{"title":"An inequality for doubly stochastic matrices","authors":"Charles R. Johnson, R. Kellogg","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.046","url":null,"abstract":"Interrelated inequalities involving doubly stochastic matrices are presented. For example, if B is an n by n doubly stochasti c matrix, x any nonnega tive vector and y = Bx, the n XIX,· •• ,x\" :0:::; YIY\" •• y ... Also, if A is an n by n nonnegotive matrix and D and E are positive diagonal matrices such that B = DAE is doubly s tochasti c, the n det DE ;:::: p(A) ... , where p (A) is the Perron· Frobenius eigenvalue of A. The relationship between these two inequalities is exhibited.","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123941055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved error bounds for second-order differential equations with two turning points","authors":"F. Olver","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.047","url":null,"abstract":"Recently [2] 1, [3] , I developed a uniform asymptotic theory of second-order linear differential equations with two coalescing simple turning points, and applied the results to the associated Legendre equation_ Subsequently, in the course of writing a paper on connection formulas for multiple turning points [4] it became clear how to effect some improvements in two of the four cases treated in [2]. The purpose of the present note is to describe these improvements. It will be assumed that the reader is familiar with the results presented in [2], and the same notation will be used except where indicated otherwise. The next section introduces new auxiliary functions for the solutions of the modified Weber equation. The new form of the general approximation theorem is stated and discussed in the third (and concluding) section. An application of the results to the approximation of Whittaker functions with both parameters large will be published in due course.","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132034032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient linear algebraic algorithm for the determination of isomorphism in pairs of undirected graphs","authors":"Charles R. Johnson, F. Leighton","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.050","url":null,"abstract":"An algorithm, complete with a spec ific FORTRAN implementation, is presented for the problem of determining whether or not two undirec tr d graphs are isomorphic. The algorithm, centered upon the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a modified adjacency matrix and techniques for decreasing the size of the automorphism group, is quite different from others (mos t of which are comhinatorially based) and tends to work relatively very quickly on difficult tes t cases as well as on typical exa mples. Complexity estimates are given for many eventualities.","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116007788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A note on pseudointersection graphs","authors":"P. Slater","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.049","url":null,"abstract":"A graph C = (V,E ) where V and E are the vertex and edge sets shall be considered to be a simple graph (i.e., finite, undi rected and without loops or multiple edges), and all terms used shall be con· sistent with their definitions in [3J 1. If S is a set and F = {Sl ,S2, . .. , 5 11 } is a family of distinct nonempty subsets of S whose union is 5, then the intersection graph of F, denoted by n (F), is the graph with V (n(F) ) = F such that 5 i and Sj are adjacent if and only if (iff ) i =1= j and 5 i n Sj =1= 0. A graph C is an intersection graph on 5 if there exists such a family F for which C \"\"\" n (F). Every graph C is an intersection graph on some finite set [7J , and the intersection number w (C) is the minimum number of elements in a set 5 such that C is an intersection graph on 5. If lSI = n then, as defined by S. Hedetniemi [5J , a representation of C as an intersection graph on S is a one to one function, r :V(C) -'.> {O,l}n, such that for u,v € V(C) one has (u,v) € E(C) iff feU) and r (v) have a 1 in a common coordinate position, and if 1 ::::; i ::::; n then there is some v € V (C) such that r (v) has a 1 in the ith coordinate position. For the complete graph Kg on vertices Vj, V2, and V3 we have W( K 3 ) = 3. If S = {a,b,c} then one can choose, for example, S1 = {a}, S2 = {a,b}, and 53 = {a,c} or 51 = {a,b} , S2 = {b,c} and S3 = {a,c}. In the fo rmer case it is clear that elements band c are needed only to make the S;'s distinct and do nothing to indicate adjacency. Equivalently, for r:V(K 3 ) -'.> {O,lP with r(vd = (1,0,0 ), r (V2) = (1,1,0) and r( vs) = (1,0,1), only the first coordinate has more than one 1 in it. As another example, the graph K4 x is given in fi gure 1 as an intersection graph, and , in thi s case, element c of S is not necessary to indicate the adjacency of any two vertices. The size required for 5 can be reduced by eliminating these\" fill ers\" used only to obtain distinct representations of each vertex.","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127453736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding the circuits of a matroid","authors":"E. Minieka","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.034","url":null,"abstract":"A matroid is a combinatorial structure that possesses important combinatorial properties of a wide variety of mathematical structures. Such varied structures as vector spaces, transversals, certain ployhedral corner points , cycles in a graph, spanning trees, and the source arcs used by a network flow are all special cases of matroids. Matroid theory provides a convenient way to summarize these scattered results and to extend them simultaneously [1, Ch. 21],1 [2-5], [8], [11].","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127010274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A note on pairs of matrices with product zero","authors":"Charles R. Johnson","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.033","url":null,"abstract":"The independence of YI and Y2 is, in a straightforward way, equivalent toA+B havingeigenvalues Al ... , An, and Theorem I (which was first noted by Craig [3]) is sufficiently fundamental that generally it is now at least stated in advanced texts. For example, a portion of a proof is given in [4]. Apparently in ignorance of [3,4,5], an alternate proof of Theorem I is given in [1]. Our goal is to give a generalization of Theorem I whose proof is quite simple. In addition to including a rat]~er different proof of Theorem I, our observation points out that the symmetry of A and B is not an essential assumption. We recall that the singular values of a general complex matrix A are, by definition, the nonnegative square roots of the eigenvalues of A*A. A good general reference on the singular values decomposition of a matrix is [6].","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124187372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One-sided tolerance limits for the normal distribution, p = 0.80, ? = 0.80","authors":"Roy H. Wampler","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.035","url":null,"abstract":"A t a ble is given of fa ctors k used in co nstructing one-sided tolera nce limits for a normal di stribution. Thi s table was obta ined by interp olation in an existin g table of pe rce ntage points of the noncentral I-dis tribution. The a ccuracy of the ta ble is es t ima t ed, a nd a co mpar-ison is made of the p rese ntly computed fac tors with a prcviously pu blishcd appr oxima tion.","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128532747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sampling expansion for a Languerre-La? transform","authors":"A. J. Jerri","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128894269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A survey of selected aspects of stratified and rotating fluids","authors":"R. Rehm","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.037","url":null,"abstract":"A survey is presented of phenomena in s tra tified and rota ting flu ids, Care is ta ken to define importa nt qu antities, t o discuss basic con cepts, to deri ve t h e fund a mental equa tions and t o present the basic n ondi mensional p aram et ers associa ted with t hcse fl ows. Af ter a ra ther ext ensive section o n waves, th e a nalogy bet wee n s tra t ified and r ot a tin g fl ows is di scussed . Then nonl inea r processes a nd tra nsport a nd diffusion processes a r e rev iewed. Alth ou gh thi s rep ort is rather brief in parts, i t d isplays the ri ch vari cty of p hcnomen:1 in strati fled a nd rot a tin g fluids. It also tabulates m any of t he imp ortant references. This rep or t also con ta ins a di scussion of some appl ications. Phys ical oceanography, phys ical 1i mnology and meteorology a re all a reas of appli cation in t he ea rth sciences. The variety of app licn.tion is stressed at the expense of dep t h and completeness, The m ore t echn ological applica tion of plumes in bodi es of water or in t he a tmosphere is a lso discussed. Finally, some impor tant p roblem areas a rc briefl y surveyed . These areas a rc turbul en cc, non I in ear processes, num eri cal com puta ti on of f1 01I'\" a nd furth er n.p p liea ti ons.","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125236223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectral Measures and Separation of Variables","authors":"D. Fox","doi":"10.6028/JRES.080B.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6028/JRES.080B.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166823,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Section B: Mathematical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123673234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}