Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis最新文献

{"title":"Ease of analysis through unification: One gas chromatographic method for the chemical profiling of essential oils","authors":"Dominik Kresnik,&nbsp;Bryan Bajor,&nbsp;Christian Steuer","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising interest in essential oils (EOs) for their therapeutic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties has led to an increasing demand for high-quality products in both medicinal and industrial sectors. To meet these stringent quality requirements, robust, precise, and efficient analytical methods are essential. Gas chromatography (GC) remains the gold standard for EO analysis due to its sensitivity and resolution. Although numerous methods are available –primarily targeting similar analytes in varying combinations standardization remains a challenge, with protocols differing across ISO guidelines and international pharmacopoeias. In this study, Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to optimize and harmonize existing GC methods, focusing on sample preparation and chromatographic parameters. A polar GC column (60 m length, 0.25 mm inner diameter, 0.25 µm film thickness) was selected for its ability to effectively separate 87 terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and related compounds commonly found in EOs. The optimized temperature gradient enabled complete separation within a 75-minute runtime, outperforming or matching existing methods in terms of resolution and reproducibility. Streamlined sample preparation protocols led to reduced solvent consumption and minimized sample requirements across all tested EOs. As a proof of concept, the final method was applied to 12 different essential oils, demonstrating comparable analytical performance and confirming its broad applicability and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of trametinib degradation product employing Orbitrap LC-HRMS, and development of a robust, eco-friendly stability indicating method of analysis","authors":"Sohan G. Jawarkar ,&nbsp;Gayatri Amliyar ,&nbsp;Nasir Khan,&nbsp;Pooja Dhakne,&nbsp;Megha Pillai,&nbsp;Shankha Dey,&nbsp;Jinal Ajabiya,&nbsp;Pinaki Sengupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trametinib is a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of various cancers. Stress testing of a drug is essential for understanding the stability profile and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements during pharmaceutical development. To the best of our knowledge, only a few reports on stress testing of trametinib are available to date. Moreover, comprehensive reports on the stress testing of trametinib using LC-HRMS are not available in any literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct stress studies on trametinib in accordance with ICH guidelines. The RP-HPLC stability-indicating analytical method was developed, and the stress degradation condition for trametinib was optimised. Chromatographic separation of trametinib and its degradation products was achieved on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % formic acid in Milli-Q water and acetonitrile using gradient elution. The proposed method demonstrated excellent specificity, linearity, precision (RSD ≤ 0.09 %), and accuracy (99.78–101.38 %). Results indicate that trametinib exhibited high susceptibility to acidic and basic stress conditions, whereas it remained relatively stable under oxidative and thermal stress conditions. All degradation products were characterised using Orbitarp LC-HRMS in positive HESI mode (<em>m/z</em> 50–800 Da) for accurate mass determination and fragmentation pathway elucidation. <em>In-silico</em> toxicity prediction suggested that among the degradation products, neurotoxicity was the most consistently predicted endpoint with high confidence (≥70 %), followed by respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity. Greenness evaluation using AGREE, Eco-Scale, and BAGI tools indicated a moderate environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An online rapid screening HPLC system establishing and applying discovered a new type of natural chemical ligand of the BRD4-BD1 from Hedyotis diffusa","authors":"Lina Wang,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Shizhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we report an online high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for screening of the bromodomain-containing protein 4-first bromodomain (BRD4-BD1) ligands, leading to screen a new type of natural chemical ligand of the BRD4-BD1 from <em>Hedyotis di</em>ff<em>usa</em>. The system was first established, validated, and then applied for rapid screening the ligands of BRD4-BD1 from <em>Hedyotis di</em>ff<em>usa</em>. It was investigated using the positive ligand JQ1 in five aspects including the suitability, the specificity<em>,</em> the reproductivity, the limit of detection (LOD), and the saturability of this system. When it was been applied to screen BRD4-BD1 ligands from <em>Hedyotis di</em>ff<em>usa</em>, one candidate ligand <strong>1</strong> was fished out. Then the ligand <strong>1</strong> was isolated and identified. And their interaction between the screened ligand <strong>1</strong> and the BRD4-BD1 was assay on the online system again and followed verified by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The molecular docking was performed to the binding mode of ligand <strong>1</strong> with BRD4-BD1. The ligand <strong>1</strong> was found as a new type of natural ligand for BRD4-BD1 protein. In a conclusion, we have systemically demonstrated the feasibility of the online HPLC system screening method applying to screen the chemical ligand of the BRD4-BD1 in complex substance systems. Besides, the ligand <strong>1</strong> provided a potential new type of scaffold for chemical modification for BRD4-BD1 inhibitors in future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid one-tube sputum processing for tuberculosis diagnosis via azide-functionalized magnetic nanoplatforms with selective bacterial capture","authors":"Bilsen Tural ,&nbsp;Alican Bilden ,&nbsp;Erdal Ertaş ,&nbsp;Emre Tural ,&nbsp;Hakan Temiz ,&nbsp;Erdal Özbek ,&nbsp;Servet Tural","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge requiring rapid and reliable diagnostic tools. Here, azide-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-N₃) were synthesized, characterized, and applied for one-tube detection of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb) in sputum. Structural analyses including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) confirmed successful functionalization, uniform morphology, and preserved superparamagnetism. MNPs-N₃ were integrated into modified Ehrlich-Ziehl-Neelsen (MNPs-N₃-assisted EZN staining) and auramine-rhodamine (MNPs-N₃-assisted AR staining) staining protocols to enhance bacterial capture and visualization without decontamination or centrifugation. Control experiments using non-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles showed no bacterial co-localization, supporting the specificity of the azide-mediated interaction. The entire process was completed within one hour, offering a rapid alternative to conventional culture requiring ≥ 41 days. Using Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) culture as the reference, MNPs-N₃-assisted AR staining achieved 99 % sensitivity and 97 % specificity, outperforming MNPs-N₃-assisted EZN staining (95 % and 96 %, respectively). Diagnostic indices, including Youden index (0.96) and F1-score (0.98), demonstrated excellent agreement with culture results. These findings establish MNPs-N₃ as a fast, efficient, and cost-effective tool for Mtb diagnosis. The single-tube workflow minimizes contamination risk and simplifies laboratory handling, supporting potential application in resource-limited settings. Further optimization and large-scale clinical validation are still warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A general strategy to screen and evaluate antitussive, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant active components from raw and honey-fired Farfarae Flos based on β2-AR/CysLT1R/M3R chromatography and mice models","authors":"Yaqi Wang,&nbsp;Ping Shu,&nbsp;Mei Lv,&nbsp;Yonghao Xing,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Yan,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Tingting Huang,&nbsp;Minfeng Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Farfarae Flos and its honey-processed product are used to treat respiratory diseases; yet their active components and therapeutic targets remained unclear. Herein, we developed an integrated strategy combining receptor chromatography and mice models to screen and evaluate active components in both raw and honey-processed Farfarae Flos. We focused on three key receptors,β₂-AR, CysLT₁R, and M₃R, known to be involved in antitussive, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant activities. These receptors were immobilized onto silica gels to construct affinity columns. Using these columns, we identified the bioactive compounds in both forms of Farfarae Flos. The results revealed an identical set of target-specific compounds across raw and honey-processed samples: chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) targeted β₂-AR; CGA and rutin bound to CysLT₁R; and CGA along with isochlorogenic acids A, B, and C interacted with M₃R. Notably, the interactions of rutin with CysLT₁R and isochlorogenic acids A, B, and C with M₃R are reported for the first time. These findings indicate that both raw and honey-fired Farfarae Flos share the same material basis for their antitussive, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant effects, with no significant alteration in pharmacological efficacy due to honey processing. Furthermore, the binding affinities of the bioactive compounds for the receptors correlated well with the molecular docking-predicted binding energies of the corresponding compound-receptor complexes. To our knowledge, this study represents the first target-centric comparative analysis of raw and processed Farfarae Flos. It establishes a generalizable framework for investigating processing-induced changes in herbal pharmacology and provides empirical evidence connecting metabolomic profiles to clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical sensors based on graphene/silver sulfide nanocomposites for the indirect detection of mercury sulfide in the Tibetan medicine “Zuo Tai”","authors":"Rongfeng Kang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Bai ,&nbsp;Delai Zhou ,&nbsp;Cong Tang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayu Xi ,&nbsp;Shijun Shao ,&nbsp;Shuqing Dong ,&nbsp;Fude Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury sulfide (HgS) is one of the primary constituents of the Tibetan medicine “Zuo Tai,” and its content directly impacts the drug's efficacy and safety. Therefore, developing rapid, direct, and highly sensitive detection methods is of significant importance. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor based on graphene/silver sulfide (G/Ag₂S) nanocomposites was developed for the rapid detection of HgS in Tibetan medicine “Zuo Tai.” The G/Ag₂S nanocomposite was prepared using the hydrothermal synthesis method. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis indicated that the G/Ag₂S nanocomposite enhanced the electrochemical signal response and improved the electrochemical activity of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) after modification. Under optimized conditions, linear detection of HgS was achieved using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The DPV oxidation peak current decreased with increasing HgS concentration due to its adsorption onto the G/Ag₂S-modified electrode, which altered the redox properties. The detection range of this analytical method was 0.1–10 mg/L, with a detection limit of 0.0194 mg/L. Further studies revealed that the modified electrode prepared in this paper exhibited excellent selectivity toward HgS. When detecting the HgS content in the “Zuo Tai” sample, the sensor demonstrated high sensitivity, with an average HgS content of 54.38 % in the sample and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.07 %, consistent with the results reported in the literature. This analytical method provides a rapid and reliable quality control method for traditional medicines containing HgS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device does matter! Comparison of PEth 16:0/18:1 and PEth 16:0/18:2 blood concentrations determined from three dried blood spot sampling devices","authors":"Jeremai Hose ,&nbsp;Paul Stach ,&nbsp;Sara Reda ,&nbsp;Martin Juebner ,&nbsp;Mario Thevis ,&nbsp;Hilke Andresen-Streichert","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) can be determined in whole blood to distinguish between alcohol abstinence and alcohol consumption. Routine analysis is commonly performed using dried blood spots (DBS), as PEth is considered stable for extended time periods in this matrix. However, the coexistence of many DBS devices, coupled with insufficient data regarding their comparability of results, pose a major challenge in forensic and clinical practice. We therefore analysed and compared blood samples using three DBS devices commonly employed for PEth testing (Whatman™ filter paper, Mitra® and Capitainer®B Vanadate). PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were extracted from DBS using a water/propan-2-ol mixture and subsequent liquid-liquid-extraction using n-hexane. Analysis was carried out via LC-MS/MS. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined in each blood sample via GC-FID. A total of 100 blood samples were analysed, of which 76 were found to be positive for PEth. These included 24 cases with PEth concentrations &lt; 20 ng/mL, 43 cases with concentrations ≥ 20 ng/mL to &lt; 200 ng/mL and nine cases with concentrations ≥ 200 ng/mL. The Mitra® and Capitainer®B Vanadate systems resulted, on average, in higher PEth concentrations compared to Whatman™ filter paper. The percentage deviations ranged from −8–116 % for PEth 16:0/18:1 and from −14–264 % for PEth 16:0/18:2. Ethanol and acetaldehyde above physiological concentrations (1.42 g/L and 0.727 mg/L, respectively) were observed in one case only. While DBS are a reliable method for PEth analysis, the choice of device can influence results and potentially impact interpretations of alcohol use and abstinence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic investigation on eight primary active constituents of Weifuchun capsules in healthy and chronic atrophic gastritis model rats","authors":"Wentao Shao ,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiuya Zhou ,&nbsp;Lvli Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weifuchun capsule (WC) is clinically employed in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), yet differences in its pharmacokinetic profile between normal and chronic atrophic gastritis model rats remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, a reliable and precise ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of eight major active constituents including <em>p</em>‑coumaric acid, ginsenoside Rg1, kaempferol, luteolin, hesperetin, apigenin, naringenin, and tangeretin in rat plasma. This method was subsequently applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of Weifuchun capsule. A chronic atrophic gastritis model was established using a modified chemical stimulation method. Plasma samples were pretreated via protein precipitation with chloramphenicol as the internal standard and then analyzed. The intra- and inter-day precision for all eight analytes was below 6.32 %, with accuracies within ±5.19 %. Extraction recoveries ranged from 89.15 % to 112.50 %, and matrix effects were between 95.69 % and 104.83 %. All analytes demonstrated satisfactory stability under various storage conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. Compared with the normal group, the chronic atrophic gastritis model group exhibited significantly increased C_max and AUC_0→t values for ginsenoside Rg1, hesperetin, and naringenin (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), along with significantly elevated C_max for kaempferol and apigenin (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, t_1/2 was significantly shortened for ginsenoside Rg1 and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid. These findings suggest enhanced absorption and accelerated elimination of certain bioactive components of Weifuchun capsules under chronic atrophic gastritis pathological conditions. The altered pharmacokinetic behavior of multiple active compounds of Weifuchun capsules in chronic atrophic gastritis model rats provides important insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of Weifuchun capsules in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence spectral-chromaticity mapping for non-destructive authentication of herbal medicines","authors":"Jiawei Feng ,&nbsp;Guirong Bu ,&nbsp;Xigui Song ,&nbsp;Peiyu Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Yan ,&nbsp;Shenfei Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identification of the authenticity of herbal medicines is crucial to ensure their safety and efficacy, yet quantitative, accurate, and practical identification methods remain limited. This work introduces a fluorescence-based approach for distinguishing authentic and counterfeit herbal medicines by analyzing their spectral and chromaticity features under 365 nm UV excitation. A hyperspectral imaging camera was employed to collect the spectral data from three groups of herbal medicines, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), Aurantii Fructus (AF), Carthami Flos (CF) and their common counterfeits (a total of 326 pieces of spectral data in the three groups, 158, 80, 88 respectively). The critical difference between ZSS, AF, CF and their counterfeits was obtained by extracting the fluorescence spectrum features. The mapping relationships between the spectrum features of ZSS and the colorimetric features were established by using the Fast Formula Fitting (FFF) and Neural Network Fitting (NNF) methods. The correlation coefficients of the two fitting methods in three groups were 0.985, 0.995, 0.999 and 0.992, 0.998, 0.989 respectively. The spectral power distribution in the range of 400–780 nm (good for AF, CF and their counterfeits) and 470–780 nm (good for ZSS and its counterfeits) were identified as optimal for color-based discrimination, guiding future filter selection for portable devices. Both methods enabled pixel-level authentication with high precision, supported by a defined chromaticity visualization zone. This non-destructive, quantitative technique facilitates simple and accurate herbal medicine verification, paving the way for low-cost, portable authenticity detection systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid appearance of caffeine in plasma of rats exposed to e-cigarette smoke, analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method","authors":"Keisuke Muranaka ,&nbsp;Junpei Mutoh ,&nbsp;Makoto Takada ,&nbsp;Yutaro Yanagita ,&nbsp;Kanta Noguchi ,&nbsp;Ken Tachibana ,&nbsp;Naoya Kishikawa ,&nbsp;Naotaka Kuroda ,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Wada","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) that enable inhalation of caffeine (Caf) are commercially available, the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of Caf intake via e-cigarette smoking are unclear. The present study used a validated LC-MS/MS method to compare the PK parameters of Caf and its metabolites (Cafs) in rat plasma after oral (<em>p.o.</em>) administration of Caf and exposure to e-cigarette smoke. The LC-MS/MS method was validated for Caf and metabolites such as paraxanthine (PX), theophylline (TP), theobromine, 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, and 1,7-dimethyluric acid. Quantitation of Cafs in deproteinated rat plasma was achieved. Rats were exposed to e-cigarette smoke for 1 and 3 min, and then plasma was collected until 90 min. Although the Caf exposure dose for rats was estimated as very low, quantitation of Caf, PX, and TP was possible using the proposed LC-MS/MS method. The maximum concentrations of Caf after 1 and 3 min of exposure to e-cigarette smoke were similar to those observed after <em>p.o</em>. administration of 40 and 90 μg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, PK parameters such as the concentration peak time (3.0 min for 1- and 3-min exposure) and absorption rate constant (0.62 for 1 min and 0.91 min⁻¹ for 3 min) for e-cigarette smoke exposure differed significantly from p.o. administration (50.0 min and 36.7 min, and 0.045 and 0.070 min⁻¹) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). By contrast, no difference was observed between PX and TP. This is the first report demonstrating the rapid appearance of Caf in rat plasma after exposure to e-cigarette smoke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 117317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}