Journal of Plant Growth Regulation最新文献

{"title":"The Potential Use of Arthrospira (Spirulina platensis) as a Biostimulant for Drought Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Rasha M. El-Shazoly, Abeer S. Aloufi, Mustafa A. Fawzy","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11473-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11473-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several cyanobacteria have been used as effective natural biostimulants under different stresses, but the utilization of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> has not been extensively investigated. The effects of living <i>S. platensis</i> (25 mg/L on dry weight basis) added twice as soil addition on growth, photosynthetic pigmentation, and antioxidant defenses of <i>Triticum aestivum</i> plants grown under normal and two drought stresses (80 and 60% Field capacity) were evaluated. Under drought stress conditions, growth parameters (shoot height, fresh, and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments) and antioxidant defenses were significantly inhibited by recording relatively lower values of the measured characters than the control. The treatment of wheat plants with <i>S. platensis</i> was successful in improving all growth metrics. Under 80 and 60% FWC, the fresh and dry weight of the shoot increased by approximately 25%, while the height of the shoot improved by approximately 33%. The contents of photosynthetic pigment (chl. a, b, and carotenoids) of <i>T. aestivum</i> were significantly induced by 38%, 31%, and 34%, respectively, under 60% FWC. Antioxidant capacity percentages as scavengers of different free radicals (OH^¯⋅, H₂O₂, NO, and metal chelating), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, in addition to enzymes (CAT and APX), non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenolics, reducing power, total antioxidants) were significantly improved in <i>Spirulina</i>-enriched soil. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX) increased significantly in the shoot of wheat seedling by 150%, 83%, 193% and 11%, respectively, under 60% FWC. Components of soluble metabolites (carbohydrates, free amino acids, and soluble proteins) of <i>T. aestivum</i> were significantly enhanced in <i>Spirulina</i>-treated soil. The roots of wheat seedlings treated with <i>S. platensis</i> showed the highest increase in soluble proteins, free amino acids, and soluble carbohydrates (21.67, 4.68, and 41.67 mg g⁻¹ FW, respectively). The application of <i>Spirulina</i>-based biostimulators is aligned with the sustainable agriculture concept by significant improving the content of photosynthetic pigments, confirming the correlation between growth and the measured antioxidants parameters of <i>T. aestivum</i>. The PCA biplot indicated a great contradiction between chlorophyll pigments, soluble metabolites (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), phenolics, reducing power and flavonoids, and all growth indicators and antioxidant abilities. Therefore, the results of this study support the use of the <i>Spirulina platensis</i> treatment, which was mainly effective in improving the growth of wheat plants by reducing the detrimental effects of drought stress in dry conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"580 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1-MCP Triggering Coffee Anthesis and Its Effects on Binding Affinity and Gene Expression of Different Ethylene Receptors","authors":"Juliana M. E. Lima, Iasminy S. Santos, Joyce P. Alvarenga, Robert M. Gutiérrez, Lillian M. Azevedo, Thaís A. Sales, Marlon E. López, Kellen K. P. de Oliveira, André A. Lima, Teodorico C. Ramalho, Antonio Chalfun-Junior","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11481-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11481-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ethylene is a pivotal regulator of coffee anthesis, and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor, offers a potential to manage flowering in coffee plants. This study aimed to identify the effect of 1-MCP on gene expression of ethylene receptors, and compare the interaction <i>in silico</i> between 1-MCP and different ethylene receptors to understand what could be associated with coffee anthesis promotion by this molecule. The study involved phenotypic characterization, ethylene quantification, RNA expression profiling, phylogenetic analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking. Results revealed that 1-MCP accelerated floral bud development to anthesis within 12 days, contrasting with water treated floral buds which exhibited progress just after a rainfall event. Moreover, 1-MCP application notably increased ethylene levels in both leaves and floral buds. Gene expression analysis indicated that 1-MCP modulates ethylene related gene expression differently in leaves and floral buds. Decreasing the expression of signaling genes in floral buds (<i>CaERS1-like</i>, <i>ETR2-like</i>, <i>ETR4-like</i> and <i>EIN4-like</i>), increasing it in leaves (<i>ETR1-like</i>, <i>ETR2-like</i>, <i>ETR4-like</i> and <i>CaCTR1-like</i>); and increasing the expression of <i>CaACO3-like</i> (biosynthesis related gene) in floral buds. Molecular docking studies suggested that ethylene may exhibit a higher affinity for receptors with lower interaction energy with 1-MCP. In conclusion, 1-MCP could be a promising tool to promote anthesis in coffee trees by modulating ethylene related processes, as the interaction between 1-MCP and ethylene receptors may influence ethylene sensitivity through different modulation of gene expression in leaves and floral buds.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Photosynthetic Indicators of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) Under Drought Conditions in a Semi-Arid Region","authors":"Linda Citlalli Noperi-Mosqueda, Alan Alvarez-Holguin, Jesus Manuel Ochoa-Rivero, Federico Villareal-Guerrero, Osías Ruiz-Álvarez, Pablo Delgado-Sánchez, Eloy Navarro-León, Omar Castor Ponce-García","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11477-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11477-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought is one of the main constraints affecting crop production in the current climate change scenario. The desert area of Chihuahua in Mexico has limited water availability and is therefore susceptible to drought. Plant photosynthetic performance is the main determining factor of crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. The present study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of three maize hybrids (P1898, P1445, and P1382) grown under drought stress, focusing on yield, physiological aspects, photosynthetic efficiency, and stomatal activity. A field experiment with these hybrids was carried out in the municipality of Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico, which is characterized by a low precipitation regime. The results indicated that the P1898 hybrid achieved the highest yield and was the best adapted to drought conditions. The analysis of photosynthesis parameters suggests favorable adaptations in both the P1898 and P1382 hybrids such as excess energy dissipation. Additionally, the P1898 hybrid exhibited a greater stomatal area, potentially enhancing CO₂ uptake and heat dissipation via transpiration. The P1382 hybrid demonstrated greater efficiency in photosynthetic energy use and improved water use efficiency (WUE), likely due to its stomatal adaptations. These findings suggest that the P1898 hybrid is the most suitable maize cultivar for cultivation in regions prone to drought and high temperatures, owing to its superior yield and photosynthetic adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics Analysis of Root Exudates of Cotton Seedling Under Cadmium Stress and the Alleviating Effect of Citric Acid","authors":"Xiang Wu, Yanxin Huang, Yan Cao, Xuyu Yan, Ling Li","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11466-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11466-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the past few decades, Cadmium-contaminated soil in agricultural fields has been a major global issue. The wide attention followed in agricultural production and the remediation of cadmium pollution in soil by cotton plants, due to the characteristics of wide planting area, the large biomass, strong capacity of cadmium accumulation, and non-edible properties of fiber. But the root secretion mechanism of cotton plants in response to cadmium threat is still unclear. In this study, four CdCl₂ concentrations (0, 150, 300,450 μmol/L) were applied to the soil at seedling stage, and physiological indicators of cotton seedling were detected and root exudates were collected after 10 days of cadmium exposure. The results showed that the cadmium tolerance of cotton seedlings was activated to the greatest extent under 300 μmol/L cadmium, and inhibited when the concentration reached 400 μmol/L. A total of 407 metabolites were detected based on UPLC-MS/MS. The composition and content of root exudates of cotton seedlings were significantly changed by cadmium stress, and there were 7 common differential accumulated metabolites, including isomaltulose, quinic acid, citric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, isomaltulose, galactinol and gluconic acid. KEGG analysis showed that there were 7 metabolic pathways highly related to cadmium stress, including pyruvate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, citrate cycle, galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, ABC transporters and carbon metabolism. These metabolic pathways were involved in osmoregulation, energy supply and resilience in plants. In addition, exogenous addition of citric acid can enhance the antioxidant capacity of cotton leaves, and promote the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in cotton. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on elucidating the response mechanism of root exudates in cotton plants to cadmium stress and for utilizing root exudates such as citric acid to alleviate cadmium stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics of Chloroplasts Combined with Photosynthetic Properties Reveal Low-Temperature Stress Responses in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)","authors":"Yafang Zhang, Shengxian He, Guoxiang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11483-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11483-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.) is a heat-originated plant and it is valuable to investigate the adaptive mechanism of photosynthesis to low temperature. Here, we explored the photosynthetic properties at leaf and chloroplast level in Guitang 11 (GT11), Guitang 28 (GT28), Guitang 21 (GT21), and Xintaitang 22 (ROC22), which with different cold tolerance, and mesophyll (M), and bundle sheath (BS) chloroplasts of cold-sensitive variety ROC22 for metabolomics analysis at molecular level. The findings revealed that at leaf level, the net photosynthetic rate (<i>P</i>_<i>n</i>) was significantly reduced by low temperature, with the largest decrease in ROC22, and <i>P</i>_<i>n</i> was affected through a combination of stomatal and non-stomatal. The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (<i>F</i>_<i>v</i><i>/F</i>_<i>m</i>) and PSI (<i>P</i>_<i>m</i>), and electron transfer rate (<i>ETR</i>) of sugarcane leaves were greatly decreased under chilling stress. At chloroplast level, the <i>F</i>_<i>v</i><i>/F</i>_<i>m</i> of M and BS chloroplasts decreased significantly after low temperature. Metabolomics results showed that due to cold stress, there were 279 and 181 up-regulated and 314 and 252 down-regulated of differential metabolites of M and BS chloroplasts in ROC22, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, purine, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism were enhanced in M and BS chloroplasts after low temperature. The xanthophyll cycle and ABC transporters were strengthened in M chloroplasts, while carotenoid biosynthesis was strengthened and ABC transporters was weakened in BS chloroplasts. These showed that M and BS chloroplasts respond structurally and functionally to chilling stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar Application of Abscisic Acid Alleviates Cadmium Stress by Modulating Differential Physiological and Transcriptome Response in Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Mung Bean Seedlings","authors":"Yan Leng, Ping-Min Wu, Shi-Weng Li, Xiao-Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11443-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11443-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abscisic acid (ABA) has been well known to strongly improve plant tolerance to heavy metals. However, the comprehensive mechanism of alleviating cadmium (Cd) stress in different plant organ was not been fully elucidated. In this study, foliar spray of 10 μM ABA significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) improved the plant height, root length, and the number of lateral roots, and reduced Cd accumulation and effectively restored the mineral contents caused by Cd induced change in leaves, stems, and roots of mung bean seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a total of 2241 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|fold-change|≥ 2.0 and FDR ≤ 0.05) were identified in the ABA + Cd-treated mung bean seedlings compared to the Cd-treated group, with 898, 908, and 859 DEGs identified in leaves, stems, and roots, respectively. Foliar application of ABA predominantly affected the KEGG pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and cyanoamino acid metabolism, and regulated the genes related to lipid metabolism, cell wall processes, secondary metabolism, defense and stress responses, hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, and cell division to mitigate Cd toxicity of the mung bean seedlings. However, ABA exerted distinct effects on the gene profiles of leaves, stems, and roots under Cd stress. Interestingly, although exogenous ABA was applied to the leaves, the genes involved in hormone signaling were found to be regulated primarily in roots on the first day and subsequently in stems and leaves at later stages, indicating that exogenous ABA participates in mitigating Cd toxicity through signal transduction. Notably, significant upregulation of transporter-related genes was observed mainly in leaves and stems, including ABC transporters, NRT1/PTR FAMILY protein encoding genes, and WAT1-related protein encoding genes, which may contribute to the transportation of the ABA, Cd, and nutriments. Furthermore, the expression of genes encoding crucial photosynthetic proteins exhibited significant upregulation or downregulation upon exogenous ABA treatment, implying that exogenous ABA also ameliorated Cd stress by modulating leaf photosynthetic activity. This study may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of ABA-alleviated Cd stress in mung bean and identifying a number of highly regulated genes that could potentially be used to improve plant tolerance to heavy metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting rice transformation for a fail-safe protocol and its application for various gene functional and molecular studies","authors":"Mrinalini Manna, Balakrishnan Rengasamy, Malireddy K. Reddy, Alok Krishna Sinha","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11486-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11486-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An efficient transformation and regeneration system is prerequisite for gene functional studies in rice, the staple food crop of the Asian subcontinent. Despite the availability of a large number of rice transformation protocols, it is hard to find a simple and minimum input based, but fail-safe protocol that ensures zero number of escapes (or the non-transformants). The fear of obtaining an unpredictable percentage of escapes at the end of rice tissue culture prompts carrying out multiple batches of transformation which not only consumes costly resources and time but also burdens one with screening of a large number of tissue culture derived plants. In the present study, we have described a simple but fail-safe rice transformation protocol for functional validation of the genes by overexpression and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene knockout systems. By taking the advantage of high transformability of japonica rice tissues, we have also revealed that the present rice transformation protocol can be effectively employed to visualize protein localization in various subcellular compartments of rice root and callus tissues, an alternative to conventional tobacco/onion peel infiltration or protoplast transformation which are either time consuming or tricky. Additionally, the paper also discusses the importance of Southern blotting in gene overexpression studies, utility of non-conventional antibiotic selection approaches and significance of sgRNA designing for gene knockout studies in rice. Various troubleshooting advice are also being presented. Overall, the present protocol might serve as an excellent guide for functional validation of several genes present in the rice genome waiting to be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Biomarker Response Version 2 (IBRv2)-Assisted Examination to Scrutinize Foliar Application of Jasmonic Acid (JA) and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) Toward Mitigating Drought Stress in Sugar Beet","authors":"Hamze Hamze, Marouf Khalili, Zaynab Mir-Shafiee, Jaber Nasiri","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11475-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11475-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foliar application effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was examined to mitigate water stress consequences on the Iranian monogerm sugar beet cultivar of “<i>Shokofa</i>,” the most popular cultivar in Iran. The experiment was designed using a split-plot layout based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications over two growing seasons (2021–2023). The main plot consisted of three irrigation levels [50%, 75%, and 100% of irrigation water requirement (IWR)], while the sub-plot contained foliar application treatments (Control, JA, and ZnO NPs). Integrated Biomarker Response version 2 (IBRv2) was calculated twice for the sugar beet plants grown under 75% and 50% IWR and sprayed with distilled water (control), JA, and ZnO NPs, with the “100% IWR + Control” treatment serving as the reference site. Foliar application of ZnO NPs and JA under the 50% IWR caused increases in beta-glycine, sugar content, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The IBRv2 values for the first round were similar (18.245, 18.575, and 19.549), while for the second round, the lowest value (20.330) was obtained for the “50% IWR + JA” treatment, suggesting that JA may have a stronger moderating effect during severe drought stress conditions compared to the “50% IWR + ZnO NPs” and “50% IWR + Control” treatments. These findings demonstrated that foliar application of both stimulators could improve root yield, provoke the antioxidant enzymes’ activities, and growth promotion of sugar beet under water stress condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Glomus Species and Organic Fertilizers for Enhanced Production of Bacoside-A: Memory Enhancer Compound in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.","authors":"Abhishek Dadhich, Mamta Dhiman, Lakshika Sharma, Madan Mohan Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11455-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11455-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Bacopa monnieri</i> (L.) Wettst. (BM) is popular for its medicinal properties which have been attributed to its rich collection of secondary metabolites. Its bioactive phytoconstituents have been used in therapeutic formulations for several human diseases. The use of traditional methods for increasing plant biomass and improving metabolite composition has gained substantial impetus in the past few years. Thus, the primary objective of the present study was to examine the effect of three different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (<i>Glomus deserticola</i>, <i>G. mosseae</i>, and <i>G. intradices</i>) and three different types of organic fertilizers (vermiculite, cocopeat, and perlite), both individually and in combination on morphological characteristics, physiological responses, metabolic regulation and bacoside-A production of BM. The findings demonstrated substantial improvement (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in various traits when treated with bio and organic fertilizers. Notably, as compared to the control, combination of three <i>Glomus</i> species and three organic fertilizers improved shoot length (1.2-folds; 2.0-folds), root length (3-folds; 2.6-folds), chlorophyll content (1.5-folds; 1.8-folds) and antioxidant activity (1.1-folds; 1.1-folds). Furthermore, use of mixtures of fertilizers led to an augmentation in the levels of both primary and secondary metabolites including lipids, alkanes, fatty acids, sugars, and terpenes. This application also enhanced the composition of bacosides A3, bacopaside II, bacopaside X, and bacopasaponin C and overall production of bacoside-A (1.2-folds). The findings obtained from the use of bio and organic fertilization techniques on the growth parameters and bacoside levels were analyzed and can be used as a potential alternative approach for mitigating the reliance on chemical fertilizers for improved growth of BM.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Age of Stock Plants Determines Phytohormonal Changes in Leafy Cuttings of Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis'","authors":"Petra Kunc, Aljaž Medič, Metka Hudina, Robert Veberič, Gregor Osterc","doi":"10.1007/s00344-024-11479-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11479-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to investigate adventitious root formation in cuttings obtained from physiologically different old stock material. The ornamental cherry <i>Prunus subhirtella</i> ´Autumnalis´ was used for the experiment. We examined three stock plants, namely a physiologically mature stock plant (about 60 years old) and physiologically juvenile plants (21 years old), which were previously propagated by cuttings, semi-mature stock material and in vitro juvenile stock material. We also investigated the role of phytohormones in the induction phase of adventitious root (AR) formation depending on the physiological age of the stock plant and the time after cutting. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify the phytohormones. The difference in rooting and quality of the developed AR is observed between semi-mature stock and mature stock material. Cuttings from semi-mature plants rooted in 95.00% of cases, while cuttings from mature stock plants only rooted in 68.33%. The high concentration of strigolactones and jasmonic acid (JA) immediately after severance had an inhibitory effect on the development of adventitious roots, especially in cuttings of mature origin. The development of AR is positively influenced by the increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 4 h after cutting from the stock plant. Our results show that the formation of adventitious root formation depends on the concentration and ratio between different phytohormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":16842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Growth Regulation","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}