2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)最新文献_第2页

Demystification of Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters (AFCIs) – Part II: Technology and Applications 电弧故障断路器(afci)的揭秘。第2部分:技术和应用

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/esw49992.2023.10188369

Nehad El-Sherif, T. Domitrovich

{"title":"Demystification of Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters (AFCIs) – Part II: Technology and Applications","authors":"Nehad El-Sherif, T. Domitrovich","doi":"10.1109/esw49992.2023.10188369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esw49992.2023.10188369","url":null,"abstract":"Residential fires of electrical origin have been a major concern for a long time. A fire can be initiated by excessive current (due to an overload or a short circuit), or arcing current. Therefore, both Canadian Electrical Code (CE Code) Part I and the National Electrical Code (NEC) require the installation of overcurrent protection devices (OCPDs) to detect and clear excessive current. Conversely, arcing current is too low for OCPDs to detect. It could take an electric arc, minutes, days, weeks, months, or even years to initiate a fire. Therefore, a new solution was required for detecting those slowly developing arcs. Thus, Arc-fault Circuit-Interrupters (AFCIs) were born. AFCIs are capable of detecting an arcing condition (while still developing) and de-energizing the circuit before the arcing circuit ignites, AFCIs have been a hot topic creating quite a bit of controversy in the recent NEC review cycles. It is the authors' opinion that this controversy stems from a lack of clear understanding of AFCIs operation, available technologies, and their capabilities. This paper is the second of two papers attempting to add clarity and avoid the confusion surrounding AFCIs, their applications, and success in making an impact on home electrical fires.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128993731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methods for Evaluating DC Arc-Flash Incident Energy in Battery Energy Storage Systems 蓄电池储能系统中直流电弧闪光入射能量的评估方法

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188335

Albert Marroquin, Terry McKinch

{"title":"Methods for Evaluating DC Arc-Flash Incident Energy in Battery Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Albert Marroquin, Terry McKinch","doi":"10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188335","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy systems continue to be one of the fastest growing segments of the energy industry. This paper focuses on the understanding of how energy storage technology behaves under direct current (dc) arc conditions. Because of the fast proliferation of renewable energy systems and the lack of formal dc equivalent calculation guidelines such as IEEE 1584 for alternating current (ac) systems, it has been necessary to rely on different equations and models presented by various researchers when calculating arc-flash (AF) incident energy (IE) for dc systems. This paper discusses the behavior of energy storage systems under arcing conditions and presents the results of available methods to estimate the dc arc-flash incident energy. This paper provides a comparative analysis of a proposed arc-flash incident energy calculation method against available laboratory tests. Explanations are provided regarding the effect the various types of batteries may have under short-circuit (SC) and arcing conditions. Comparisons of the proposed calculation method simulation results and laboratory dc arc test measurements are included.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"24 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128536932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing Electrical Safety Towards a Global Electrical Work Safety Standard 推动电气安全迈向全球电气工作安全标准

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188246

Vesa Linja-aho

{"title":"Advancing Electrical Safety Towards a Global Electrical Work Safety Standard","authors":"Vesa Linja-aho","doi":"10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188246","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, international standardization for electrical equipment has been advancing electrical safety, reducing product design costs, and making it easier to design products for larger markets. By following international standards, the product can be designed to fulfil the requirements in both North American and European markets, as well as in many other countries in the world. However, despite the hazards of electricity being the same for human beings wherever in the world, no international electrical work safety standard has been prepared. In 2020, a new project committee for writing a global electrical work safety standard was accepted in the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). In this paper, a comprehensive comparison of the contents and approach of three major electrical work safety standards, the National Fire Protection Association's (NFPA) 70E® (United States), Canadian Standards Association's (CSA) Z462 (Canada) and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization's (CENELEC) European Norm (EN) 50110 (Europe) is carried out. In addition, types, and incidence rates of electrical accidents in the countries applying the standard are discussed, as well as the electrical safety legislation. Despite the physical dangers of electric current being the same ubiquitously, the installation practices as well as the work safety legislation and cultural issues can be a challenge for implementing a global electrical work safety standard. Ideally, a standard combining the best practices in all major local standards should be the goal for the international standard.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115255020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Scientist's Perspective on Electrical Safety 一个科学家对电气安全的看法

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188378

Ernst Esch, Ray Joggerst

引用次数: 0

Irregular Low-Voltage Electrical Cables 不规则低压电缆

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188230

Danilo Ferreira de Souza, Walter Aguiar Martins, Edson Martinho

{"title":"Irregular Low-Voltage Electrical Cables","authors":"Danilo Ferreira de Souza, Walter Aguiar Martins, Edson Martinho","doi":"10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188230","url":null,"abstract":"In emerging economies, it is common to find products that do not comply with established norms, for example, low-quality production, material, counterfeit, etc., in the market where users are motivated by the low price, especially in times of economic crisis. With regards to products for electrical installations, there is no difference. Most notably, several products do not comply with the standards in the wire and cable market. Many manufacturers seek to reduce costs and improve margins by using cheaper raw materials. This is mainly observed in reducing the volume of copper used in the conductors, causing overheating, increasing electrical losses, and reducing the service life, increasing the risk of fires of electrical origin. Brazil has had an independent entity for over 29 years, which monitors the market - Qualifio - Brazilian Association for the Quality of Electrical Wires and Cables. In this study, 136 cable samples collected by Qualifio were used and submitted to tests according to Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT NBR 6814: Electrical wires and cables - Electrical resistance test. The results showed that 32% of the collected wires and cables presented electrical resistance above the maximum allowed for those nominal cross-sections. In some cases, the resistance was three times higher than the upper limit established in the standard. Cables with a nominal area of 1.5 mm2, 2.5 mm2 4 mm2 and 6 mm2 were analyzed.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125068965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensitivities and Issues with Arc Ratings and ASTM F1959 Clothing Tests 电弧等级和ASTM F1959服装测试的敏感性和问题

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188231

T. Short, M. Eblen

引用次数: 0

Through the Lens of Systems Safety: The Limitations of a Compliance-Based Safety Culture and Opportunities to Reduce Electrical Injuries 通过系统安全的镜头:基于合规性的安全文化的局限性和减少电气伤害的机会

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188267

H. L. Floyd II

引用次数: 0

347/600 Volt Arc Flash Mitigation at British Columbia Hydro 不列颠哥伦比亚省水电公司的347/600伏电弧闪光缓解

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/esw49992.2023.10188315

Anthony Gamage, S. Jackson, P. Therrien

引用次数: 0

Surprising Ratings of Arc-Rated Clothing Obtained from a Major Online Vendor 从一个主要的在线供应商那里获得的令人惊讶的弧级服装评级

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188360

T. Short, M. Eblen

引用次数: 1

Normalization of Deviance: Why Accidents Are Not Always Accidental 越轨行为的正常化:为什么事故并不总是偶然的

2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188294

Stephen M. Hester

{"title":"Normalization of Deviance: Why Accidents Are Not Always Accidental","authors":"Stephen M. Hester","doi":"10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW49992.2023.10188294","url":null,"abstract":"On January 28, 1986, the world witnessed an accident that was, at the time, the worst disaster in the history of space flight. With seven astronauts on board, the space shuttle Challenger exploded just 73 seconds after its launch. The investigation into the Challenger disaster revealed cultural and systemic flaws in NASA operations; as a result, the concept of “normalization of deviance” was developed. Normalization of deviance is when unacceptable practices become acceptable behaviors. While the results of this process are often painfully clear, detecting and identifying this phenomenon can be extremely difficult. The Challenger accident, the loss of the space shuttle Columbia in 2003, and other disasters have been shocking reminders of how seemingly innocuous details play essential roles in the interactions of complex systems and organizations. This paper is not about NASA and space shuttles. Normalizing deviance in any safety-critical process or task can be disastrous; allowing deviations in operating, inspection, and maintenance procedures can seriously erode safety margins. Deviation occurs because of physical or psychological barriers to using the correct process; other drivers, such as time, cost, and peer pressure, also contribute. These are not problems that reside solely with the people performing the work. Looking at organizational safety through the lens of human performance recognizes that safety challenges are present at all levels of an organization, as do the opportunities to uncover and address them. This paper takes a human factors approach to organizational safety and outlines some critical features of process drift and normalization of deviance. It also reviews the reality that many accidents have causative factors in production areas and management offices. Finally, it evaluates recent accidents and how they display characteristics of organizational failure and proposes recommendations for improvement.","PeriodicalId":167800,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"7 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131687139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0