Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Influence of filtering on the effective concentration and sterility of a 2% cyclosporine ophthalmic solution: a quality improvement perspective.","authors":"Masakazu Ozaki, Toshihiko Kobayashi, Aki Fujinaga, Mitsuaki Nishioka, Kyoko Shikichi, Satoshi Okano, Yasuhito Sakai, Sayumi Fujii, Nobuaki Matsui, Miwako Takasago, Naoto Okada, Takahiro Yamasaki, Takashi Kitahara","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00323-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-023-00323-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmaceutical companies do not sell formulations for all diseases; thus, healthcare workers have to treat some diseases by concocting in-hospital preparations. An example is the high-concentration 2% cyclosporine A (CyA) ophthalmic solution. Utilizing a filter in sterility operations is a general practice for concocting in-hospital preparations, as is the case for preparing a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution. However, whether filtering is appropriate concerning the active ingredient content and bacterial contamination according to the post-preparing quality control of a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution is yet to be verified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted particle size, preparation concentration, and bacterial contamination studies to clarify aforementioned questions. First, we measured the particle size of CyA through a laser diffraction particle size distribution. Next, we measured the concentration after preparation with or without a 0.45-µm filter operation using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Finally, bacterial contamination tests were conducted using an automated blood culture system to prepare a 2% CyA ophthalmic solution without a 0.45 μm filtering. Regarding the pore size of the filter in this study, it was set to 0.45 μm with reference to the book (the 6th edition) with recipes for the preparation of in-hospital preparations edited by the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CyA had various particle sizes; approximately 30% of the total particles exceeded 0.45 μm. The mean ± standard deviation of filtered and non-filtered CyA concentrations in ophthalmic solutions were 346.51 ± 170.76 and 499.74 ± 76.95ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.011). Regarding bacterial contamination tests, aerobes and anaerobes microorganisms were not detected in 14 days of culture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the results of this study, the concentration of CyA may be reduced by using a 0.45-µm filter during the preparation of CyA ophthalmic solutions, and furthermore that the use of a 0.45-µm filter may not contribute to sterility when preparing CyA ophthalmic solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10752018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the bleeding risk scoring system for optimal prophylactic anticoagulation therapy of venous thromboembolism in trauma patients: a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study.","authors":"Atsushi Tomizawa, Takaaki Maruhashi, Akito Shibuya, Akihiko Akamine, Masayuki Kuroiwa, Yuichi Kataoka, Yasushi Asari, Koichiro Atsuda, Katsuya Otori","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00319-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-023-00319-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We developed a bleeding risk scoring system (BRSS) using prophylactic anticoagulation therapy to comprehensively assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in trauma patients. This study evaluated the usefulness of this system in trauma patients, with a focus on minimizing the rate of bleeding events associated with prophylactic anticoagulation therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of BRSS in trauma patients who received prophylactic anticoagulation therapy for VTE at the Kitasato University Hospital Emergency and Critical Care Center between April 1, 2015, and August 31, 2020. To compare the incidence of bleeding events, patients were divided into two groups: one group using the BRSS (BRSS group) and another group not using the BRSS (non-BRSS group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 patients were enrolled in this study, with 70 and 24 patients assigned to the non-BRSS and BRSS groups, respectively. The major bleeding event rates were not significantly different between the two groups (BRSS group, 4.2%; non-BRSS group, 5.7%; p = 1.000). However, minor bleeding events were significantly reduced in the BRSS group (4.2% vs.27.1%; p = 0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BRSS was not an independent influencing factor of major bleeding events (odds ratio, 0.660; 95% confidence interval: 0.067-6.47; p = 0.721). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BRSS was an independent influencing factor of minor bleeding events (odds ratio, 0.119; 95% confidence interval: 0.015-0.97; p = 0.047). The incidence of VTE did not differ significantly between groups (BRSS group, 4.2%; non-BRSS group, 8.6%; p = 0.674).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BRSS may be a useful tool for reducing the incidence of minor bleeding events during the initial prophylactic anticoagulation therapy in trauma patients. There are several limitations of this study that need to be addressed in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138805318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of HBcrAg levels on HBsAg seroconversion after HBV rebound: a case report.","authors":"Maki Ohkubo, Kuniaki Fukuda, Shigeru Chiba, Masato Homma","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00321-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-023-00321-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nucleoside analogues (NAs) such as entecavir are required for at least 12 months when patients with resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection develop HBV reactivation. Entecavir treatment does not always achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion. The cessation of NA for HBV reactivation sometimes causes HBV rebound. The impact of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) on predicting HBV rebound is controversial.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 67-year-old woman with resolved HBV infection received rituximab for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Since she tested positive for HBV-DNA after the first rituximab therapy (day 0), entecavir treatment was started. Because the HBV-DNA test became negative and her liver function had been normal, entecavir was terminated on day 376. According to the retrospective measurements, HBcrAg remained positive while the HBV-DNA level was undetectable. One hundred forty-one days after entecavir cessation, the HBV-DNA turned positive again, suggesting HBV rebound (day 517). Her liver function deteriorated and HBV infection worsened, even though entecavir treatment was resumed on day 615. On the contrary, hepatitis B surface antibody levels increased after the rebound, resulting in HBsAg seroconversion with HBcrAg and HBV-DNA levels undetectable. HBV reactivation has not been detected after the second entecavir cessation, and both HBcrAg and HBV-DNA levels remained undetectable.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This case suggests that NA cessation induced-HBV rebound achieved HBsAg seroconversion under the guidance of a hepatologist. Since HBcrAg had been detectable while HBV-DNA was undetectable, HBcrAg may be an index for predicting HBV rebound resulting in HBsAg seroconversion as well as other conventional laboratory tests. Prospective measuring HBcrAg is required to confirm this case report.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138805319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence of denosumab treatment for low bone mineral density in Japanese people living with HIV: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Yusuke Kunimoto, Ryosuke Matamura, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hiroto Horiguchi, Satoshi Fujii, Masayoshi Kobune, Masahide Fukudo, Takaki Toda","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00315-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-023-00315-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term care issues, specifically metabolic bone disorders, are a concern for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) who undergo life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART). Previous clinical trials with denosumab, an anti-RANKL antibody inhibitor, have revealed its effectiveness in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with osteoporosis. However, there are limited data on adherence and effectiveness of denosumab treatment for osteoporosis in PLWH. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the adherence and effectiveness of denosumab treatment for osteoporosis in Japanese PLWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a retrospective exploratory analysis of 29 Japanese PLWH who initiated denosumab treatment for osteoporosis, between 2013 and 2021. The study included patients who received at least one dose of denosumab every 6 months. Adherence and persistence were defined as receiving two consecutive injections of denosumab 6 months ± 4 weeks apart and 6 months + 8 weeks apart, respectively. The primary outcome measure of the study was the adherence of denosumab treatment for 24 months. The secondary outcome measures included treatment persistence and BMD. The period after January 2020 was defined as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period, and its impact on adherence was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment adherence rates at 12 and 24 months were 89.7% and 60.7%, respectively. By contrast, the treatment persistence at 12 and 24 months was 100% and 85.7%, respectively. More patients in the group who initiated denosumab treatment after the COVID-19 pandemic reached non-adherence than in the group who initiated denosumab treatment before the pandemic. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck significantly increased compared to that at baseline, with median percentage changes of 8.7% (p < 0.001) and 3.5% (p = 0.001), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that patients in the study had a high rate of non-adherence but a lower rate of non-persistence. Additionally, PLWH on ongoing ART experienced increased BMD with denosumab treatment. This study provides an opportunity to improve future strategies for denosumab treatment in the Japanese PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10702095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138498641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation of tacrolimus concentration after administration of methotrexate for treatment of graft-versus-host disease in pediatric patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","authors":"Chiaki Inoue, Takehito Yamamoto, Hiroshi Miyata, Hiroshi Suzuki, Tappei Takada","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00306-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-023-00306-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methotrexate (MTX) is used to treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Recently, a case was encountered in which the blood concentration of tacrolimus (TCR) at steady state increased after intravenous MTX administration for GVHD treatment (therapeutic IV-MTX administration). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of therapeutic IV-MTX administration on the pharmacokinetics of TCR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, retrospective, observational study included patients who underwent allo-HSCT and received therapeutic IV-MTX administration during immunosuppressive therapy with continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) of TCR from April 2004 to December 2021. Here, each therapeutic IV-MTX administration was defined as a case and independently subjected to subsequent analyses. The blood concentration of TCR at steady state (C_ss), ratio of C_ss to daily TCR dose (C/D), and clinical laboratory data were compared before and after therapeutic IV-MTX administration. In addition, dose changes in the TCR after therapeutic IV-MTX administration were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten patients (23 cases) were included in this study. The C/D value significantly increased after therapeutic IV-MTX administration (median: 697 vs. 771 (ng/mL)/(mg/kg), 1.16-fold increase, P < 0.05), indicating a reduction in the apparent clearance of TCR. Along with the increase in C/D, significant increases were observed in aspartate transaminase level (median: 51.0 vs. 92.9 U/L, P < 0.01) and alanine aminotransferase level (median: 74.5 vs. 99.4 U/L, P < 0.01) indicating that liver injury after therapeutic IV-MTX administration contributes to the observed C/D increase. In addition, the daily dose of TCR was reduced in 11 cases (47.8%) after therapeutic IV-MTX administration, and the relative frequency of dose reduction tended to be higher than that of dose increase (median: 37.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0519, permuted Brunner-Munzel test). The magnitude of dose reduction was 18.8% (7.4-50.0%) in the 11 cases with dose reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapeutic IV-MTX administration cause a significant increase in C/D, which requires TCR dose reduction. Careful therapeutic drug monitoring of TCR is needed after therapeutic IV-MTX administration in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with TCR after allo-HSCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138482440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of CYP3A activity by dexamethasone may not be strong, even at high doses: insights from a case of tacrolimus co-administration.","authors":"Yoshiyuki Ohno, Toyohito Oriyama, Akira Honda, Mineo Kurokawa, Tappei Takada","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00310-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-023-00310-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dexamethasone (DEX) induces CYP3A activity in a concentration-dependent manner. However, no study has examined changes in the blood concentration of CYP3A substrate drugs when DEX is administered at high doses. Herein, we present a case in which tacrolimus (TAC), a typical CYP3A substrate drug, was co-administered with a chemotherapy regimen that included high-dose DEX.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 71-year-old woman underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma 18 years prior to her inclusion in this case study. She was receiving TAC orally at 2 mg/day and had a stable trough blood concentration of approximately 4 ng/mL and a trough blood concentration/dose (C/D) ratio of approximately 2. The patient was diagnosed with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (histological type: Burkitt's lymphoma) after admission. Thereafter, the patient received cyclophosphamide-prednisolone (CP), followed by two courses of R-HyperCVAD (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and DEX) and R-MA (rituximab, methotrexate, and cytarabine) replacement therapy. DEX (33 mg/day) was administered intravenously on days 1-4 and days 11-14 of R-HyperCVAD treatment, and aprepitant (APR) was administered on days 1-5 in both courses. The TAC C/D ratio decreased to approximately 1 on day 11 during both courses, and then increased. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in the TAC C/D ratio was observed after R-MA therapy. The decrease in the TAC C/D ratio was attributed to APR administration rather than to DEX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The induction of CYP3A activity by a high dose of DEX may not be strong. The pharmacokinetic information on DEX and in vitro enzyme activity induction studies also suggested that CYP3A activity induction is not prominent under high-dose DEX treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of patients’ thoughts and background factors influencing attitudes toward Deprescribing: interviews to obtain hints for highly satisfying and valid prescriptions","authors":"Sayaka Arai, Takahiro Ishikawa, K. Arai, Takaaki Suzuki, Itsuko Ishii","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00325-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-023-00325-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of combined use of Suvorexant and Ramelteon in preventing postoperative delirium: a retrospective comparative study.","authors":"Shoya Ikeuchi, Rei Tanaka, Teiichi Sugiura, Kaori Shinsato, Akane Wakabayashi, Junya Sato, Keiko Suzuki, Michihiro Shino","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00311-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-023-00311-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suvorexant and ramelteon have been presented as useful for preventing postoperative delirium. Previous studies reported on the comparison with benzodiazepine hypnotics which have been known for the risk for inducing delirium, but the comparison with patients not taking any hypnotics has not been reported yet. Therefore, we assessed the incidence rates for postoperative delirium comparing cancer patients who received preoperative combined administration with suvorexant and ramelteon and those not taking any hypnotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 110 cancer patients who underwent surgeries at the Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery at the Shizuoka Cancer Center between April 1, 2017 and June 30, 2020, 50 patients who received combined administration with suvorexant and ramelteon from 7 days prior to their surgeries and 60 patients who did not take any hypnotics including suvorexant and ramelteon were classified. They were retrospectively observed during the 7 days from their surgeries onward to compare the cumulative incidence rates for postoperative delirium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative incidence rate for postoperative delirium during the 7 days in the combined-administration group was 14.0% (7/50), while that for the no-hypnotic group was 36.7% (22/60), which proved that the incidence rate for the former was significantly low (OR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.11-0.73, P = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study suggests that the preventive combined administration with suvorexant and ramelteon starting from the preoperative period for cancer patients can be effective in lowering the incidence rate for postoperative delirium.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced blood glucose levels by the combination of vadadustat in an elderly patient with chronic kidney disease who was receiving mitiglinide and sitagliptin: a case report","authors":"A. Takakura, Toshinori Hirai, Naomi Hamaguchi, Rika Mukohara, Kazutaka Matsumoto, Yutaka Yano, Takuya Iwamoto","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00316-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-023-00316-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata)","authors":"Kensuke Nakajima, S. Okubo, Tomoe Ohta, T. Uto, S. Oiso","doi":"10.1186/s40780-023-00309-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-023-00309-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}