Journal of Pakistan Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Association of Cd40 (rs1883832) SNP in some Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and their correlation with disease activity","authors":"None Sattar Brissm Hassan, None Hanaa Abdullah, None Khaled Yassin Zakair","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the genotyping of CD40 gene (rs1883832) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) amongrheumatoid arthritis patients, and to investigate its correlation with disease activity.Method: The case-control study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals, its affiliated Rheumatology units andAl-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from July 2020 to May 2021, and comprised adult females withrheumatoid arthritis in group A and healthy controls in group B. The disease activity in group A was evaluated usingthe Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints scale. Samples from both groups were genotyped using TaqMan Assay for clusterof differentiation gene rs1883832 single nucleotide polymorphism. Data was analysed using SPSS 28.Results: Of the 118 participants, 76(64.4%) were in group A with mean age 45.38±1.23 years, and 42(35.6%) were incontrol group B with mean age 46.48±2.02 years. At cluster of differentiation gene rs1883832 single nucleotidepolymorphism, there was a non-significant difference in the frequency of T and A alleles as well as in TT, AA and TA ingroup A patients compared to group B controls (p>0.05). Rheumatoid factor and C-reactive protein concentrationswith TT, TA and AA genotypes in group A were significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Withingroup A, there was a significant increase in the TT genotype and a significant decrease in the TA genotype in severecases compared to mild cases. (p<0.05).Conclusion: The cluster of differentiation gene rs1883832 single nucleotide polymorphism T allele was found to be arisk factor for rheumatoid arthritis and disease severity. The TT and AA alleles acted as protective factors.Keywords: Polymorphism, Disease activity, Genotype.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the possibility of treating Serratia marcescens with an antibioticresistant mixture containing nanoparticles using AgNPs as a new type of antimicrobial: An experimental study","authors":"None Qasim Hussein, None Thaer Al Baqer, None Rajaa Radhi Kashash","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-27","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the possibility of treating serratia marcescens with an antibiotic-resistant mixture containingsilver nanoparticles.Method: The experimental study was conducted at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital, Baghdad,Iraq, from December 2021 to April 2022, and comprised human urine samples, a wound sample from local chickens,and respiratory secretions from pigeons. The isolates were kept on a brain-heart infusion medium with glycerol. Theirresponse to antibiotics with different concentrations of 9% and 7% silver nanoparticles were checked. To optimisefactors for the effect of silver nanoparticles, incubation time, temperature and silver nitrate concentration were thethree parameters used. Disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of silver nitrate againstserratia. The inhibitory zone developed was measured. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’s guidelines werefollowed.Result: Optimal silver nitrate concentration was 9%, and 37°C temperature and incubation time 24h was needed forsilver nanoparticle production. Silver nanoparticle had 100% antibacterial activity.Conclusion: Nanoparticles were found to have the potential to become a viable therapeutic option.Keywords: Silver nitrate, Serratia marcescens, Nanoparticles, Temperature, Biocompatible, Silver, Anti-infective.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnant women’s knowledge of Tetanus disease and immunization against Tetanus disease in the City of Baghdad","authors":"None Shatha Mahmood Niazi, None Abeer Abed Gatea","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To estimate the understanding of tetanus and tetanus toxoid injections among pregnant women.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Baghdad General Hospital and a primary healthcare centrein Bab-Almuadham, Iraq, from November 15, 2020, to January 15, 2021, and comprised 100 pregnant women aged15-45 years. Data was gathered through face-to-face structured interviews using a complete self-assessmentquestionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 27.Results: Of the 100 women with mean age of 28.4±10.6 years (range: 15-44 years), 27(27%) were aged 20-24 years,70(70%) were from the urban areas, 40(40%) had primary education, 69(69%) were housewives, and 85(85%) had hadfull or partial tetanus toxoid vaccine doses. With respect to knowledge about tetanus disease, 60(60%) subjectsanswered correctly that tetanus is a serious disease, 52(52%) knew that tetanus infection could also kill the foetus,and 30(30%) recognised that tetanus produces significant side effects. Besides, 80(80%) women considered the vaccinea necessity, and the most common source of information about tetanus vaccination was the health authorities 76(76%).Conclusion: The pregnant women studied were found to have an acceptable level of knowledge about tetanus andtetanus toxoid immunisation.Keywords: Pregnancy, Tetanus, Clostridium tetani, Asymptomatic infections, Tetanus toxoid, Nervous system,Demography, Uterus, Foetus","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naegleria Fowleri - Prevention is the best cure","authors":"None Muhammad Musab Niazi","doi":"10.47391/jpma.7657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.7657","url":null,"abstract":"Respected Editor, With the temperatures rising every summer and the quality of water deteriorating in Pakistan and specially Karachi the ‘brain-eating amoeba’ Naegleria fowleri was on rise during this summer too. 6 cases of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by N. fowleri were reported which took at least 5 lives in 2022.1 Naegleria fowleri is a non-parasitic, thermophilic, disease-causing flagellate amoeba. N. fowleri can tolerate high temperatures (up to 45%) and mainly consumes bacteria due to which it is usually found in warm freshwater bodies.2 The stage in which it is considered most infective is the trophozoite stage which is also its reproductive stage and it requires favourable conditions for this stage to be exhibited.2 The main route of entry for N. Fowleri is the olfactory route when water contaminated with this pathogen is forcefully inhaled during water-related activities like swimming and ablution etc.2 Signs and symptoms of PAM are similar to those of viral or bacterial meningitis including fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, anorexia, and seizures. This is the reason Naegleria fowleri is also commonly known as “brain-eating amoeba”. This similarity makes it difficult for physicians to diagnose it early. PAM can cause death within 3 to 7 days after the symptoms appear.3 After the first case of PAM which was reported in 2008, approximately 150 cases have been reported from Karachi alone. In only a decade, the number of PAM cases in Pakistan exceeded those reported in the USA in half a century (i.e. 142 cases between 1968 and 2019)4. Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan has observed a death rate of approximately 20 deaths per year due to PAM in Pakistan.5 Naegleria fowleri can be killed by chlorinating water and the ensuing disease and deaths can be eliminated but due to the failure of the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board before supplying it to houses and then the use of that water for bathing and ablution, this pathogen continues to cause deaths every year.6 According to the WHO, free chlorine having residual concentration equal to or more than 0.5 mg/L, at pH less than 8.0 and 20°C, after a contact time of at least 30 minutes is effective for chlorine disinfection. The government should make sure that this level of chlorine is maintained throughout the distribution system.2 ---Continue","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin A deficiency, a potential threat to sight in transplant recipients","authors":"None Fatema Ali Lanewala","doi":"10.47391/jpma.23-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.23-78","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin A (Vit A or Retinol) is an essential nutrient for proper human body functioning including embryogenesis, vision, cell proliferation and differentiation, immune regulation, and glucose and lipid metabolism. It is mainly acquired through diet rich in Retinol or Retinyl esters; or its precursors like carotenoids, Provitamin A, and beta carotene.1,2 Continue...","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding quackery in dentistry at Ayub Dental Hospital, Abbottabad","authors":"Bakhtawer Aziz, Najia Sajjad Khan, Salka Urooj, Sidra Nazir Qazi, Kiran Shambleed","doi":"10.47391/jpma.7783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.7783","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of people regarding dental quackery. Method: The descriptive, knowledge-attitude-practice study was conducted June 2 to August 1, 2022, at the Dentistry Department of Ayub Medical Complex, Abbottabad, Pakistan, and comprised adult subjects of ether gender belonging to lower or middle socioeconomic class and visiting the dental outpatient clinic. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire. To explore the subjects’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dental quackery. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 261 subjects. 135(51.7%) were males and 126(48.3%) were females. The overall mean age was 29.15+/-10.15 years. Of the total, 243(93.1%) participants had satisfactory socioeconomic status and 18(6.9%) had unsatisfactory status. There were 97(37.2%) subjects having good knowledge, 217(83.1%) with good attitude, and 53(67.1) showing good practices towards dental quackery. Low socioeconomic status, low awareness, and easy accessibility were the main reasons for people visiting dental quacks. Increasing the number of public hospitals was suggested as the main solution by 119(45.6%) subjects. Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dental quackery was good. Low socioeconomic status and lack of awareness were the two important reasons for quackery. Key Words: Dentistry, Frauds, Healthcare, Malpractice, Quackery.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135140983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and action related to stimulation development of stunted children","authors":"Ilya Krisnana, Praba Diyan Rachmawali, Ayu Saadatul Karimah, Eka Mishbahatul Mhas, Lizy Sonia Benjamin","doi":"10.47391/jpma.ind-s2-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.ind-s2-14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyse the correlation of parental knowledge and parental stimulation with toddler stunting. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2020 at the Tlanakan Health Centre, Pamekasan Regency, Indonesia, and comprised mothers of stunted children aged 6-36 months who had no comorbid disease. Data was collected using a questionnaire and a checklist. Data was analysed SPSS with Spearmen Rank correlation. Results: Of the 186 mothers, 125(67.2%) were aged 20-30 years, and 168(90.3%) were housewives. Among the children, 97(52.2%) were boys and 89(47.8%) were girls. The largest age group was that of 25-36 months 80(43%). There was a significant correlation of parental knowledge and stimulation with the development of stunting toddlers (p=0.001). Conclusion: Parental knowledge and actions of developmental stimulation by parents were related to the quality of development of the stunted children. Keywords: Growth disorders, Stunting, Child development, Parental knowledge.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Z. Fatima, Chand Shahzadi, Ayesha Nosheen, Khan Me, H. Rehman","doi":"10.47391/JPMA.12-1265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.12-1265","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To find out the link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease while avoiding chronic infections that lead to heart diseases. METHODS The case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from October 5, 2017, to January 5, 2018, and comprised patients of cardiovascular disease and healthy controls. Data was collected using questionnaire- based interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. RESULTS Of the 146 subjects, 73(50%) each were cases and controls. Among the cases, 48(65.75%) had periodontitis, while 25(34.25%) were free from any history or sign of periodontal infections compared to 16(21.91%) controls who had periodontitis and 57(78.08%) who did not have it (p<0.001). Conclusion There was a strong association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"1941-1943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79915944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}