Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Safety and Health Risk Management in Selected Kenya Tea Development Agency Factories in Bomet County, Kenya","authors":"Bett Hillary Kipkoech, Anthony Wanjohi, Isaac Makau","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i4340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i4340","url":null,"abstract":"Factory workers are faced with myriad of occupational safety and health risks as they carry on their day to day duties in their workstations. These safety and health risks are as a result of exposure to occupational hazards such as noise, organic dust, non-safeguarded or poorly safeguarded machines, poor ergonomics, poor floor conditions and falls, hot surfaces, among others. The objective of this research was to establish the safety and health risk management in Kenya Tea Development Agency Factories in Bomet County. The study used cross sectional analytical research design that allowed data collection at one point in time and involved photography, interviews, observation and measurements (air quality and noise) for data collection. The independent variables were classified under individual and system characteristics. Individual characteristics were the demographic variables while system characteristics were the hardware that make up a tea factory. The intervening variables were the system that make up safety and health management system and administration in the factory. The study was undertaken in Bomet County which has eight KTDA tea processing factories. The target population was employees in Tea Factories managed by KTDA. The study population was 1019 workers in tea factories in Bomet County with a sample size of 317 employees. Simple random sampling gave every worker a chance to be included in the study. The Yamane (1968) sample size determination formula was used in the study since the target population was less than 10,000 people. Authorization was obtained from Kenyatta University Graduate School and ethical clearance sought from Kenyatta University Ethical Review Committee while the research license was obtained from NACOSTI. Access to the KTDA Factories was granted by management through the managing director at the head office. Informed consent was sought from workers before participating in the study. Focus Group Discussion guide, interviewer administered questionnaires, noise meter and particulate counter was used for data collection. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics such as mean, frequencies and percentages. The inferential statistics; chi square and binary logistic regression model was used to test association between variables. Qualitative data was grouped according to emerging themes. Data was presented using charts and tables. The prevalence of occupational hazards in tea factories was 41.3%. The study statistically established that machinery without safeguards was the most prevalent occupational hazard at 40.5%. In the sampled factories and specific sections, Kapkoros Tea Factory and Withering sections recorded higher mean equivalent noise levels (91.4 dBA and 97.3dBA) above exposure limits (90.0dBA) stipulated under The Factories and Other Places of Work (Noise Prevention and Control) Rules, 2005 while both PM2.5 and PM10 levels in sampled factories were below OEL and generally high at the sorting section (0.3","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological Evaluation of Surface and Groundwater used for Domestic Purposes in Ibadan","authors":"Ajongbolo Olayinka Abigail, K.O. Adediran, Morakinyo Abraham Adebambo, Abass Falilat Abeo, Ezekiel Dauda Gambo, Paul Yiran Ntasin, Adamu Muhammad Ibrahim","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i4339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i4339","url":null,"abstract":"The right to safe and clean drinking water is a human right, unfortunately many communities rely on unsafe and contaminated water for drinking and domestic purposes. Through improper sewage and hospital waste disposal, pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria have found their way to natural water sources used by humans. In this study we aim to profile pathogenic bacteria and resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) from surface and ground water sources in three local government areas of Oyo state. 30 water samples were collected randomly from the selected local government areas. Bacteriological, biochemical and antibiotic-resistant analysis was carried out on the isolated bacteria from the water samples. E. coli (28.30%) and Kleb pneumoniae (23.77%) were the predominant bacteria isolates, while Shigella (16.22%) and Salmonella (16.22%) also had substantial percentages. Nineteen E. coli was isolated and identified, with high antibiotic resistance rates observed in nalidixic Acid (100%), augmentin (100%), ampiclox (94.74%) and third-generation cephalosporins. Conversely, moderate levels of resistance were observed in nitrofurantoin (55.55%), cefepime (57.89%), and second-generation fluoroquinolones. This study reveals substantial pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistant E. coli in water samples which endangers the health of communities’ dependent on these water sources and exposes the inhabitants to antibiotic-resistant organisms from contaminated water used for domestic purposes. It is crucial to put in place water treatment measures and quality monitoring programmes in order to guarantee that the populace has access to clean and safe drinking water.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Elderly: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Evolutionary Aspects","authors":".. Ngom N F, .. Mbaye B R, .. Ndiaye A, .. Thiam K., .. Faye F A, .. Dia Kane Y, .. Ka O, .. Coume M., .. Touré N O","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i4338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i4338","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly and to determine the factors associated with death.  \u0000Study Design:  This was an exhaustive, descriptive, and analytical retrospective study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Pneumo-phtisiology department of Fann National Teaching Hospital Center over three years, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. \u0000Methodology: This was a study using medical records of patients aged 60 and over hospitalized in the pneumo-phtisiology department. Data were collected on a pre-established from patient medical records entered with Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Data analysis was performed with Statistical Package for Sciences Socials (SPSS) version 18 \u0000Results: we collected 620 medical records of hospitalized patients aged 60 and over, 69 of whom were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, standing for a prevalence of 11.12%. The average age was 67.13 [60;85] years, with a sex ratio of 3.92. The 60 to 65 age group was the most represented (n=36 or 52.17%). Smoking and alcoholism were frequent, 82% and 17.4% respectively. A previous history of TB infection was found in 23.19% of cases and TB contagion in 20.3% of cases. An underlying condition was at least observed in 50.72% of patients, dominated by diabetes (29%) and hypertension (23%). Co-infection with HIV-1 and tuberculosis was found in 2 patients (3%). The time to consultation was 75 days [3-180 days]. Symptomatology was polymorphic, dominated by cough (n=65; 94.20%), altered general condition (n=63; 91.30%), sputum (n=58; 84.06%), fever (n=53; 76.81%) and dyspnea (n=47; 68.12%). 46 patients (66.7%) had a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2. Physical signs were dominated by pulmonary condensation (n=52; 75.36%), and a fold of undernutrition was noted in 21.74% of cases. Microbiological evidence was 92.75% and 64 patients (92.75%) were susceptible to rifampin. A rifampin-resistant strain was detected in 5 patients (7.25%) hospitalized in the MDR-TB unit. CRP (75.36%), anemia (68.18%), hyperleukocytosis (47.7%), and hyponatremia (27.54%) were the most frequent biological signs. \u0000Alveolar syndrome (n=48 or 70%) and cavitary images (n=34 or 50%) were most frequently found on lung radiography, and for those who benefited from thoracic CT (n=36 or 52.17%), cavitary images were found in 24 cases (66.66%). \u0000Pulmonary embolism (n=9 cases, i.e. 40.9%), superinfection (n=4), and excessive hemoptysis (n=3) were the most frequent complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 17 days [3-58 days]. The 2RHZE/4RH protocol was used for 87%. Two patients were placed on a second-line anti-tuberculosis treatment protocol. Treatment was not specified in 7 patients (10.14%). The progression was favorable in 48 patients (69.56% of cases), with a case fatality rate of 30.44%.  Dyspnea, chest pain, anemia, hyperleukocytosis, and hyponatremia were associated with the risk of death. \u0000Conclusion: The elderly are pa","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140706868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-barr Virus and Herpes Simplex Viruses in Children Born HIV Positive at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon","authors":"Mbongue-Mikangue C.A., Sake C.S., Njiki-Bikoi J., Mekounthe-Motso M, Amagaga Abialina W.F., Soh L.B., Mahoumo Fodop A., Mbaga D.S., Kwedjeu C.S., Touangnou-Chamba S.A., Njiki Bikoi A.U., Riwom Essama S.H.","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3337","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cameroon is a country located in sub-Saharan Africa, which is an area endemic to herpesviridae family, there is very little data on the herpes virus infections epidemiology, especially associated with HIV infection.\u0000Aims: The aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of four herpes viruses that are cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) in HIV-positive patients in Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital.\u0000Methodology: the study was prospective cross-sectional and took place at Yaounde University Teaching Hospital and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, between November 2020 and April 2021. We included consecutively 74 on children living with HIV born HIV positive, on antiretroviral treatment (23 men, 51 women; age range 3-19 years), and whose medical file was complete and available within the ATC. IgG/IgM antibodies against HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, and IgM against EBV were qualitatively determined by Rapid Diagnostic Tests, for the detection of these pathogens. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22.0, the Fisher exact and the Khi-sqaure tests to compare qualitative variables between groups, while on the other hand, we used the Mann-Whitney test to compare quantitative variables. All P values below 0.05 were considered significant.\u0000Results: A total of 74 participants were enrolled in the study with a female predominance of 68.92% (n=51/74). The average age of our serie was 9.05±5.09 years, and a majority of participants was under 10 years old (56.76%, n=42/74). HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV and CMV Seroprevalences were 93.24%, 93.24%, 22.97% and 12.2% respectively. Other parameters such as sex, age, stage of disease, smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with the seropositivity of these herpesviridae.\u0000Conclusion: Despite the absence for most of the clinical manifestations related to HSV-1 and HSV-2, it was strong to note a high circulation of those virus in HIV infected patients, mainly in bi and tri co-infections.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dolutegravir-based Regimen on Tolerance and Virologic Suppression, Compared to Non-dolutegravir Regimen among PLHIV in Southern Senegal","authors":"Kalilou Diallo, Dame Mbengue, Habib Sarr, Abdou Badiane, Khadidiatou Diallo, M. N. Coly, Ludmillie Annie Badji, Bruce Shinga Wembulua, Khardiata Diallo, Ansoumana Diatta, Noel Magloire Manga","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3336","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2020, Senegal began a transition to a Dolutgravir-based treatment as a first-line regimen in all new ART initiators in accordance with WHO recommendations.\u0000Aims: To determine the virological suppression and the tolerance on patients under a dolutegravir-based regimen by comparison with patients on a regimen without dolutegravir after at least 6 months of treatment.\u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study based on retrospective data (from January 2nd, 2017 to June 30th; 2022) involving 469 patients, 219 people were initiated with Dolutegravir regimen ART between Jan 2nd, 2020, and June 30th, 2022, and 250 patients treated using the old protocol (non-dolutegravir regimen). Patients who had received both the old protocol then switched to a DTG based regimen were excluded from the study.\u0000A single questionnaire was used to collect data. Sociodemographic, clinical and virological parameters and the last control of the virological load were analyzed with Stata 16 software. Descriptive statistics and univaried analysis were also carried-out.\u0000Results: In the dolutegravir regimen ART group, 161 (73, 52%) of 219 were women and 58 (26.48) were men. The median participant age was 43·0 years (IQR 33·0–53·0) and the median time on ART was 28·0 months (23·0–36·0). The dolutegravir-based regimen combined tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir. 15 (6, 85 %) were receiving tuberculosis treatment at the time of ART initiation. The proportion of patients screened at an advanced clinical stage of AIDS (WHO stage 3 or 4) were 63, 47%. People initiated on dolutegravir were more likely to be retained in care at 12 months (100% vs. 95.20%; p=0.075) and having viral suppression (96.80%vs. 96.40% ; p=0,810) compared with those initiated on non-dolutegravir-based regimens but the difference was not statistically significant. Fewer patients presented side effects due to triple therapy in the dolutegravir-based regimen group compared to the non-dolutegravir group (2.74% vs. 3.20%; p=0.77). In the dolutegravir based regimen the side effects were mainly vomiting, insomnia, and dizziness. The mean gain weight was 6,7± 8,2 kilograms.\u0000For the non-dolutegravir regimen group, 195 (78.00%) were women. The median participants age was 43·0 years (IQR 34·0–53·0) and the median time on ART was 55·0 years (48·0–65·0) months. 18 (7, 20%) were receiving tuberculosis treatment at time of ART initiation. The therapeutic protocol combined TDF, lamivudine, Efavirenz in 225 cases (90%). A percentage of 59.20% patients were screened at an advanced clinical stage of AIDS (WHO Stage 3 and 4). In this group the side effects were mainly nausea and insomnia and the mean gain weight was 7,2 ± 6,2 kilograms.\u0000Conclusion: The results of our study show a high rate of viral suppression, and good tolerance of the dolutegravir-based regimen in a decentralized setting.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compendium: Management of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (Viral Fever), Involving Its Pathogenesis","authors":"Yash Srivastav, Aniket Kumar, Jaya Singh, Aditya Srivastav, Mohd. Imtiyaz Ahmad","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3334","url":null,"abstract":"The term \"Viral Hemorrhagic Fever\" (VHF) describes a severe feverish sickness characterized by aberrant vascular control, vascular damage, and hemorrhagic symptoms. Multiple viruses belonging to distinct families are the cause of this illness. The viruses that cause VHF are categorized into seven distinct families according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses' most recent classification: Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, Filoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Arenavidae, and Flaviviridae are the families involved. The concept of virus hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) originated in the 1930s when Soviet researchers were studying hantaviral hemorrhagic fever (HF) with renal dysfunction. Dengue fever/Dengue haemorrhagic fever and Kyasanur forest sickness are the two most common viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) in India that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. The diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CCHF) in India is greatly hampered by the co-occurring symptoms of hemorrhagic fevers such as dengue, Kyasanur forest sickness, Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever, and other illnesses such as leptospirosis, meningococcal infections, and malaria. The pathophysiology, aetiology, diagnosis, treatment, symptoms, and indicators of virus hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are all covered in this review article.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":" 75","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of invA gene from Salmonella species isolated from Human Sources in Southern Taraba, North-East Nigeria","authors":"Abel Onolunosen Abhadionmhen, E. P. K. Imarenezor, Samuel Tamuno Cockeye Brown, Omotayo Emerson Lana, Oreye Queen Usiabulu","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3333","url":null,"abstract":"Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Wukari, Donga, Ibi, and Takum Local Government Areas in Southern Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. These areas were chosen due to their high population of farmers and traders, making them suitable locations for investigating foodborne pathogens. The experimental research spanned a period of 7 months, during which 200 blood and stool samples were collected from food vendors in the selected areas.\u0000Methodology: Sample collection involved the collection of 200 blood and stool samples from food vendors in Wukari, Donga, Ibi, and Takum Local Government Areas. Isolation and confirmation of Salmonella species were carried out through cultural and biochemical analyses, with reference strains used for quality control. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) extraction was performed using the boiling technique, followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the invA gene. Electrophoresis on an agarose gel was used to visualize the presence of the invA gene in the isolates.\u0000Results: The results of the study revealed a high prevalence of Salmonella species among food vendors in Southern Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. Analysis of the invA gene showed its presence in all isolates, indicating the widespread distribution of virulent strains in the study area. The findings underscore the importance of PCR-based methods for the detection of Salmonella and suggest the need for comprehensive surveillance and control measures to prevent foodborne illnesses.\u0000Conclusion: The study demonstrates the significant prevalence of Salmonella species among food vendors in Southern Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. The detection of the invA gene in all isolates highlights the potential virulence of these strains and emphasizes the importance of effective surveillance and control strategies to mitigate the risk of foodborne diseases. Further research is warranted to elucidate the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance genes associated with Salmonella strains in the region, facilitating the development of targeted interventions for public health protection.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"99 S4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Physiotherapy in Managing Chronic Respiratory Conditions: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Harini Rajagopalan*, P. Prakash, Khushbu Kumari, Liji Chaudhary, Niharika Tiwari","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i3332","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic respiratory conditions, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease, present persistent challenges to respiratory function and holistic well-being. This paper acknowledges the complexity of these conditions and underscores the essential role of physiotherapy interventions within multidisciplinary care approaches. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the management of chronic respiratory conditions, this review explores key physiotherapy interventions such as breathing exercises, airway clearance techniques, and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. The analysis aims to illuminate how these interventions contribute to enhancing respiratory health and overall quality of life. Additionally, this paper briefly outlines its structure, focusing on the evolving landscape of physiotherapeutic strategies. By emphasizing their significance in the comprehensive care paradigm, this review guides individuals navigating the complexities of chronic respiratory diseases towards improved well-being.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Ziguinchor, Southern Region of Senegal","authors":"Kalilou Diallo, Lamine Mané, Ludmillie Annie Badji, M. N. Coly, Habib Sarr, Bruce Shinga Wembulua, Emmanuel Nicolas Cabral, Ansoumana Diatta, Noel Magloire Manga","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i2331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i2331","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Untreated smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis constitutes the main source of transmission of the disease in the community.\u0000Aims: The aim of our study was to determine the diagnosis delays of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and to identify the factors associated with the diagnosis delay in Ziguinchor, Senegal.\u0000Methodology: This is a prospective descriptive and analytical study carried out from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022, in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose diagnosis was confirmed by the identification of AFB in sputum after Ziehl Nielsen staining and/or detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Genexpert. Delay was defined as a diagnosis confirmed after 36 days. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with diagnosis delay.\u0000Results: A total of 141 patients were included. They had an average age of 40 years ± 16 years, (16 years - 86 years). The peak age group was 16-30 years (34.04%). The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.8. The main characteristics of the patients were: a low level of education (34.8%), work in the informal sector (70.2%) and smoking (25.5%). More than half of the patients (78.44%) had their home less than 5 km from the anti-tuberculosis dispensing center. The patients’ initial symptoms were dominated by cough (90.0%), fever (78%) and weight loss (59.6%). The traditional healer was the first source of care in 40.4%, followed by the health post (37.7%), the health center (16%) and regional hospitals (5.8%). HIV serology was positive in 13.5% of cases. The average time between the beginning of symptoms and the tuberculosis diagnosis was 36± 9.22 days (15 - 58 days). The median time to treatment initiation was 1.8± 1.6 days (1 - 6 days). A diagnosis delay was noted in 53.19%. In multivariate analysis with linear regression, age > 50 years (p = 0.021), use of herbal medicine (p = 0.036) and monthly income < 58 USD (p = 0.039) were the factors associated with late diagnosis of tuberculosis.\u0000Conclusion: The diagnostic delay in smear-positive tuberculosis cases is significant in our context.  To shorten this mean delay period, it is necessary to both strengthen the professional abilities and skills of caregivers in the health posts and involve after training the traditional healers in the screening and sensitizing process of the population","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients Using a One-Health Approach","authors":"C. Schell, Víctor S. Blancato, Ruth Jésica Carbone, María Josefina Mauro, Vanina Torres, Christian Magni","doi":"10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i2330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i2330","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The surveillance and investigation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in nosocomial pathogens such as Enterococcus spp. have not been adequately prioritized within health institutions, especially in the context of COVID-19. The objective of this work was to conduct an epidemiological and molecular study in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from hospitalized patients using a \"One Health\" approach in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Study Design: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was designed. All strains were isolated from hospitalized patients in a public hospital in La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina from September 2019 to August 2021; coincidental with the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Methodology: In this study, we used N=17 Enterococcus spp. detected by biochemical testing and BD Phoenix™ M50: E. faecalis (n=6) and E. faecium (n=11). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined according to standard guidelines (disk diffusion and MIC). AR and VF genes were detected by PCR assays. \u0000Results: 10/11 (90.9%) vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strains were confirmed by molecular test. The highest detection of vanA-VREFM resulted after the pandemic cohort (2021). Resistance to glycopeptides was associated with resistance to ß-lactams and high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. The gen aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia was detected in E. faecium (n=7) and E. faecalis (n=1). The esp gene (52.9%) was the most frequent virulence factor, followed by gelE 7 (41.2%) and cylA 1 (5.9%) among E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. \u0000Conclusions: Nosocomial pathogens and commensal bacteria such as Enterococcus have an essential role in spreading AR and VF using genome plasticity to transfer genes located in MGE. The epidemiological and molecular investigation of multidrug-resistant strains allows adjusting biosafety protocols to prevent their spread.","PeriodicalId":166387,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}