Growth Pattern and Use of Inter-pupillary Distance in the Detection of Ocular Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism in Indian Down Syndrome Children.

IF 0.4 Q4 PEDIATRICS
Anil Kumar Bhalla, Harvinder Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Inusha Panigrahi, Brij Nandan Singh Walia
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Abstract

Use of inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for objective evaluation of ocular hypertelorism and hypotelorism is recommended to corroborate diagnosis of syndromic conditions. In view of complete absence of serial data on growth of IPD, this study aims to unfold auxological dynamics of IPD in Down syndrome (DS) children of Indian origin. Inner canthal distance (ICD) and outer canthal distance (OCD) were measured on a total of 1,125 (male: 752, female: 373) DS children, aged 0 to 3 months to 10 years at 6 monthly age intervals using a "Digimatic Sliding Caliper" in the Growth Laboratory/Growth Clinic of the Institute. Using Feingold and Bossert (1974) formula, IPD at each age was calculated from ICD and OCD measured among male and female DS children. IPD, like OCD and ICD increased un-interruptedly among DS children. IPD grew rapidly up to 5 years thereafter, its rapidity became slower. Boys in general, possessed larger IPD than girls, however, gender differences became statistically significant up to first 4 years of life. Our study children possessed significantly smaller IPD as compared with their normal Indian counterparts. None of our DS children depicted ocular hypertelorism while hypotelorism, was noticed amongst 4.9% male and 16.8% female DS patients. Comparison with normative IPD data failed to establish existence of ocular hypertelorism in DS children (<10 years) of north-western Indian origin. Use of age and gender-specific data presented for IPD of DS children may be made for comparative purpose to ascertain inter-population variability.

印度唐氏综合症儿童瞳孔间距离的生长模式和使用检测远视和低远视。
使用瞳距(IPD)的客观评价眼远视和低远视是推荐确证综合征的诊断条件。鉴于完全缺乏关于IPD生长的系列数据,本研究旨在揭示印度裔唐氏综合症(DS)儿童IPD的生理动力学。在研究所生长实验室/生长诊所使用“数字滑动卡尺”每隔6个月测量1,125名0 - 3个月至10岁的DS儿童(男752人,女373人)的内眦距离(ICD)和外眦距离(OCD)。采用Feingold and Bossert(1974)公式,通过测量男性和女性DS儿童的ICD和OCD来计算各年龄段的IPD。像强迫症和ICD一样,IPD在残疾儿童中不断增加。此后5年IPD快速增长,增速有所放缓。一般来说,男孩比女孩拥有更大的IPD,然而,性别差异在4岁前变得具有统计学意义。与正常的印度儿童相比,我们的研究儿童具有明显较小的IPD。在我们的DS患儿中,没有一例出现远视,而在4.9%的男性和16.8%的女性DS患者中出现了远视。与标准IPD数据的比较无法确定DS患儿是否存在远视(
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来源期刊
自引率
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发文量
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期刊介绍: The Journal of Pediatric Genetics is an English multidisciplinary peer-reviewed international journal publishing articles on all aspects of genetics in childhood and of the genetics of experimental models. These topics include clinical genetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, medical genetics, dysmorphology, teratology, genetic counselling, genetic engineering, formal genetics, neuropsychiatric genetics, behavioral genetics, community genetics, cytogenetics, hereditary or syndromic cancer genetics, genetic mapping, reproductive genetics, fetal pathology and prenatal diagnosis, multiple congenital anomaly syndromes, and molecular embryology of birth defects. Journal of Pediatric Genetics provides an in-depth update on new subjects and current comprehensive coverage of the latest techniques used in the diagnosis of childhood genetics. Journal of Pediatric Genetics encourages submissions from all authors throughout the world. The following articles will be considered for publication: editorials, original and review articles, short report, rapid communications, case reports, letters to the editor, and book reviews. The aim of the journal is to share and disseminate knowledge between all disciplines in the field of pediatric genetics. This journal is a publication of the World Pediatric Society: http://www.worldpediatricsociety.org/ The Journal of Pediatric Genetics is available in print and online. Articles published ahead of print are available via the eFirst service on the Thieme E-Journals platform.
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