstrating extremely high oxygen barrier properties. This study offers a viable approach to developing PLLA/graphene nanocomposites that exhibit adjustable flexibility, enhanced oxygen barrier, heat and UV resistance, anti-aging properties, and high transparency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1365-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile Preparation of Poly(AA-co-NaAMPS) Hydrogels Toward Toxic Dyes and Heavy Metals Removal via Frontal Polymerization","authors":"Xiao-Ming Zhang,&nbsp;Qiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jiangang Gao,&nbsp;Xiang-Yun Du","doi":"10.1002/pol.20241124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20241124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wastewater treatment contributes to the sustainable utilization of water resources for alleviating water scarcity. The application of polymeric materials as adsorbents for eliminating hazardous substances in water has garnered extensive attention owing to their remarkable adsorption efficiency, stability, and selectivity. Herein, a facile strategy is provided to rapidly synthesize poly(acrylic acid-<i>co</i>-sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate) (poly(AA-<i>co</i>-NaAMPS)) hydrogels with exceptional adsorptive capacity via frontal polymerization (FP). The FP processes are meticulously examined in terms of initiator dosage and monomer ratio. The as-prepared hydrogels demonstrate pH-responsive swelling ability and pH-dependent adsorption capacity for various dyes and heavy metal ions. Compared with traditional batch polymerization (BP), the hydrogels prepared by FP exhibit superior swelling and adsorption abilities. Additionally, research on the adsorption mechanism for both dyes and heavy metal ions is conducted by fitting the adsorption kinetic data both with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The maximum adsorption capacity (<i>q</i>\u0000 _{\u0000 <i>m</i>\u0000}) of hydrogels derived from Langmuir model for dyes of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) is, respectively, 595.3 and 3078.5 mg g⁻¹, while for heavy metal ions of Cr³⁺ and Cd²⁺ is, respectively, 1010.8 and 1191.3 mg g⁻¹. This research exploits an alternative approach for the rapid preparation of high-efficiency hydrogel adsorbents toward wastewater treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1352-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Degradation of Vinyl Copolymers Based on Lipoic Acid","authors":"Yoichi Okayama,&nbsp;Parker Morris,&nbsp;Kaitlin Albanese,&nbsp;Sarah Olsen,&nbsp;Atsunori Mori,&nbsp;Javier Read de Alaniz,&nbsp;Christopher M. Bates,&nbsp;Craig J. Hawker","doi":"10.1002/pol.20241085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20241085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The introduction of degradable units into the backbone of commodity vinyl polymers represents a major opportunity to address the societal challenge of plastic waste and polymer recycling. Previously, we reported the facile copolymerization of <i>α</i>-lipoic acid derivatives containing 1,2-dithiolane rings with vinyl monomers leading to the incorporation of degradable S–S disulfide bonds along the backbone at relatively high dithiolane monomer feed ratios. To further enhance the recyclability of these systems, here we describe a facile and user-friendly strategy for backbone degradation at significantly lower dithiolane loading levels through cleavage of both S<span></span>S and S<span></span>C backbone units. Copolymers of <i>n</i>-butyl acrylate (<i>n</i>BA) or styrene (St) with small amounts of either <i>α</i>-lipoic acid (LA) or ethyl lipoate (ELp) dissolved in DMF were observed to undergo efficient degradation when heated at 100°C under air. For example, at only 5 mol% ELp, a high molecular weight poly(ELp-<i>co</i>-<i>n</i>BA) (<i>M</i>\u0000 _{\u0000 <i>n</i>\u0000} = 62 kg mol⁻¹) degraded to low molecular weight oligomers (<i>M</i>\u0000 _{\u0000 <i>n</i>\u0000} = 3.2 kg mol⁻¹) by simple heating in DMF. In contrast, extended heating of either poly(<i>n</i>BA) or poly(St) homopolymers under the same conditions did not lead to any change in molecular weight or cleavage of the C–C backbone. This novel approach allows for the effective degradation of vinyl-based polymers with negligible impact on properties and performance due to the low levels of dithiolane incorporation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1345-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20241085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative Design of Thermoset Shape Memory Polymers Driven by Chemical Group: A Conditional Variational Autoencoder Approach","authors":"Borun Das,&nbsp;Andrew Peters,&nbsp;Guoqiang Li,&nbsp;Xiali Hei","doi":"10.1002/pol.20240649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20240649","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The discovery of novel thermoset shape memory polymers (TSMPs) for additive manufacturing can be accelerated through the use of a deep-generative algorithm, minimizing the need for laborious traditional laboratory experiments. This study is the first to introduce an innovative approach that uses a deep generative learning model, namely the conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE), to discover novel TSMPs with lower glass transition temperature (<span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <annotation>$$ {T}_g $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics>\u0000 </math>) and high recovery stress values (<span></span><math>\u0000 \u0000 <semantics>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>r</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <annotation>$$ {E}_r $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics>\u0000 </math>). In this study, specific chemical groups, such as epoxy, amine, thiol, and vinyl, are integrated as constraints to generate novel TSMPs while preserving the essential reaction properties. To address the challenges posed by a small dataset, the CVAE model is used with graph-extracted features. Unlike previous studies focused on single-polymer systems, this research extends to two-monomer samples, discovering 22 novel TSMPs. This approach has practical implications in additive manufacturing, biomedical devices, aerospace, and robotics for the discovery of novel samples from limited data.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1334-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH and ROS Dual-Responsive Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Based on Boronic Ester Linkage for Efficient PTX Delivery","authors":"Sunqi Yu,&nbsp;Siyuan Chen,&nbsp;Tianrui Tong,&nbsp;Yunfeng Yan,&nbsp;Qi Shuai","doi":"10.1002/pol.20241133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20241133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Micelle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as a promising solution to address challenges associated with the in vivo delivery of hydrophobic anticancer chemotherapeutics. However, micelles still encounter issues such as drug pre-leakage and poor stability in physiological conditions. To overcome these limitations, we developed a core-cross-linking strategy utilizing amphiphilic copolymers, mPEG-<i>b-</i>P(AVL-<i>co</i>-LA) (mPPAL), functionalized with phenylboronic acid (PBA), and catechol by CuAAc “click” chemistry, respectively. These copolymers self-assembled into core-cross-linked micelles (CLMs), featuring boronic ester bonds, which were characterized through a series of evaluations. The CLMs exhibited a rational particle size, uniform morphology, low critical micelle concentration (CMC), high PTX loading capacity, and excellent stability. Two promising micelles, CLM1 and CLM3, were identified, and their responsiveness to acidic pH and elevated levels of ROS was confirmed to enable controlled PTX release. The results of MTT assay and hemolytic analysis demonstrated high biocompatibility and potential in vivo application of these selected CLMs. The anticancer efficacy of the selected PTX-CLMs was further validated through MTT assay and 3D tumor spheroid studies. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated rapid intracellular uptake of the CLMs. In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated successful accumulation in the targeted tumor tissue. These findings suggest that the boronic ester-based CLMs developed in this study are a promising nanocarrier for effective PTX delivery.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1319-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copolymer Synthesis of N-Vinylacetamide and 2-Methylene-1,3-Dioxepane Provides a New Degradable Polymer","authors":"Mukmin Sapto Pamungkas,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Ando,&nbsp;Hiroharu Ajiro","doi":"10.1002/pol.20240935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20240935","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <i>N-</i>vinylamides, especially noncyclic <i>N-</i>vinylacetamide (NVA), have been used in various applications such as biomaterials, surfactants, and hydrogels. However, their potential to copolymerize with cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) to create degradable polymers is underexplored. Much research has been done on 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), a seven-membered CKA, and its ability to introduce ester groups into copolymers. It also demonstrates a higher propensity for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) than its six- and five-membered analogs. This research employs radical ring-opening polymerization to synthesize poly(NVA-<i>co</i>-MDO) copolymers, which incorporate ester units in their backbone. We have successfully synthesized a degradable copolymer of poly(NVA-<i>co</i>-MDO) with 9.5% MDO incorporated into the copolymer using a free radical initiator, 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) at 60°C for 15 min in bulk polymerization. The resulting copolymers exhibit degradation under alkaline conditions, making them a promising candidate for environmentally friendly materials. This work represents a step forward in developing degradable polymers with potential in biomedical and industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1306-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20240935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Simplified FeCl3-Assisted Copolymerization and Doping for Organic Thermoelectrics","authors":"Hyeokjun Kim,&nbsp;Taek Seong Lee,&nbsp;Haeseong Kim,&nbsp;Jiyoung Shin,&nbsp;Jisu Baek,&nbsp;Jaeyoung Jang,&nbsp;In Hwan Jung","doi":"10.1002/pol.20241058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20241058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The FeCl₃ is a well-known oxidizing agent for oxidative polymerization as well as a p-type dopant for making conducting polymers, but no studies have yet explored the simultaneous use of FeCl₃ for both polymerization and doping of organic soluble conjugated polymers (CPs) in organic thermoelectric (OTE) applications. In this study, soluble 4<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[2,1-<i>b</i>:3,4-<i>b</i>′]dithiophene (CPDT)-<i>co</i>-3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene (EDOT) polymers were successfully synthesized via a simple FeCl₃-assisted oxidative coupling reaction at room temperature. In addition, FeCl₃ doping of the synthesized polymers enabled them to exhibit thermoelectric properties. The addition of 10% ~ 20% EDOT in a polymer chain gave a synergetic effect on the electrical conductivity and power factor (PF) in the OTE devices. In that ratio, the strong electron-donating EDOT facilitates doping in the CPs, and the planar CPDT backbones stabilize the generated polaron/bipolaron species through efficient π-electron delocalization, resulting in the highest electrical conductivity. At the optimal EDOT ratio of 20%, a more than 10-fold enhancement in PFs was achieved reaching up to 0.182 ± 0.021 <i>μ</i>W m⁻¹ K⁻². The EDOT moiety, except in PEDOT:PSS, is rarely found in conjugated copolymers, but its proper incorporation is expected to enhance thermoelectric properties of the organic soluble CPs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1297-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Poly(Itaconate)s With High Monomer Conversion Applying Emulsion Polymerization","authors":"S. Charlotte Fischer von Mollard,&nbsp;Nico Ueberschaar,&nbsp;Martin Schreiber,&nbsp;Frank Kamphuis,&nbsp;Stefan Zechel,&nbsp;Martin D. Hager","doi":"10.1002/pol.20240414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20240414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Itaconic acid and its derivatives can be obtained from renewable feedstocks. However, there are only very limited applications of polymers containing itaconic acid so far. One limitation of the application of this polymer is that commonly utilized polymerization techniques lead to very low conversions of the corresponding monomers. Consequently, itaconic acid and its derivatives are generally considered difficult or poorly polymerizable monomers. The current study presents the improvement of the polymerization by applying an emulsion polymerization of itaconic acid esters, leading to very high monomer conversions with a residual monomer content of less than 1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 6","pages":"1284-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pol.20240414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agglomeration Behavior and Kinetics of Polybutadiene Particles in the Polymer Agglomeration Process","authors":"Li Zhao,&nbsp;Shulai Lu,&nbsp;Ming Chen,&nbsp;Yuchao Wang,&nbsp;Lei Ning,&nbsp;Shicheng Zhao","doi":"10.1002/pol.20240863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20240863","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The agglomeration of polybutadiene latex (PBL) is a complex process influenced by numerous factors. Up to now, the change of particle size of agglomerated PBL with time under varying conditions remains unclear, and the agglomeration kinetic model of PBL has not been proposed. In this study, the influence of the process parameters on the particle size of agglomerated PBL with time was studied, including the amount of agglomerating agent, temperature, stirring rate, and solid content of PBL. According to the particle size evolution of agglomerated PBL, the agglomeration process of PBL is divided into two stages, including the dispersion of the agglomerating agent and its adsorption and coalescence with PBL (stage I), followed by the shrinkage of agglomerated PBL particles (stage II). It was found that the process of stage I can be accelerated significantly by increasing the amount of agglomerating agent and agglomeration temperature during PBL agglomeration, thereby reducing the total agglomeration time. The mean particle size of agglomerated PBL was also reduced when the agglomeration process reached stability. With the increase of stirring rate, the time required for agglomeration of PBL and the mean particle size of agglomerated PBL decrease. The higher the solid content of pre-agglomerate PBL, the shorter the time for PBL to complete the agglomeration, but it has no obvious effect on the mean particle size of agglomerated PBL. Based on the experimental results, on the one hand, a novel method for expressing the particle size shrinkage of agglomerated PBL was developed. This analysis was based on the change of mean particle size of agglomerated PBL with time. On the other hand, the Boltzmann equation was used to fit the agglomeration kinetics of the whole process of PBL agglomeration. The results showed that the predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental values when PBL was agglomerated under different process parameters. Knowledge obtained from this study will provide insight into the influence of process parameters on the particle size of agglomerated PBL over time, and the establishment of kinetic models can help the industrial development of PBL agglomeration technology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"63 5","pages":"1249-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}