Journal of Physiological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Leptospirosis in Malaysia: current status, insights, and future prospects","authors":"Noraini Philip, Kamruddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00347-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00347-y","url":null,"abstract":"Among zoonotic infections, leptospirosis has a worldwide distribution and high prevalence in tropical regions. It has a broad clinical presentation from mild to severe, life-threatening infection. Leptospires, the etiological agent of leptospirosis, are found in varied ecological niches and animal species, providing a significant source of human infection. This review aims to provide the current status of leptospirosis in Malaysia and the direction for future studies. The literature search for this review was performed using PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases. The incidence of leptospirosis in Malaysia from 2004 to 2020 varied; however, a large number of cases occurred during floods. Leptospira has been isolated from wild and domestic animals as well as from the environment; among them, several novel species have been identified. In Malaysia, leptospirosis infection and death were mostly associated with recreational and non-recreational water activities. Despite the endemicity of leptospirosis, the public’s knowledge, attitude, and practice level are relatively low in this country. More studies are needed in Malaysia to explore the extent of leptospirosis in different settings and locations.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FTO and MC4R polymorphisms, and selected pre-, peri- and postnatal factors as determinants of body mass index and fatness in children: a thorough analysis of the associations","authors":"Ewa Bryl, Paula Szcześniewska, Agata Dutkiewicz, Agnieszka Słopień, Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz, Tomasz Hanć","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00344-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00344-1","url":null,"abstract":"Overweight and obesity among children have become significant global health concerns. Previous studies have highlighted the potential role of genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes, as well as environmental factors in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between genetic, socioeconomic and perinatal factors, adverse childhood events (ACEs), and lifestyle, and their impact on overweight, obesity and body composition parameters in children. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between genetic factors and ACEs. Four hundred fifty-six children aged 6–12 years participated in our study. Information on the socioeconomic status, perinatal factors, ACEs and lifestyle of the children was collected with a questionnaire completed by their parents/guardians. We examined the children’s body weight and conducted an electrical bioimpedance analysis. Overweight and obesity were diagnosed based on the International Obesity Task Force and McCarthy criteria. We genotyped two selected polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes using the TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination method. Higher BMI (Body Mass Index) z scores were related to higher paternal BMI and lower maternal age at the child’s birth. Higher FMI (Fat Mass Index) z scores were associated with higher paternal BMI, increased gestational weight, lower maternal education and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Higher FatM (fat mass in kg) z scores were linked to lower maternal education, lower maternal age at the child’s birth, higher maternal body weight gain, paternal BMI and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Moreover, interaction effects were observed on BMI z scores between ACE and FTO AA, and on FMI z scores and FatM z scored between ACE and MC4R CC. The contribution of environmental factors is more strongly related to changes in body composition than genetic ones. Additionally, the presence of the risk allele combined with unfavourable environmental factors like ACEs leads to visible interaction effects, resulting in increased BMI z scores and FMI z scores in children.","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum albumin levels and height loss in Japanese workers: a retrospective study.","authors":"Yuji Shimizu, Hidenobu Hayakawa, Eiko Honda, Nagisa Sasaki, Midori Takada, Takeo Okada, Tetsuya Ohira, Masahiko Kiyama","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00338-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00338-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Height loss starting in middle age was previously shown to be associated with high cardiovascular mortality in later life. However, the factors associated with height loss remain unknown. Since low serum albumin levels are reported to be associated with high mortality caused by cardiovascular disease, they may also contribute to height loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To clarify the association between serum albumin and height loss, we conducted a retrospective study of 7637 Japanese workers who participated in general health check-ups from 2008 to 2019. Height loss was defined as the highest quartile of height loss per year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individual with high serum concentration of albumin possess beneficial influence on preventing incidence of height loss. In both men and women, serum albumin level was significantly inversely associated with height loss. After adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors, the adjusted odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for height loss per 1 standard deviation of albumin (0.2 g/dL for both men and women) were 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) in men and 0.86 (0.79, 0.95) in women. Even when the analysis was limited to participants without hypoalbuminemia, essentially same association was observed, with fully adjusted corresponding ORs (95%CI) of 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) in men and 0.86 (0.78, 0.94) in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, higher serum albumin levels may prevent height loss among Japanese workers. While several different diseases cause hypoalbuminemia, they may not be the main reasons for the association between serum albumin and height loss. Though further research is necessary, this finding may help clarify the mechanisms underlying the association between height loss and higher mortality in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10498632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10243975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of bathing-induced changes in body temperature on sleep.","authors":"Takafumi Maeda, Hiroko Koga, Takashi Nonaka, Shigekazu Higuchi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00337-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00337-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Passive body heating before sleep is well known to lead to improved sleep. However, the effects of the degree of change in body temperature by bathing on sleep quality are unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the effects on sleep of bathing-induced changes in body temperature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three healthy males and females in their 20 s to 50 s bathed in their homes 1.5-2 h before bedtime under three bathing conditions: showering only; short bathing in a bathtub; and long bathing in a bathtub. Sublingual and skin temperatures and thermal sensation before and after bathing, sleep indices such as sleep onset latency, time in bed, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset, all of which were evaluated using an actimeter, and subjective evaluations of sleep were compared among conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sublingual temperature just after bathing was significantly higher with long bathing than with other conditions, and the fall in sublingual temperature from after bathing to before sleep was significantly larger with long bathing than with short bathing. Sleep onset latency by actimeter was significantly reduced with long bathing compared to showering. In addition, subjective evaluations of falling asleep and sleep quality were better with long bathing than with showering or short bathing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, bathing conditions that produce a 0.9 °C increase in sublingual temperature appear effective for falling asleep and sleep quality, because core temperature shows a greater drop to before sleep than those producing an increase of about 0.3 °C increase in sublingual temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10567866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of others' gaze and facial expression on an observer's microsaccades and their association with ADHD tendencies.","authors":"Yuki Motomura, Sayuri Hayashi, Ryousei Kurose, Hiroki Yoshida, Takashi Okada, Shigekazu Higuchi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00335-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00335-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the effect of others' gaze on an observer's microsaccades. We also aimed to conduct preliminary investigations on the relationship between the microsaccadic response to a gaze and a gazer's facial expression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tendencies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy undergraduate and graduate students performed a peripheral target detection task by using unpredictable gaze cues. During the task, the participants' eye movements, along with changes in pupil size and response times for target detection, were recorded. ADHD tendencies were determined using an ADHD questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that consciously perceiving the gaze of another person induced the observer's attention; moreover, microsaccades were biased in the direction opposite to the gaze. Furthermore, these microsaccade biases were differentially modulated, based on the cognitive processing of the facial expressions of the gaze. Exploratory correlation analysis indicated that microsaccade biases toward gazes with fearful expressions may specifically be correlated with participant characteristics, including inattention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support that microsaccades reflect spatial attention processing and social cognitive processing. Moreover, the exploratory correlation analysis results suggested the potential benefit of using microsaccade bias toward spatial attention to assess pathophysiological responses associated with ADHD tendencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexithymia characteristics are associated with salience network activity in healthy participants: an arterial spin labeling study.","authors":"Yuki Motomura, Ayaka Fukuzaki, Sanami Eto, Naoki Hirabayashi, Motoharu Gondo, Satoshi Izuno, Osamu Togao, Koji Yamashita, Kazufumi Kikuchi, Nobuyuki Sudo, Kazufumi Yoshihara","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00336-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00336-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing their emotions despite having a range of emotional experiences, can impact individuals' stress coping mechanisms. While many studies have investigated brain functions associated with specific tasks in relation to emotion processing, research focusing on resting-state brain functions has been limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and brain function by analyzing arterial spin labeling (ASL) data obtained during the resting state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A brain structural and functional imaging study was conducted on 42 healthy adult men and women using ASL and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) questionnaire survey. Cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity values were calculated for regions of interest in the default mode network, saliency network, and central executive network from the ASL data. Correlation analysis was performed with TAS20 scores, and partial correlation analysis was conducted to control for anxiety and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The functional connectivity analysis revealed a negative correlation between the functional connectivity of the right insular cortex and left anterior cingulate cortex and the total score of TAS, as well as difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feeling subscores, indicating that the higher the scores, the weaker the functional connectivity between these regions (T = -3.830, p = 0.0013, R = -0.5180). This correlation remained significant even after controlling for anxiety and depression using partial correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study revealed differences in the activity of the Saliency Network at rest as measured by ASL, which were independent of anxiety and depression, and varied depending on the severity of alexithymia. This functional change may underlie the neural basis of decreased emotional processing observed in alexithymia. These findings may contribute to the elucidation of the neural mechanisms of alexithymia, which can lead to social impairments, and suggest the usefulness of ASL measurement as a biomarker of alexithymia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10483865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10556591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between colorectal cancer and different types of dietary fat intake: a case-control study.","authors":"Azadeh Hajipour, Naeemeh Hassanpour Ardekanizadeh, Zahra Roumi, Soheila Shekari, Bahareh Aminnezhad Kavkani, Seyedeh Hayedeh Mousavi Shalmani, Bojlul Bahar, Shirin Tajadod, Marjan Ajami, Ghasem Azizi Tabesh, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Saeid Doaei","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00333-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00333-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Some dietary factors such as fat intake have been identified as the risk factors for CRC. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between CRC and different types of dietary fats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was performed on 135 CRC cases and 294 healthy controls in Tehran, Iran. Data on demographic factors, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, the intake of different types of dietary fats, and FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism was collected from all participants. The association between cancer and dietary fat intake in individuals with different FTO genotypes was assessed using different models of logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oleic acid intake was higher in the case group compared to the control group in both people with TT (7.2±3.46 vs. 5.83±3.06 g/d, P=0.02) and AA/AT genotypes (8.7±6.23 vs. 5.57 ±3.2 g/d, P<0.001). Among carriers of AA/AT genotypes of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism, a positive association was found between CRC and higher intakes of oleic acid (OR=1.12, CI95% 1.03-1.21, P=0.01) and cholesterol (OR=1.01, CI95% 1.00-1.02; P=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, calorie intake, and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher intakes of cholesterol and oleic acid were associated with a higher risk of CRC in FTO-risk allele carriers. The association of CRC and dietary fat may be influenced by the FTO genotype. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10404375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9948576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, and dynapenia with the onset and progression of locomotive syndrome in Japanese older adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hungu Jung, Shigeharu Tanaka, Shusei Kataoka, Ryo Tanaka","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00334-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-023-00334-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia commonly occurs in older adults with motor disorders requiring long-term care, and the clinical features of sarcopenia are associated with locomotive syndrome. Dynapenia is the age-related loss of muscle strength. However, the association of sarcopenia and dynapenia with the onset and progression of locomotive syndrome in older adults remains unknown. The current study aimed to determine the association of sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, and dynapenia with the onset and progression of locomotive syndrome in Japanese older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included older females (n = 264, 73.9 ± 5.8 years) and males (n = 92, 76.3 ± 6.1 years). Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle function and mass; pre-sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass with normal muscle function; and dynapenia was defined as low muscle function without low muscle mass. Locomotive syndrome (stage 0-2) severity was determined using the stand-up test, the two-step test, and the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between sarcopenia category and locomotive syndrome stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age (1.208, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.124-1.298), sex (2.455, 95% CI 1.241-4.856), and BMI (1.211, 95% CI 1.077-1.361) were significant variables for determining locomotive syndrome stage ≥ 1, whereas pre-sarcopenia (0.543, 95% CI 0.331-0.891) and sarcopenia (1.664, 95% CI 1.005-2.755) were significant variables for determining locomotive syndrome stage 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Only sarcopenia was associated with locomotive syndrome progression, while low muscle mass or low muscle function was not associated with locomotive syndrome. Gaining muscle mass accompanied by an increased muscle function for older adults is warranted to prevent locomotive syndrome progression in the super-aged society.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9945764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Few dental indices in modern Bulgarian population from southern Bulgaria.","authors":"Zdravka Harizanova,&nbsp;Atanas Baltadjiev,&nbsp;Ferihan Popova,&nbsp;Marieta Peycheva","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00332-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00332-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 232 Bulgarians aged 20-40 years. Mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper and analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Four interdental indices were calculated: inter-incisive, premolar, upper, and lower molar indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a decrease in the percentage ratio of the lateral to the central incisors of people from the Bulgarian population compared to those dating from the Eneolithic period on the territory of Bulgaria. Furthermore, we found a reduction in the percentage ratio of the upper and lower second molars compared to the first ones. The biggest reduction in the percentage ratio (more than 6%) was found in the lower second premolars compared to the first ones, which is characteristic for southern Bulgarians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a dental reduction in all the distal members compared to the medial ones participating in one morphological dental group. As a result, we think that interdental indices can be used for explaining historical, cultural, and biological macro and microevolutionary processes and thus for understanding the origin, formation, contacts, and migration pathways of the different populations leading to ethnic variation of humanity. Therefore, they can be a reliable source of information in physiological anthropology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sitting vs. supine ultrasound measurements of the vastus medialis: correlations with MRI measurements and age considerations.","authors":"Masashi Taniguchi,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Fukumoto,&nbsp;Masahide Yagi,&nbsp;Tetsuya Hirono,&nbsp;Momoko Yamagata,&nbsp;Ryusuke Nakai,&nbsp;Yosuke Yamada,&nbsp;Misaka Kimura,&nbsp;Noriaki Ichihashi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-023-00331-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-023-00331-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) measurements are ultrasound alternatives to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating muscle quantity and quality. The vastus medialis (VM) is a clinically important muscle, and assessment methods that most accurately reflect its quantity and quality are required. This study aimed to examine the correlation between MT and EI measured in the supine and sitting postures with corresponding MRI-measured muscle quantity and quality indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 134 adults (91 older and 43 young) participated in this study. Ultrasound images of the VM were acquired in the supine and sitting postures, and MT and EI were measured. The cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle volume (MV), and intramuscular adipose tissue (intraMAT) of the VM were evaluated from MRI images using T1-weighted and Dixon methods. Pearson's coefficients were used to quantify the correlation strength amongst pairs of dependent variables. Meng's test was used to test for correlation coefficient differences between the two measurement postures (supine and sitting).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correlation coefficients amongst MT, CSA, and MV were significantly higher in the sitting posture than in the supine posture. EI measured in the supine and sitting postures correlated significantly with intraMAT, and in young individuals, these correlation coefficients were significantly higher in the sitting posture than in the supine posture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that assessment of VM muscle quantity in the sitting posture is superior for young and older individuals, and assessment of VM muscle quality in the sitting posture is most effective in younger individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":"42 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10350276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9824078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}