J. Sánchez‐Torres, Martin J. Loza-Lopez, R. Ruiz-Cruz, E. Sánchez, A. Loukianov
{"title":"A simple recurrent neural network for solution of linear programming: Application to a Microgrid","authors":"J. Sánchez‐Torres, Martin J. Loza-Lopez, R. Ruiz-Cruz, E. Sánchez, A. Loukianov","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011550","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present a simple new class of recurrent neural networks, which solves linear programming. It is considered as a sliding mode control problem, where the network structure is based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions, and the KKT multipliers are the control inputs to be implemented with finite time stabilizing terms based on the unit control, instead of common used activation functions. Thus, the main feature of the proposed network is the fixed number of parameters despite of the optimization problem dimension, which means, the network can be easily scaled from a small to a higher dimension problem. The applicability of the proposed scheme is tested on real-time optimization of an electrical Microgrid prototype.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121030773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hana Altrabalsi, J. Liao, L. Stanković, V. Stanković
{"title":"A low-complexity energy disaggregation method: Performance and robustness","authors":"Hana Altrabalsi, J. Liao, L. Stanković, V. Stanković","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011569","url":null,"abstract":"Disaggregating total household's energy data down to individual appliances via non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NALM) has generated renewed interest with ongoing or planned large-scale smart meter deployments worldwide. Of special interest are NALM algorithms that are of low complexity and operate in near real time, supporting emerging applications such as in-home displays, remote appliance scheduling and home automation, and use low sampling rates data from commercial smart meters. NALM methods, based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and its variations, have become the state of the art due to their high performance, but suffer from high computational cost. In this paper, we develop an alternative approach based on support vector machine (SVM) and k-means, where k-means is used to reduce the SVM training set size by identifying only the representative subset of the original dataset for the SVM training. The resulting scheme outperforms individual k-means and SVM classifiers and shows competitive performance to the state-of-the-art HMM-based NALM method with up to 45 times lower execution time (including training and testing).","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125836875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paranietharan Arunagirinathan, H. A. Abdelsalam, G. Venayagamoorthy
{"title":"Remote power system stabilizer tuning using synchrophasor data","authors":"Paranietharan Arunagirinathan, H. A. Abdelsalam, G. Venayagamoorthy","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011565","url":null,"abstract":"Power system stabilizer (PSS) tuning is an important and challenging task in today's power system. In order to investigate the use of remote measurements of generator speed signals in respective PSS tuning, data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) are used in this paper. The PSSs parameter remote tuning is illustrated using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS). A MATLAB-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is implemented including the interface with the RTDS system. The two-area four-machine power system benchmark is simulated, and speed signals obtained from PMUs are used in the tuning process. The best parameters obtained for PSSs and typical results are presented to show the effectiveness of using PMU measurements for remote tuning of a number of PSSs.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of a smart microgrid with battery energy storage system's size and state of charge","authors":"A. Ahmadi, G. Venayagamoorthy, Ratnesh K. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7127250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7127250","url":null,"abstract":"A mini-grid with various distributed energy technologies such as micro-turbine, micro-hydro, wind, solar, and biomass is known as microgrid. A microgrid can either be connected to the main grid or operate stand-alone. Due to variable nature of renewable resources such wind and solar plants, energy storage becomes necessary to maintain reliability of power supply to critical loads if high level of wind and solar power penetration is to be maximized. Moreover, advanced energy management systems are critical to make intelligent decisions that minimize power outage to critical loads, and maximize the utilization of renewable sources of energy. The primary contribution of this paper is to investigate the impact of size and state of charge (SOC) of a battery energy storage system (BESS) for a given microgrid with dynamic energy management systems (DEMS). Results are presented to show the relative performance of two types of DEMS for a microgrid with different BESS size and initial SOC. The performance of an intelligent DEMS developed using an adaptive critic designs approach is compared with of a DEMS developed using a decision tree based approach.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125667265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gomes, F. Fernandes, Z. Vale, P. Faria, C. Ramos
{"title":"A learning algorithm and system approach to address exceptional events in domestic consumption management","authors":"L. Gomes, F. Fernandes, Z. Vale, P. Faria, C. Ramos","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011564","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of the Smart Grid concept into the electric grid brings to the need for an active participation of small and medium players. This active participation can be achieved using decentralized decisions, in which the end consumer can manage loads regarding the Smart Grid needs. The management of loads must handle the users' preferences, wills and needs. However, the users' preferences, wills and needs can suffer changes when faced with exceptional events. This paper proposes the integration of exceptional events into the SCADA House Intelligent Management (SHIM) system developed by the authors, to handle machine learning issues in the domestic consumption context. An illustrative application and learning case study is provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131065192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Kalman filtering approach to the detection of option mispricing in electric power markets","authors":"G. Rigatos","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011554","url":null,"abstract":"Option pricing models are usually described with the use of stochastic differential equations and diffusion-type partial differential equations (e.g. Black-Scholes models). In case of electric power markets these models are complemented with integral terms which describe the effects of jumps and changes in the diffusion process and which are associated with variations in the production rates, condition of the transmission and distribution system, pay-off capability, etc. Considering the latter case, that is a partial integrodifferential equation for the option's price, a new filtering method is developed for estimating option prices variations without knowledge of initial conditions. The proposed filtering method is the so-called Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter and is based on a transformation of the initial option price dynamics into a state-space model of the linear canonical form. The transformation is shown to be in accordance to differential flatness theory and finally provides a model of the option price dynamics for which state estimation is possible by applying the standard Kalman Filter recursion. Based on the provided state estimate, validation of the Black-Scholes partial integrodifferential equation can be performed and the existence of inconsistent parameters in the electricity market pricing model can be concluded.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"53 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132714857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coordinated electric vehicle charging solutions using renewable energy sources","authors":"K. Jhala, B. Natarajan, A. Pahwa, L. Erickson","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011553","url":null,"abstract":"Growing concerns about global warming, air pollution, and fossil fuel shortages have prompted the research and development of energy efficient electric vehicles (EVs). The United States government has a goal of putting 1 million EVs on the road by 2015. The anticipated increase in EV usage, along with the use of renewable energy sources for EV charging presents opportunities as well as technical hurdles. In this work, we propose coordinated EV charging strategies for commercial charging stations in parking lots. The focus of the research is on minimizing energy drawn from the grid while utilizing maximum energy from renewable energy resources in order to maximize benefits to parking lot owners. We propose an optimal control theory based strategy for EV charging. Specifically we derive a centralized iterative control approach in which the charging rates of EVs are optimized one at a time. Through analysis and simulations, we demonstrate that optimizing the charging rate of one vehicle at a time and repeating this process for all vehicles iteratively converges to the global optimum.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134645983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new heuristic providing an effective initial solution for a simulated annealing approach to energy resource scheduling in smart grids","authors":"T. Sousa, H. Morais, R. Castro, Z. Vale","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011563","url":null,"abstract":"An intensive use of dispersed energy resources is expected for future power systems, including distributed generation, especially based on renewable sources, and electric vehicles. The system operation methods and tool must be adapted to the increased complexity, especially the optimal resource scheduling problem. Therefore, the use of metaheuristics is required to obtain good solutions in a reasonable amount of time. This paper proposes two new heuristics, called naive electric vehicles charge and discharge allocation and generation tournament based on cost, developed to obtain an initial solution to be used in the energy resource scheduling methodology based on simulated annealing previously developed by the authors. The case study considers two scenarios with 1000 and 2000 electric vehicles connected in a distribution network. The proposed heuristics are compared with a deterministic approach and presenting a very small error concerning the objective function with a low execution time for the scenario with 2000 vehicles.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131948213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yufei Tang, Xiangnan Zhong, Zhen Ni, Jun Yan, Haibo He
{"title":"Impact of signal transmission delays on power system damping control using heuristic dynamic programming","authors":"Yufei Tang, Xiangnan Zhong, Zhen Ni, Jun Yan, Haibo He","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011567","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the impact of signal transmission delays on static VAR compensator (SVC) based power system damping control using reinforcement learning is investigated. The SVC is used to damp low-frequency oscillation between interconnected power systems under fault conditions, where measured signals from remote areas are first collected and then transmitted to the controller as the inputs. Inevitable signal transmission delays are introduced into such design that will degrade the dynamic performance of SVC and in the worst case, cause system instability. The adopted reinforcement learning algorithm, called goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (GrHDP), is employed to design the SVC controller. Impact of signal transmission delays on the adopted controller is investigated with fully transient model based time-domain simulation in Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results on a four-machine two-area benchmark system with SVC demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted algorithm on damping control and the impact of signal transmission delays.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121746025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LMP forecasting with prefiltered Gaussian process","authors":"H. Mori, K. Nakano","doi":"10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2014.7011555","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new method is proposed for Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) forecasting in Smart Grid. The marginal cost is required to supply electricity to incremental loads in case where a certain node increases power demands in a balanced power system. LMP plays an important role to maintain economic efficiency in power markets in a way that electricity flows from a low-cost area to high-cost one and the transmission network congestion in alleviated. The power market players are interested in maximizing the profits and minimizing the risks through selling and buying electricity. As a result, it is of importance to obtain accurate information on electricity pricing forecasting in advance so that their desire is reflected. This paper presents the Gaussian Process (GP) technique that comes from the extension of Support Vector Machine (SVM) that hierarchical Bayesian estimation is introduced to express the model parameters as the probabilistic variables. The advantage is that the model accuracy of GP is better than others. In this paper, GP is integrated with the k-means method of clustering to improve the performance of GP. Also, this paper makes use of the Mahalanobis kernel in GP rather than the Gaussian one so that GP is generalized to approximate nonlinear systems. The proposed method is successfully applied to real data of ISO New England in USA.","PeriodicalId":166543,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG)","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132134507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}