2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)最新文献_第3页

Demystification of Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters (AFCIs) – PART I: Beginning of the Odyssey 揭开电弧故障断路器(afci)的神秘面纱-第一部分:奥德赛的开始

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188373

Nehad El-Sherif, T. Domitrovich

{"title":"Demystification of Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters (AFCIs) – PART I: Beginning of the Odyssey","authors":"Nehad El-Sherif, T. Domitrovich","doi":"10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188373","url":null,"abstract":"Residential fires of electrical origin have been a major concern for a long time. A fire can be initiated by excessive current (due to an overload or a short circuit), or arcing current. Therefore, both Canadian Electrical Code (CE Code) Part I and the National Electrical Code (NEC) require the installation of overcurrent protection devices (OCPDs) to detect and clear excessive current. Conversely, arcing current is too low for OCPDs to detect. It could take an electric arc, minutes, days, weeks, months, or even years to initiate a fire. Therefore, a new solution was required for detecting those slowly developing arcs. Thus, Arc-fault Circuit-Interrupters (AFCls) were born. AFCls are capable of detecting an arcing condition (while still developing) and de-energizing the circuit before the arcing circuit ignites. AFCls have been a hot topic creating quite a bit of controversy in the recent NEC review cycles. It is the authors' opinion that this controversy stems from a lack of clear understanding of AFCls operation, available technologies, and their capabilities. This paper is the first of two papers attempting to clarify the confusion surrounding AFCls, their applications, and success in making an impact on home electrical fires.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125078892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Doors Wide Open: Safety Beyond the Standards 敞开大门:安全超越标准

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188256

J. Kay, J. Arvola, M. Manninen

{"title":"Doors Wide Open: Safety Beyond the Standards","authors":"J. Kay, J. Arvola, M. Manninen","doi":"10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188256","url":null,"abstract":"Arc resistant, arc detection and arc quenching technologies have been successfully used for over two decades. The global standards surrounding these technologies continue to be refined. However, these standards pre-determine a given hardware configuration based on testing methodologies. The arc resistant standards typically define the performance testing of these devices with the doors of the equipment, providing a basic level of protection, being closed during the testing cycles. Many arc flash events occur when the electrical equipment doors are open as qualified service personnel troubleshoot equipment or while determining if the working area is safe. Therefore, are the test sequences and results, as defined in the procedures of the associated standards for performance evaluation of arc detection and quenching devices, still valid when the doors of the protected equipment are open. This paper will provide explicit details regarding modified testing which more accurately replicates real world applications where doors could be open during troubleshooting and maintenance of the electrical equipment. The work will also provide an in-depth review of the global standards regarding active arc fault mitigation. Their deployment and applications, in regions utilizing International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, has been more rapid in recent years, than other global areas.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"463 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123098700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arc-Resistant Equipment – A Risk Control Perspective 抗电弧设备-风险控制的观点

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188357

PE M. E. Valdes, P. I. S. M. H. Karandikar, NC M. LaFond, J. W. Ieee, Senior Member

引用次数: 0

Modeling DC Arc Physics and Applications for DC Arc Flash Risk Assessment 直流电弧物理建模及其在直流电弧闪蒸风险评估中的应用

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188331

L. B. Gordon

{"title":"Modeling DC Arc Physics and Applications for DC Arc Flash Risk Assessment","authors":"L. B. Gordon","doi":"10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188331","url":null,"abstract":"Although the physics of low-current, DC arcs has been studied for over 80 years, a focus on high-current, DC arcs began about 1970, primarily for understanding low-voltage, stable arcs for welding, arc lamp, and arc furnace applications. These arcs are dominated by energy conversion to radiated energy. A more recent interest in understanding longer, higher-current, and higher-voltage DC arcs began only about 20 years ago with the concern of DC arc flash hazards. For these arcs the dominant energy conversion results in an expanding plasma, the arc flash. AC arc flash hazards were recognized in 1982 and introduced into OSHA and NFPA 70E soon thereafter. DC arc flash hazards were being considered by 2007 and introduced into the 2012 NFPA 70E. Two methods were introduced in NFPA 70E to estimate DC incident energy, with little data available. In general, these methods overestimate the hazard when compared to recent laboratory data. This paper will provide a high-level overview of (a) the current understanding of high-current, DC arc physics, (b) models presently used in performing DC incident energy analyses, and (c) recent laboratory studies to measure DC arc flash parameters for several voltages. This latest information will then be used to evaluate the accuracy of some existing DC arc hazard assessments, and to propose improved approaches to using nonlinear models, based on the nonlinear nature of the DC source, for more accurate analysis. This paper will consider the unique modeling needs of large battery systems (lead acid, lithium ion, flow, etc.), capacitor systems, and solar voltaic systems.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127647112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Do Electrical Fatalities Occur on the Job? Understanding the Human Factor of a Fatality 为什么在工作中会发生电气事故?理解死亡的人为因素

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/esw49992.2023.10188349

D. Majano, B. Brenner

引用次数: 0

The New NFPA 70B-2023 Standard for Electrical Maintenance 新NFPA 70B-2023电气维护标准

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188376

PE M. E. Valdes, Karl Cunningham

引用次数: 0