Emily Y-S Chen, Emilia Trudnowska, Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
{"title":"It’s a female’s world: sex ratio of polar pelagic ostracods tested across multiple spatiotemporal scales","authors":"Emily Y-S Chen, Emilia Trudnowska, Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biased sex ratios are commonly found in nature and were also observed in this study on pelagic ostracods in both the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Because changes in sex ratio may occur in response to environmental perturbations, studying this aspect in polar regions as they continue to warm is of ecological importance. Here, a robust spatiotemporal dataset of historical and contemporary sex data was compiled to explore variation in ostracod sex ratio with respect to species, depth, region, season and ontogeny. Global ostracod populations in both the Arctic and Antarctic demonstrated a stable female bias of ~ 60–70% over all tested factors. This female bias was even higher when only the premature A-1 stage was considered, regardless of the factor. The widespread stability in stage-specific sex ratio and its subtle changes, especially in the interannual context, show that marine Ostracoda has the potential to be a model organism for more comprehensive sex ratio research, but deeper investigation into their ecology and reproduction is necessary.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135049577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pioneers of plankton research: Carl Chun (1852–1914)","authors":"J. Dolan","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47113521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sylvia Bonilla, Bruno Cremella, Victoria Acuña, Signe Haakonsson
{"title":"Pigment assemblages in subtropical bloom-forming cyanobacteria strains","authors":"Sylvia Bonilla, Bruno Cremella, Victoria Acuña, Signe Haakonsson","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pigments are powerful indicators for chemotaxonomy and remote sensing studies, which are the approaches used for cyanobacterial bloom monitoring. Cyanobacterial pigments include high concentrations of phycobilins and diverse carotenoids. Filamentous nitrogen-fixing species (Nostocales) are frequent in cyanobacterial blooms of warm climate lakes, and more information about pigments can be useful for improving management. We analyzed the carotenoid ratios to chlorophyll a of nine subtropical cyanobacterial strains (orders: Synechococcales, Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales), for some of which we also characterized the in vivo absorption spectra (aph). The main carotenoids were β,β-carotene, echinenone, hydroxy-echinenone-like, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll (including aphanizophyll and unknown myxoxanthophyll-like myxol-glycoside carotenoids); however, proportions diverged greatly between orders, a trend also observed for the aph. Zeaxanthin ratios were highest in the picocyanobacterium. Nostocales species were rich in myxoxanthophyll and echinenone, with low zeaxanthin signals. We identified four pigment assemblages differentiating the strains according to their phylogenetic orders, information that needs to be considered for tracking cyanobacterial groups, particularly Nostocales.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135520506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adele WestgÅrd, Mohamed M Ezat, Thomas B Chalk, Melissa Chierici, Gavin L Foster, Julie Meilland
{"title":"Large-scale culturing of <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i>, its growth in, and tolerance of, variable environmental conditions.","authors":"Adele WestgÅrd, Mohamed M Ezat, Thomas B Chalk, Melissa Chierici, Gavin L Foster, Julie Meilland","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plankt/fbad034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The planktic foraminifera <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i> is a calcifying marine protist and the dominant planktic foraminifera species in the polar oceans, making it a key species in marine polar ecosystems. The calcium carbonate shells of foraminifera are widely used in palaeoclimate studies because their chemical composition reflects the seawater conditions in which they grow. This species provides unique proxy data for past surface ocean hydrography, which can provide valuable insight to future climate scenarios. However, little is known about the response of <i>N. pachyderma</i> to variable and changing environmental conditions. Here, we present observations from large-scale culturing experiments where temperature, salinity and carbonate chemistry were altered independently. We observed overall low mortality, calcification of new chambers and addition of secondary calcite crust in all our treatments. In-culture asexual reproduction events also allowed us to monitor the variable growth of <i>N. pachyderma</i>'s offspring. Several specimens had extended periods of dormancy or inactivity after which they recovered. These observations suggest that <i>N. pachyderma</i> can tolerate, adapt to and calcify within a wide range of environmental conditions. This has implications for the species-level response to ocean warming and acidification, for future studies aiming to culture <i>N. pachyderma</i> and use in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"45 5","pages":"732-745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10539212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abundance, composition and distribution of carnivorous gelatinous zooplankton in the Northern Gulf of Alaska","authors":"Heidi Michelle Cotea Islas, R. Hopcroft","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Abundance, biomass, size and distribution of macro-jellyfish were measured in the Northern Gulf of Alaska (NGA). Nearly 1000 kg dispersed among ~13 800 jellyfish were collected using a 5-m2 Methot net. We present length-weight regressions for seven most-common taxa. Catches were dominated by the hydrozoan Aequorea victoria and the scyphozoan Chrysaora melanaster. During 2018, epipelagic macro-jellyfish biomass averaged 1.46 ± 0.36 g WW m−3 for July and 1.14 ± 0.23 g WW m−3 for September, while during 2019 they averaged 0.86 ± 0.19 g WW m−3 for July and 0.72 ± 0.21 g WW m−3 by September. Despite similar biomass among seasons within a year, July abundances were fivefold greater than abundances in September, with July catches dominated by smaller-sized jellyfish over the inner shelf, while during September larger jellyfish were more prominent and most predominant at offshore stations. Comparison to 20 years of data from standard towed nets allowed determination of the relative magnitude of the dominant carnivorous zooplankton components: scyphozoans, hydrozoans and chaetognaths in the NGA. The biomass of these smaller epipelagic predators (5.4 mg WW m−3 for hydrozoans and 10.5 mg WW m−3 for chaetognaths) is a low percentage of the macro-jellyfish, despite their much higher numerical abundance.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47439328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feeding in mixoplankton enhances phototrophy increasing bloom-induced pH changes with ocean acidification.","authors":"Kevin J Flynn, Aditee Mitra","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plankton phototrophy consumes CO<sub>2</sub>, increasing seawater pH, while heterotrophy does the converse. Elevation of pH (>8.5) during coastal blooms becomes increasingly deleterious for plankton. Mixoplankton, which can be important bloom-formers, engage in both photoautotrophy and phagoheterotrophy; in theory, this activity could create a relatively stable pH environment for plankton growth. Using a systems biology modelling approach, we explored whether different mixoplankton functional groups could modulate the environmental pH compared to the extreme activities of phototrophic phytoplankton and heterotrophic zooplankton. Activities by most mixoplankton groups do not stabilize seawater pH. Through access to additional nutrient streams from internal recycling with phagotrophy, mixoplankton phototrophy is enhanced, elevating pH; this is especially so for constitutive and plastidic specialist non-constitutive mixoplankton. Mixoplankton blooms can exceed the size of phytoplankton blooms; the synergisms of mixoplankton physiology, accessing nutrition via phagotrophy as well as from inorganic sources, enhance or augment primary production rather than depressing it. Ocean acidification will thus enable larger coastal mixoplankton blooms to form before basification becomes detrimental. The dynamics of such bloom developments will depend on whether the mixoplankton are consuming heterotrophs and/or phototrophs and how the plankton community succession evolves.</p>","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"45 4","pages":"636-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9917893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mattia Greco, Adele Westgård, Freya E Sykes, Mohamed M Ezat, Julie Meilland
{"title":"Uncovering hidden structures: previously undescribed pseudopodia and ectoplasmic structures in planktonic foraminifera.","authors":"Mattia Greco, Adele Westgård, Freya E Sykes, Mohamed M Ezat, Julie Meilland","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The trophic strategies of cold-water planktonic foraminifera are not well understood due to the challenge of culturing them in polar conditions. Here, we identify previously unknown ectoplasmic and cytoplasmic projections in three species of planktonic foraminifera thriving in polar and subpolar marine environments: <i>Globigerina bulloides</i>, <i>Neogloboquadrina incompta</i> and <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i>. These structures were observed during routine monitoring of cultured specimens sampled from the Norwegian coast, Greenland Sea and Baffin Bay. Two types of projections were discovered, including permanent and non-permanent structures such as ectoplasmic roots, twigs and twig-like projections, similar to those observed in benthic taxa <i>Cibicides</i> and <i>Cibicidoides</i>. Additionally, a previously undescribed filopodia-like projection was observed in <i>N. pachyderma</i>. We discuss the function, the ecological significance and the potential impact on pelagic processes of the presence of these structures in foraminifera species that occupy diverse niches in the water column. Our findings suggest that these structures may play an important role in the trophic strategies of cold-water planktonic foraminifera, and further research and observations are necessary to fully comprehend their significance in the carbon cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"45 4","pages":"652-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kylie A Pitt, Jonathan W Lawley, Charles Hinchliffe, Paloma A Matis, Carolina OlguÍn-Jacobson, Nur Arafeh-Dalmau, Pauline Lindholm, Jade Arnold, Iain M Suthers
{"title":"Assemblages of pelagic thaliaceans in oceanographic features at the tropical-temperate transition zone of a western boundary current.","authors":"Kylie A Pitt, Jonathan W Lawley, Charles Hinchliffe, Paloma A Matis, Carolina OlguÍn-Jacobson, Nur Arafeh-Dalmau, Pauline Lindholm, Jade Arnold, Iain M Suthers","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesoscale oceanographic features influence the composition of zooplankton. Cyclonic eddies can promote upwelling and production of gelatinous zooplankton, which play critical roles in ocean biogeochemical cycling. We examined variation in assemblages of thaliaceans (salps, doliolids and pyrosomes) among mesoscale oceanographic features at the tropical-temperate boundary of the East Australian Current (EAC) in Spring 2019 and Autumn 2021. The influence of cyclonic eddies was examined in a large offshore cyclonic eddy in 2019 and a newly formed frontal eddy in 2021. Pyrosomes were most abundant in the offshore EAC jet, and salps and doliolids were most abundant in coastal features, including within eddies that were transported offshore. In 2019, <i>Salpa fusiformis</i> increased 4-fold over 8 days in the large cyclonic eddy, and in 2021, doliolids increased > 50-fold over 2 weeks in a chlorophyll-rich coastal eddy while abundances of other thaliaceans remained unchanged or decreased. Correlations between abundances of thaliaceans and chlorophyll-a concentrations across the 102 samples collected during both voyages revealed that doliolids occupy a wider range of chlorophyll-a concentrations than salps. Our observations indicate that doliolids thrive in productive shelf environments, salps occur in less productive shelf waters and pyrosomes are most abundant in oligotrophic waters of the south Coral Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"45 4","pages":"677-692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10240576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco L Calderini, Salli Pääkkönen, Pauliina Salmi, Elina Peltomaa, Sami J Taipale
{"title":"Temperature, phosphorus and species composition will all influence phytoplankton production and content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.","authors":"Marco L Calderini, Salli Pääkkönen, Pauliina Salmi, Elina Peltomaa, Sami J Taipale","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature increases driven by climate change are expected to decrease the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lakes worldwide. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the joint effects of lake trophic status, nutrient dynamics and warming on the availability of these biomolecules is lacking. Here, we conducted a laboratory experiment to study how warming (18-23°C) interacts with phosphorus (0.65-2.58 μM) to affect phytoplankton growth and their production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. We included 10 species belonging to the groups diatoms, golden algae, cyanobacteria, green algae, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates. Our results show that both temperature and phosphorus will boost phytoplankton growth, especially stimulating certain cyanobacteria species (<i>Microcystis</i> sp.). Temperature and phosphorus had opposing effects on polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion, but responses are largely dependent on species. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesizing species did not clearly support the idea that warming decreases the production or content of these essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results suggest that warming may have different effects on the polyunsaturated fatty acid availability in lakes with different nutrient levels, and that different species within the same phytoplankton group can have contrasting responses to warming. Therefore, we conclude that future production of EPA and DHA is mainly determined by species composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"45 4","pages":"625-635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Errata and re-visitation of “What is the limit for photoautotrophic plankton growth rates?” (Flynn and Raven, 2017)","authors":"K. Flynn, J. Raven","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An error in our original work prompts a revisitation of factors constraining photoautotrophic plankton growth rates (μmax). Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase does not itself provide that constraint, but we identify other factors that result in our previously suggested value of ~2 doublings per day still likely being representative of the maximum for most photoautotrophs. μmax likely evolves to balance the advantage of possessing a high competitive value while minimizing the stresses incurred when the organism is incapable of routinely achieving a higher μmax due to various limiting factors. Organisms with extreme high μmax are thus expected to grow under conditions that provide the necessary environment (stable pH, non-limiting nutrients and light) for sufficient time that the evolution of higher μmax becomes advantageous. Conditions in nature allowing the evolution of higher μmax include the exploitation of an exceptional opportunity and then entering stasis (e.g. desert microalgae), or a situation where high grazing pressures match high phytoplankton growth, thus maintaining non-limiting nutrient and light conditions. The latter, however, conflicts with the paradox of enrichment, as only under resource limitation would the necessary stability be attained in the predator–prey dynamic. Ultimately, ecology, not biophysics, constrains phototroph μmax.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41398192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}