Journal of Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Oxygen extraction fraction is not uniform in human brain: a positron emission tomography study.","authors":"Hiroshi Ito, Masanobu Ibaraki, Ryo Yamakuni, Motoharu Hakozaki, Naoyuki Ukon, Shiro Ishii, Kenji Fukushima, Hitoshi Kubo, Kazuhiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00880-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00880-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regional differences in cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in brain were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) in detail with consideration of systemic errors in PET measurement estimated by simulation studies. The cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), OEF, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂) were measured on healthy men by PET with ¹⁵O-labeled gases. The OEF values in the pons and the parahippocampal gyrus were significantly smaller than in the other brain regions. The OEF value in the lateral side of the occipital cortex was largest among the cerebral cortical regions. Simulation studies have revealed that errors in OEF caused by regional differences in the distribution volume of ¹⁵O-labeled water, as well as errors in OEF caused by a mixture of gray and white matter, must be negligible. The regional differences in OEF in brain must exist which might be related to physiological meanings.Article title: Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.I have checked the article title and it is OK as is. Trial registration: The UMIN clinical trial number: UMIN000033382, https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41203852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in depression of the putative nociceptive response in spinal cord preparations isolated from neonatal rats.","authors":"Kayo Tsuzawa, Hiroshi Onimaru, Katsunori Inagaki, Masahiko Izumizaki","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00881-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00881-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A metabolite of acetaminophen, AM404, which is an anandamide transporter inhibitor, induces analgesia mainly via activation of transient receptor potential channel 1 in the spinal cord, although the role of cannabinoid receptors remains to be studied. The ventral root reflex response induced by stimulation of the dorsal root in in vitro preparations of rat spinal cord is useful to assess the effect of analgesics. We analyzed the effects of AM404 and cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 on reflex responses in lumbar spinal cord preparations from newborn rats and found that the amplitude of the slow ventral root potential after administration of 10 µM AM404 was not significantly changed, whereas 10 µM AM251 significantly increased the amplitude. Administration of the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist WIN55,212-2 (10 µM) did not significantly affect the reflex response. We suggest that endogenous cannabinoids in the spinal cord are involved in the antinociceptive mechanism through suppressive effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A positive association of serum CCN5/WISP2 levels with the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.","authors":"Mohammed Farhan Hamdan Alshganbee, Fariba Nabatchian, Vida Farrokhi, Reza Fadaei, Nariman Moradi, Reza Afrisham","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00879-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00879-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>CCN5/WISP2 is prominently manifest in adipose tissue and has been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. However, discrepancies exist in previous studies, and little is known about its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The current investigation is designed to examine the correlation of WISP2 with risk factors in GDM patients in comparison to healthy pregnant women for the first time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study measured serum levels of CCN5, TNF-α, IL-6, adiponectin, and fasting insulin using ELISA kits in 88 GDM patients and 88 pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GDM group had remarkably higher serum levels of CCN5 (379.41 ± 83.078 ng/ml) compared to controls (212.02 ± 77.935 ng/ml). In a similar vein, it was observed that patients diagnosed with GDM exhibited elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α; while conversely, adiponectin levels were found to be significantly lower than those observed in the control group (P < 0.0001). In women with GDM, a positive and significant correlation was observed between CCN5 and BMI, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, as well as IL-6 and TNF-α levels. In the adjusted model, the risk of GDM was significantly increased with elevated serum CCN5 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research indicates a noteworthy and affirmative correlation between the levels of CCN5 in the serum and the risk of developing GDM, along with its associated risk factors such as BMI, insulin resistance index, FBG, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These findings suggest that CCN5 could potentially play a role in the etiology of GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological functions of calcium signaling via Orai1 in cancer.","authors":"Masanari Umemura, Rina Nakakaji, Yoshihiro Ishikawa","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00878-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00878-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling regulates many cellular functions, including cell proliferation and migration, in both normal cells and cancer cells. Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism by which Ca²⁺ is imported from the extracellular space to the intracellular space, especially in nonexcitable cells. Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) is also a receptor-regulated Ca²⁺ entry pathway that maintains Ca²⁺ homeostasis by sensing reduced Ca²⁺ levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In general, the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or immunoreceptors, such as T-cell, B-cell and Fc receptors, results in the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃). IP₃ binds to IP₃ receptors located in the ER membrane. The, IP₃ receptors in the ER membrane trigger a rapid and transient release of Ca²⁺ from the ER store. The resulting depletion of ER Ca²⁺ concentrations is sensed by the EF-hand motif of stromal interaction molecule (STIM), i.e., calcium sensor, which then translocates to the plasma membrane (PM). STIM interacts with Orai Ca²⁺ channel subunits (also known as CRACM1) on the PM, leading to Ca²⁺ influx from the extracellular space to increase intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations. The physiological functions of Orai and STIM have been studied mainly with respect to their roles in the immune system. Based on numerous previous studies, Orai channels (Orai1, Orai2 and Orai3 channels) control Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) currents and contribute to SOCE currents in other types of cells, including various cancer cells. There are many reports that Orai1 is involved in cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. We previously found that Orai1 plays important roles in cell apoptosis and migration in melanoma. Recently, we reported novel evidence of Orai1 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). In this review, we present multiple physiological functions of Orai1 in various cancer cells and cardiac fibroblasts, including our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of empagliflozin on open-loop baroreflex function and urinary glucose excretion in rats with chronic myocardial infarction.","authors":"Toru Kawada, Meihua Li, Akitsugu Nishiura, Yuki Yoshida, Shohei Yokota, Hiroki Matsushita, Masafumi Fukumitsu, Kazunori Uemura, Joe Alexander, Keita Saku","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00877-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00877-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have exerted cardioprotective effects in clinical trials, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. As mitigating sympathetic overactivity is of major clinical concern in the mechanisms of heart failure treatments, we examined the effects of modulation of glucose handling on baroreflex-mediated sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure regulations in rats with chronic myocardial infarction (n = 9). Repeated 11-min step input sequences were used for an open-loop analysis of the carotid sinus baroreflex. An SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, was intravenously administered (10 mg/kg) after the second sequence. Neither the baroreflex neural nor peripheral arc significantly changed during the last observation period (seventh and eighth sequences) compared with the baseline period although urinary glucose excretion increased from near 0 (0.0089 ± 0.0011 mg min^-1 kg^-1) to 1.91 ± 0.25 mg min^-1 kg^-1. Hence, empagliflozin does not acutely modulate the baroreflex regulations of sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure in this rat model of chronic myocardial infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depletion of transit amplifying cells in the adult brain does not affect quiescent neural stem cell pool size.","authors":"Zakiyyah Munirah Mohd Zaki, Anri Kuroda, Naoko Morimura, Yoshitaka Hayashi, Seiji Hitoshi","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00876-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00876-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the adult mammalian brain throughout the animal's lifespan. NSCs in the subependymal zone infrequently divide and generate transit amplifying cells, which are destined to become olfactory bulb neurons. When transit amplifying cells are depleted, they are replenished by the quiescent NSC pool. However, the cellular basis for this recovery process remains largely unknown. In this study, we traced NSCs and their progeny after transit amplifying cells were eliminated by intraventricular infusion of cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside. We found that although the number of neurosphere-forming NSCs decreased shortly after the treatment, they were restored to normal levels 3 weeks after the cessation of treatment. More importantly, the depletion of transit amplifying cells did not induce a significant expansion of the NSC pool by symmetric divisions. Our data suggest that the size of the NSC pool is hardly affected by brain damage due to antimitotic drug treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vidarabine, an anti-herpes agent, improves Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice.","authors":"Michinori Tsunoda, Ichiro Matsuo, Yoshiki Ohnuki, Kenji Suita, Misao Ishikawa, Takao Mitsubayashi, Aiko Ito, Yasumasa Mototani, Kenichi Kiyomoto, Akinaka Morii, Megumi Nariyama, Yoshio Hayakawa, Kazuhiro Gomi, Satoshi Okumura","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00873-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00873-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we examined the involvement of type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5) in cardiac dysfunction induced in mice given Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) at a dose equivalent to the circulating levels in periodontitis (PD) patients. Cardiac function was significantly decreased in mice given PG-LPS compared to the control, but treatment for 1 week with the AC5 inhibitor vidarabine ameliorated the dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis were significantly increased in the PG-LPS group, but vidarabine blocked these changes. The PG-LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with activation of cyclic AMP/Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling and increased phospholamban phosphorylation at threonine 17. These results suggest that pharmacological AC5 inhibition may be a promising approach to treat PD-associated cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative effects of exercise training and consumption of propolis on managing diabetic dyslipidemia in adult women: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with pre-post-intervention assessments.","authors":"Fatemeh Moayedi, Farzaneh Taghian, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi, Seyed Ali Hosseini","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00872-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00872-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyslipidemia is an imbalance of various lipids, and propolis, as a natural resinous viscos mixture made by Apis mellifera L. could improve in this condition. In this single-blind, randomized trial, 60 women with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia were divided into four groups: (1) the patients who did not apply the combined training and 500 mg propolis capsules supplement (Control group); (2) subjects performed combined training, including aerobic and resistance training (EXR); (3) subjects received the 500 mg propolis supplement capsules (SUPP); (4) Subjects performed combined training along with receiving the 500 mg propolis supplement capsules (EXR + SUPP). We evaluated the concentration of CTRP12, SFRP5, interleukin-6 (IL6), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), adiponectin, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) before and after the intervention. MDA, TAC, IL6, CTRP12, SFRP5 IL6, adiponectin, and lipid profile levels ameliorated in the EXR + SUPP group. We found that 8 weeks of treatment by combined exercise training and propolis supplement decreased inflammation activity and increased antioxidant defense in women with diabetic dyslipidemia.Trial registration This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; IRCT code: IRCT20211229053561N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar signals from oral glucose transporters elicit cephalic-phase insulin release in mice.","authors":"Mitsuhito Takamori, Yoshihiro Mitoh, Kengo Horie, Masahiko Egusa, Takuya Miyawaki, Ryusuke Yoshida","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00875-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00875-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR) occurs before blood glucose increases after a meal. Although glucose is the most plausible cue to induce CPIR, peripheral sensory systems involved are not fully elucidated. We therefore examined roles of sweet sensing by a T1R3-dependent taste receptor and sugar sensing by oral glucose transporters in the oropharyngeal region in inducing CPIR. Spontaneous oral ingestion of glucose significantly increased plasma insulin 5 min later in wild-type (C57BL/6) and T1R3-knockout mice, but intragastric infusion did not. Oral treatment of glucose transporter inhibitors phlorizin and phloretin significantly reduced CPIR after spontaneous oral ingestion. In addition, a rapid increase in plasma insulin was significantly smaller in WT mice with spontaneous oral ingestion of nonmetabolizable glucose analog than in WT mice with spontaneous oral ingestion of glucose. Taken together, the T1R3-dependent receptor is not required for CPIR, but oral glucose transporters greatly contribute to induction of CPIR by sugars.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9919737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of newly developed wearable ear canal thermometer, mimicking the application to activities on sports and labor fields.","authors":"Issei Kato, Hironori Watanabe, Kei Nagashima","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00874-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12576-023-00874-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the reliability of a newly developed wearable ear canal thermometer based on three different experiments, in which ear canal and rectal temperature (T_ear and T_rec, respectively) were simultaneously monitored. In Experiment 1, participants sat at 28 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH), during which fanning or 41 °C lower legs water immersion was conducted. In Experiment 2, participants conducted a 70-min treadmill exercise (4 km/h, 0.5% slope) at 35 °C and 50% RH with intermittent fanning. In Experiment 3, participants completed a 20 min treadmill exercise (6 km/h, 5% slope) at 35 °C and 65% RH. Bland-Altman analysis for T_ear and T_rec showed the difference of - 0.2-0.3 °C and the limit of agreement of the mean ± 0.3-0.6 °C. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.44-0.83. The results may suggest that the ear canal thermometer is useful to assess core body temperature in sports and/or labor fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":16832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10717959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9834126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}