Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Antidiabetic effects of fennel leaf aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.","authors":"Mahdi Noureddini, Maryam Akbari, Zeinab Vahidinia, Samaneh Sadat Alavi, Majid Nejati, Mohammad Ali Atlasi","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00458-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00458-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disease in the world population. There is evidences on the anti-hyperglycemic effects of different parts of fennel; however, the reports about antidiabetic activity of fennel leaves are not enough. In this experiment, effects of fennel leaf aqueous extract on biochemical alterations and the histopathology of the pancreas in alloxan induced diabetic rats were studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty adult male rats were divided into five groups: the non-diabetic and the diabetic control groups, and three diabetic groups treated with different doses of fennel leaf extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day). Blood glucose, body weight, serum insulin and C-peptide levels were determined. The pancreas histology was evaluated by preparation of paraffin sections. They were stained using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Morphometrically, the mean number and the area of the islets of Langerhans were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fennel leaf extract in different doses caused a reduction in blood glucose, and an increase in body weight, serum insulin and C-peptide. In diabetic treated rats, fennel leaf extract significantly increased the number and area of the Islets of Langerhans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated the anti-hyperglycemic effects of fennel leaf extract and morphologic improvement of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in alloxan induced diabetic rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extravascular leakage of dexrazoxane that occurred in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report.","authors":"Nao Wakamiya, Masanori Suzuki, Tatsuya Isezaki, Ryohkan Funakoshi","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00446-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00446-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dexrazoxane is used to treat extravascular leakage of anthracycline antitumor agents, but its own extravascular leakage and management remain underreported. This case aimed to highlight both doxorubicin and dexrazoxane leakage during treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 55-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed doxorubicin leakage during rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) therapy, which was treated with dexrazoxane. Subsequently, dexrazoxane leakage occurred, causing erythema and swelling. Topical clobetasol propionate was applied, leading to symptom resolution without necrosis. The patient successfully completed chemotherapy and achieved long-term remission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case report is one of the first to document the management of dexrazoxane extravascular leakage using topical steroids, effectively preventing severe outcomes. The findings suggest that topical steroids may be a desirable treatment approach for dexrazoxane leakage. Prompt intervention and interdisciplinary care contributed to the favorable outcome. This case highlights the need for further research and guideline refinement to optimize the management of inflammatory extravascular leakage.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to guidelines for antibiotics used in the initial treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients with cancer: a study using health insurance claims database in Japan.","authors":"Kanako Mizuno, Ryo Inose, Ryota Goto, Yuichi Muraki","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00455-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00455-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a causative microorganism of febrile neutropenia (FN), accounts for approximately 15% of bloodstream infections and is associated with a high mortality rate. Therefore, antibiotics with anti-P. aeruginosa activity should be administered appropriately during the initial treatment of FN. While other countries have examined guideline adherence and its associated factors in FN initial treatment, limited data are available on these aspects in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate adherence to FN treatment guidelines regarding antibiotics used in patients with cancer and identify factors associated with adherence using a Japanese health insurance claims database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the JMDC hospital-based administrative claims database between April 2014 and August 2022 obtained from JMDC Inc. Hospitalized patients with cancer with a definitive diagnosis of FN were included in the study. FN cases were defined as patients who underwent bacteriological culture and identification test for blood in the same month as their first definitive FN diagnosis. The date of the first bacteriological culture and identification test for blood was considered the date of the first FN definitive diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 31,947 patients diagnosed with FN, 12,008 underwent bacteriological culture and identification test for blood in the same month as their FN diagnosis. After applying exclusion criteria, 11,292 patients were included in the analysis. The overall adherence rate to FN treatment guidelines for initial antibiotic selection in Japan was 78.8% and remained stable over time, consistently above 75%. Factors significantly associated with guidelines adherence included patients with hematologic malignancies (OR: 1.117, 95% CI: 1.007-1.239). The study also identified trends in antibiotic use in initial treatment. The use of penicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitor significantly increased over time (r = 0.01621, p < 0.001), while carbapenem use significantly decreased (r = -0.00813, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed an FN guideline adherence rate of 78.8% in Japan, along with changes in antibiotic prescribing patterns, including a trend toward carbapenem-sparing strategies between 2014 and 2022. Continuous surveillance is necessary, as adherence rates and antibiotic selection may be influenced by future guideline revisions and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of edoxaban in Japanese adults with atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Satoshi Ueshima, Daiki Hira, Sayana Matsuda, Rio Michihata, Yohei Tabuchi, Tomoya Ozawa, Hideki Itoh, Moritake Iguchi, Masaharu Akao, Takanori Aizawa, Asami Kashiwa, Satoshi Shizuta, Takeru Makiyama, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Minoru Horie, Tomohiro Terada, Toshiya Katsura","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00453-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00453-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Edoxaban is used as an anti-coagulant to prevent cardioembolic infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Edoxaban pharmacokinetics have been reported to be affected by several factors such as renal function, age, body weight, and the concomitant use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors. However, the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters and the inter-individual variability of edoxaban pharmacokinetics in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. Additionally, there is little information concerning PPK analysis using real world data. In this study a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic analysis was conducted to clarify covariate factors affecting the edoxaban pharmacokinetics in Japanese adult AF patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and thirty-one blood samples were collected from 131 patients. The edoxaban pharmacokinetic profile was described by a one-compartment model, and pharmacogenomic data were stratified according to CYP3A5 (CYP3A5*3) and ABCB1 (ABCB1 1236 C > T, 2677G > T/A, and 3435 C > T) polymorphisms. A non-linear mixed-effects modeling software (NONMEM™) was used to evaluate the effects of patient characteristics and genetic polymorphisms on the edoxaban pharmacokinetics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The apparent oral clearance (CL/F) of edoxaban was estimated, and the apparent volume of distribution was fixed at the reported value. The CL/F of edoxaban was correlated non-linearly with creatinine clearance (CLcr), wherein the population mean CL/F for a typical patient (CLcr = 61.8 mL/min) was estimated to be 28.2 L/h. Other clinical laboratory data and genetic polymorphisms, excluding CLcr, did not affect the edoxaban pharmacokinetics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 are not considered intrinsic factors affecting edoxaban pharmacokinetics in Japanese adult AF patients. Similarly to previous studies, renal function affects its pharmacokinetics. These findings may provide useful information for individualized anticoagulant therapy with edoxaban to prevent adverse events without reference to genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 and ABCB1.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shortening the interval between the first and the second dose of vancomycin facilitates rapid achievement of the target AUC without increasing the risk of acute kidney injury, provided the AUC on the second day is appropriately controlled: a multicenter retrospective study.","authors":"Tomoyuki Ishigo, Ayako Suzuki, Yuta Ibe, Satoshi Fujii, Masahide Fukudo, Hiroaki Yoshida, Hiroaki Tanaka, Hisato Fujihara, Fumihiro Yamaguchi, Fumiya Ebihara, Takumi Maruyama, Yukihiro Hamada, Yusuke Yagi, Masaru Samura, Fumio Nagumo, Toshiaki Komatsu, Atsushi Tomizawa, Akitoshi Takuma, Hiroaki Chiba, Yoshifumi Nishi, Yuki Enoki, Kazuaki Taguchi, Kazuaki Matsumoto","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00452-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00452-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of shortening or extending a vancomycin dosing interval on early attainment of target blood levels and acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between the interval of the first and second doses of vancomycin and early area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and AKI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (≥ 18 years) who started vancomycin and had trough/peak blood samples were included. The definition of shortened interval as the first and second doses of vancomycin was < 12 h. The cumulative incidence of AKI within 21 days was compared using the shortened interval and AUC on day 1 and 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 668 patients (median age 69 [interquartile range (IQR): 57, 78] years, 40% female), the proportion achieving an AUC ≥ 400 µg·h/mL on day 1 was significantly higher in the shortened-interval group (82% vs. 50%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed no association between a shortened interval (hazards ratio [HR], 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-1.91]; p = 0.750) or an AUC > 600 µg·h/mL on day 1 alone (HR, 2.17 [95% CI, 0.64-7.42]; p = 0.220) and AKI onset. However, an AUC > 600 µg·h/mL on day 2 alone (HR, 2.92 [95% CI, 1.45-5.87]; p = 0.003) or on both days (HR, 11.18 [95% CI, 5.07-24.67]; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with increased AKI risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shortening the dosing interval facilitates early achievement of target AUC without increasing AKI risk, provided AUC on day 2 is appropriately controlled.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an antimicrobial time-out program on antimicrobial consumption rate in hospitalized patients: a quasi-experimental study on the national antimicrobial stewardship program in Iran : Iranian antimicrobial stewardship program.","authors":"Mohammadreza Salehi, Marzieh Arabi, Hossein Khalili, Yunes Panahi, Erta Rajabi, Esmaeil Mohammadnejad, Amir-Mohammad Yaryari, Arash Seifi, Mitra Barati, Kousha Farhadi","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00451-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00451-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the impact of the national antimicrobial stewardship program (NASP) on the consumption of antimicrobial agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted on hospitalized patients at a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. We compared the antimicrobial-defined daily dose (DDD) and antimicrobial consumption index (ACI) between the third quarter of 2022 (before the implementation of NASP after the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022) and the same timeframe in 2023, following the NASP implementation. The NASP was based on antimicrobial time-out assessment. Within 72 h of prescribing meropenem, imipenem, linezolid, vancomycin, voriconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B liposomal, infectious disease specialists audited the clinical and microbiological evidence of patients to assess whether it was consistent with the correct prescription.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antimicrobial consumption rate was assessed in 13,794 and 15,030 hospitalized patients during the third quarter of 2022 and the third quarter of 2023, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay and mortality rate showed no significant differences. The consumption of all restricted antimicrobials decreased. This reduction was significant for imipenem, caspofungin, vancomycin, and linezolid. The total cost of antimicrobial agents had a 22.24% reduction after the NASP implementation (P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The antimicrobial time-out program was associated with a reduction in the use of antimicrobials, including imipenem, linezolid, and vancomycin and antifungals, such as caspofungin without increasing the length of stay and mortality rate. The NASP implementation can be recommended as a beneficial method for reducing the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRIK1 genotype and effect of topiramate for alcohol use: a systematic review.","authors":"Kazumasa Kotake, Satoru Matsunuma","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00449-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00449-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Topiramate has shown efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption and is increasingly used off-label for individuals with harmful alcohol use. However, findings regarding the moderating effect of the GRIK1 rs2832407 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on treatment outcomes remain inconsistent, highlighting the need for a review of the current evidence. We evaluated whether the GRIK1 rs2832407 SNP moderates the efficacy and safety of topiramate treatment for alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched multiple databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform up to December 1, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatment outcomes of topiramate in patients with alcohol use who were homozygous for the C allele at rs2832407 with those carrying one or more A alleles at rs2832407 were included. Primary outcomes were heavy drinking days (HDDs) and percentage of days abstinent (PDA), and the secondary outcome was side effects. Each outcome was evaluated using version 2 of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included four RCTs. Among three studies evaluating HDDs, only one study demonstrated genotype effects, demonstrating a reduction in HDDs among CC carriers. Of two studies examining PDA, only one revealed genotype effects, indicating an increase in PDA. Side effects were evaluated in two studies, both of which assessed the severity of side effects, but with conflicting results regarding the effect of genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review highlights the current lack of sufficient evidence to confirm the pharmacogenetic effect of the GRIK1 rs2832407 SNP on the efficacy or safety of topiramate treatment in individuals with harmful alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This research was prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/z2awu/ ).</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of pharmacists about anti-epileptic drugs in Sudan: a cross-sectional analytical study.","authors":"Fatima O Abdelsalam, Shahd A Mohamed, Asgad A Altrafi, Doha E Balla, Abdalrahman M Abdalrahman, Awab K Atta, Abdalfattah M Abdelrahim, Salsabil A SeedAhmed, Alhumaira Wedaa, Yousif B Hamadalneel","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00450-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00450-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pharmacists play essential roles in the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), inadequate knowledge among community and hospital pharmacists regarding AEDs poses a significant challenge in ensuring optimal medication management and patient care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the knowledge of pharmacists about antiepileptic drugs in Sudan.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Atbara, Gadarif, Kassala, and Port Sudan, Sudan. Using stratified, convenience sampling technique. We collected data directly via a modified, validated English questionnaire from the 1st to the 30th of October 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 384 pharmacists were included. Among them, 300 (78.1%) were under 35 years of age, and the majority of participants were male 213 (55.5%), 157 (40.9%) had a basic bachelor's degree, and 330 (85.9%) received specialized AEDs training. The overall median score of knowledge percentages among participants was 10, with an interquartile range of 30 {25- (-5)}. Only 25 participants (6.5%) demonstrated good knowledge, while a majority of 359 (93.5%) exhibited poor knowledge. There was a statistically significant correlation between years of experience (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.437; 95% CI 0.224-0.855; p value 0.016) and training on AEDs (AOR 0.085; 95% CI 0.031-0.233; p value 0.001) with their level of good knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that the majority of pharmacists in Sudan had a poor level of knowledge about AEDs. The level of knowledge was associated with years of experience and training on AEDs. These results highlight the need for pharmacists to have more training and more exposure to epilepsy and its management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is associated with improved activities of daily living and rehabilitation in older adult patients following a fracture: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Eiji Kose, Hidetatsu Endo, Hiroko Hori, Shingo Hosono, Chiaki Kawamura, Yuta Kodama, Takashi Yamazaki, Toshimi Kimura","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00445-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40780-025-00445-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insufficient rehabilitation due to postfracture pain can result in muscle atrophy and joint contractures, which may affect the improvement of activities of daily living (ADL). This study investigated the impact of using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the improvement of ADL in older adult patients with fractures admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 489 older adult patients with fractures from January 2017 to June 2019, 261 fulfilled the requirements for this retrospective cohort analysis. Patients who had convalescent rehabilitation following a fracture were categorized into two groups: those who used NSAIDs and those who did not. The functional independence measure-total gain (FIM-total) score, which was used for evaluating ADL, was the main outcome measure. We ascertained the independent relationship between NSAIDs use and rehabilitation outcomes using a multiple linear regression analysis. Covariates selected to correct bias included age, sex (male), BMI, hypertension, dementia, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, upper limb paralysis, femoral fracture, lumbar compression fracture, thoracic compression fracture, pelvic fracture, patellar fracture, FIM-total at admission, number of drugs, acetaminophen use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean participant age was 82.3 ± 7.4 years, 69 (26.4%) of them were men, and 94 (36%) used NSAIDs. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that NSAIDs use was independently associated with FIM-total gain during hospitalization (β=2.311, P=0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the appropriate use of NSAIDs may play a beneficial role in maximizing rehabilitation outcomes. However, careful monitoring for potential adverse effects is essential, particularly in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right-brain utilization in pharmacists' dispensing processes: an eye-tracking analysis of efficiency and safety using error-induction models.","authors":"Toshikazu Tsuji, Kenichiro Nagata, Masayuki Tanaka, Shiori Iwane, Shigeru Hasebe, Yuto Nishiyama, Nana Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Shigeru Ishida, Takeshi Hirota, Ichiro Ieiri, Mayako Uchida","doi":"10.1186/s40780-025-00443-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-025-00443-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dispensing errors associated with \"same-name drugs\" and \"similar-name drugs\" are common, negatively affecting patients. Using two pairs of error-induction models, this study analyzed pharmacists' gaze movements while dispensing by an eye-tracking method to interpret their thought processes. Thus, we aimed to assess the efficiency and safety of dispensing processes by examining right-brain function using error-induction models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We created verification slides for display on a prescription monitor and three drug rack monitors. The prescription monitor displayed the dispensing information, including drug name, drug usage, location display, and total amount. A total of 180 drugs, including five target drugs, were displayed on the three-drug rack monitors. We measured total gaze points in the prescription area (Gaze 1), total gaze points in the drug rack area (Gaze 2), total vertical eye movements between the two areas (Passage), time required to dispense drugs (Time), and the error rate for each verification (Error). First, we defined two types of location display methods: \"numeral combination\" and \"color/symbol combination\". Then, we established two pairs of error-induction models, F₁-F₂ (same-name drugs) and G₁-G₂ (similar-name drugs), to compare the differences between the two location display methods in the designated area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in gaze movements of pharmacists between the models F₁-F₂ were observed in Gaze 2, Passage, and Time (F₁ > F₂, P < 0.001, respectively), with similar results between models G₁-G₂ (G₁ > G₂, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the error rates in models F₁ and F₂ were 10.0% (11/110) and 6.4% (7/110), as well as 13.6% (15/110) and 5.5% (6/110) in models G₁ and G₂, respectively. A significant difference in error rates was observed between the models G₁-G₂ (G₁ > G₂, P = 0.020), but not between the models F₁-F₂ (P = 0.286).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporating visual information into prescription content not only performs a series of dispensing tasks more smoothly, but also reduces the error occurrences by pharmacists. In other words, leveraging right-brain utilization in dispensing processes has led to improvements in both efficiency and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16730,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}