Journal of pediatric genetics最新文献

{"title":"The <i>HBG2</i> rs7482144 (C > T) Polymorphism is Linked to HbF Levels but not to the Severity of Sickle Cell Anemia.","authors":"Bhaskar V K S Lakkakula,&nbsp;Smaranika Pattnaik","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1733950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a severe disease characterized by anemia, acute clinical complications, and a relatively short life span. In this disease, abnormal hemoglobin makes the red blood cells deformed, rigid, and sticky. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is one of the key modulators of SCA morbidity and mortality. Interindividual HbF variation is a heritable trait that is controlled by polymorphism in genes linked and unlinked to the hemoglobin β gene (HBB). The genetic polymorphisms that determine HbF levels are known to ameliorate acute clinical events. About 190 well-characterized homozygous SCA patients were included in this study. Complete blood count (CBC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and clinical investigations were obtained from patient's records. Severity scores were determined by using the combination of anemia, complications, total leucocyte count, and transfusion scores. <i>HBG2</i> rs7482144 polymorphism was genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The association between <i>HBG2</i> rs7482144 polymorphism and HbF levels as well as the disease severity of SCA were assessed. SCA patients carrying TT genotype were found to have higher HbF levels. In addition, SCA patients with increased severity showed significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, HbF, and hematocrit values. However, the genotypes of <i>HBG2</i> rs7482144 polymorphism were not found to be associated with the risk of disease severity. In summary, this study demonstrated that <i>HBG2</i> rs7482144 polymorphism is linked with HbF levels, but it does not affect disease severity. The sample sizes used and the pattern of association deduced from our small sample size prevents us from extrapolating our findings further.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 2","pages":"129-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118708/pdf/10-1055-s-0041-1733950.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9756697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable Presentation and Reduced Penetrance in Autosomal Dominant Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Related to RANBP2 Variant.","authors":"Daniel R Carvalho,&nbsp;Carlos E Speck-Martins,&nbsp;Bernardo J A F Martins,&nbsp;Ana Paula Izumi,&nbsp;Alessandra La Rocque-Ferreira","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1721802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is clinically characterized by fever, acute alteration of consciousness, seizures, and rapid progression to coma within days of onset of a viral illness occurring in healthy children without evidence of central nervous system infection. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows multiple symmetrical lesions affecting primarily the thalami but also brain stem, putamina, periventricular white matter, and cerebellum. Most cases of ANE are sporadic and nonrecurrent. However, a missense variant in RANBP2 has been identified in some families with recurrent ANE (OMIM # 608033), also named autosomal dominant ANE (ADANE). Clinical manifestation, clinical course, and brain MRI imaging findings of six affected members of two distinct families with ADANE were described. Sequencing revealed heterozygous c.1754C > T variant in RANBP2 (p.Thr585Met) in affected and asymptomatic family members. Only few ADANE families have been reported and it is the first description in South America. Differential diagnosis of Leigh disease and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is discussed. Our report reinforces incomplete penetrance of ADANE and intrafamilial phenotypic variability of outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 2","pages":"144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118696/pdf/10-1055-s-0040-1721802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digenic Inheritance in Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Bindu I Somarajan,&nbsp;Shikha Gupta,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Mahalingam,&nbsp;Kishan Azmira,&nbsp;Viney Gupta","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1722213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is an uncommon subset of primary glaucoma with an onset before the age of 40 years. In this case report, we describe the cosegregation of <i>MYOC</i> , p.Pro370Leu and <i>LTBP2</i> , p.Pro432Leu mutations in a family with JOAG. The family with autosomal dominant JOAG belonged to Northern India. The samples of proband and her parents were evaluated by whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was conducted in all the study participants to check the mutations identified. Both <i>MYOC</i> and <i>LTBP2</i> mutations were found to cosegregate in affected individuals leading to a severe JOAG phenotype, thereby suggesting a digenic inheritance of <i>MYOC</i> with <i>LTBP2</i> in this family.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 2","pages":"150-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118699/pdf/10-1055-s-0040-1722213.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Pattern and Use of Inter-pupillary Distance in the Detection of Ocular Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism in Indian Down Syndrome Children.","authors":"Anil Kumar Bhalla,&nbsp;Harvinder Kaur,&nbsp;Rupinder Kaur,&nbsp;Inusha Panigrahi,&nbsp;Brij Nandan Singh Walia","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1736612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Use of inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for objective evaluation of ocular hypertelorism and hypotelorism is recommended to corroborate diagnosis of syndromic conditions. In view of complete absence of serial data on growth of IPD, this study aims to unfold auxological dynamics of IPD in Down syndrome (DS) children of Indian origin. Inner canthal distance (ICD) and outer canthal distance (OCD) were measured on a total of 1,125 (male: 752, female: 373) DS children, aged 0 to 3 months to 10 years at 6 monthly age intervals using a \"Digimatic Sliding Caliper\" in the Growth Laboratory/Growth Clinic of the Institute. Using Feingold and Bossert (1974) formula, IPD at each age was calculated from ICD and OCD measured among male and female DS children. IPD, like OCD and ICD increased un-interruptedly among DS children. IPD grew rapidly up to 5 years thereafter, its rapidity became slower. Boys in general, possessed larger IPD than girls, however, gender differences became statistically significant up to first 4 years of life. Our study children possessed significantly smaller IPD as compared with their normal Indian counterparts. None of our DS children depicted ocular hypertelorism while hypotelorism, was noticed amongst 4.9% male and 16.8% female DS patients. Comparison with normative IPD data failed to establish existence of ocular hypertelorism in DS children (<10 years) of north-western Indian origin. Use of age and gender-specific data presented for IPD of DS children may be made for comparative purpose to ascertain inter-population variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 2","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118700/pdf/10-1055-s-0041-1736612.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Fibroma with Asymptomatic Ventricular Arrhythmia in an Adolescent with Gorlin's Syndrome.","authors":"Dipika Menon,&nbsp;John N Dentel,&nbsp;Yamuna Sanil,&nbsp;David Lawrence","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1722287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also referred to as Gorlin's syndrome, is an autosomal dominant inherited condition that predisposes affected individuals to various tumors such as cardiac fibromas. Though technically benign, cardiac fibromas may result in malignant arrhythmias and sudden death. The pertinent literature pertaining to pediatric cases of cardiac fibromas and their clinical features were reviewed. We present the case of an asymptomatic teenage with de novo NBCCS who was diagnosed with both NBCCS and cardiac fibroma later in life. The patient was noted to have clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias that were eliminated with tumor resection. There are no established best practice guidelines for the management of cardiac fibromas in patients with NBCCS. Given the risk of sudden arrhythmic death, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias should prompt strong consideration of tumor resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 2","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118701/pdf/10-1055-s-0040-1722287.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Clinical Report of Two <i>RAB3GAP1</i> Pathogenic Variant in Warburg Micro Syndrome.","authors":"Nejmiye Akkuş, Tuğba Akın Duman","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768693","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1768693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Warburg micro (WARBM) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe brain and eye abnormalities. Loss-of-function mutations in RAB18, RAB3GAP2, RAB3GAP1, or TBC1D20 can lead to this disease. Here, we present two unrelated WARBM syndrome patients who had an RAB3GAP1 c.559 C > T, (p.Arg187Ter) and c.520 C > T (p.Arg174Ter) homozygous state. Both patients had microcephaly, microphthalmia, microcornea, bilateral congenital cataracts, severe intellectual disability, and congenital hypotonia. Using the method of next-generation sequencing and sanger sequencing, we found two nonsense variations at the splice site in exon 7 of RAB3GAP1 in the WARBM syndrome patients. The mutations were predicted to cause the syndrome due to the early stop codon, and the patients had the WARBM1 syndrome. We present the first clinical report of two different unreported variants with RAB3GAP1 mutation in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 3","pages":"193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9995771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief View of The Prophet Ayyub's (Alayhi As-Salam) Disease: Was It Job's Syndrome?","authors":"Hüseyin Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764300","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1764300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 3","pages":"185-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10421672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9995778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort of Phenotype, Genotype, and Outcome of <i>SCN</i> Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies from Southern Part of India.","authors":"Vykuntaraju K Gowda,&nbsp;Manojna Battina,&nbsp;Hemadri Vegda,&nbsp;Varunvenkat M Srinivasan,&nbsp;Surendra K Chikara,&nbsp;Adrija Mishra,&nbsp;Sanjay K Shivappa,&nbsp;Naveen Benakappa","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1731020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>SCN</i> encephalopathies are one of the rare early childhood intractable epileptic encephalopathies associated with pleomorphic seizures, cognitive decline, motor, and behavioral abnormalities that begin in early infancy. There is a dearth of data on phenotype and genotype of <i>SCN</i> encephalopathies from the Indian subcontinent, hence we are reporting clinical and molecular profile and outcome of <i>SCN</i> developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. This is a retrospective chart review of <i>SCN</i> developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in a tertiary care center, Bangalore, India between January 2015 and March 2020. All children with clinical features of <i>SCN</i> developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and confirmed with pathogenic variants were included. A total of 50 cases of <i>SCN</i> developmental and epileptic encephalopathies were analyzed, 31 of them were male and the mean age of presentation was 7.8 months. Precipitating factors for the first episode of seizure were fever and vaccination accounting for 33 and 8 children, respectively. Forty (80%) children had prolonged seizures and 15 (30%) had epileptic spasms. All children had a normal birth history and normal development before the onset of seizures, which was followed by developmental delay and regression. Thirty (60%) children had behavioral difficulties, notable hyperactivity, and autistic features. Neuroimaging and the initial electroencephalogram (EEG) were normal in all patients. The mean age of abnormal EEG was 14 months. The various subtypes of <i>SCN</i> variants were <i>SCN1A</i> in 31 children followed by <i>SCN2A</i> and <i>SCN9A</i> in eight children each and <i>SCN1B</i> in three children. Frameshift and nonsense mutations were associated with more severe phenotype and poor outcome compared with missense mutations. Thirty-four patients partially responded to treatment and the rest were refractory. The results of genetic testing were used to guide treatment; sodium channel blocking antiepileptic drugs were discontinued in 15 patients and sodium channel blocking agents were started in 3 patients with partial response. Three out of four children on stiripentol had a partial response. The <i>SCN</i> developmental and epileptic encephalopathies can present with epileptic spasms in addition to other types of seizures. Epileptic spasms are more common in nonsense and frameshift mutations. The outcome is poor in children with epileptic spasms compared with those without epileptic spasms. Genetic testing helps to select antiepileptic drugs that lead to seizure reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9848768/pdf/10-1055-s-0041-1731020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9146577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Erratum: <i>KCNQ2</i> Encephalopathy and Responsiveness to Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate.","authors":"Chit Kwong Chow,&nbsp;Ho Ming Luk,&nbsp;Suet Na Wong","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1735896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721384.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 1","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9848753/pdf/10-1055-s-0041-1735896.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10662173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kindler's Syndrome with Recurrent Neutropenia: Report of Two Cases from Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Yousef Binamer,&nbsp;Muzamil A Chisti","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1721077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kindler syndrome (KS) is a rare photosensitivity disorder with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. It is characterized by acral blistering in infancy and childhood, progressive poikiloderma, skin atrophy, abnormal photosensitivity, and gingival fragility. Besides these major features, many minor presentations have also been reported in the literature. We are reporting two cases with atypical features of the syndrome and a new feature of recurrent neutropenia. Whole exome sequencing analysis was done using next-generation sequencing which detected a homozygous loss-of-function (LOF) variant of <i>FERMT1</i> in both patients. The variant is classified as a pathogenic variant as per the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Homozygous LOF variants of <i>FERMT1</i> are a common mechanism of KS and as such confirm the diagnosis of KS in our patients even though the presentation was atypical.</p>","PeriodicalId":16695,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric genetics","volume":"12 1","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9848764/pdf/10-1055-s-0040-1721077.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10635604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}