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The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology最新文献

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Multiple Histories: The Archaeology, Ethnohistory, Oral History, and National History of Iximche', Guatemala 多重历史:考古、民族历史、口述历史和伊ximche的国家历史，危地马拉
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16033
Jessica Metcalfe
{"title":"Multiple Histories: The Archaeology, Ethnohistory, Oral History, and National History of Iximche', Guatemala","authors":"Jessica Metcalfe","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16033","url":null,"abstract":"This article calls for the use of multiple histories to reconstruct the past. More specifically, it argues that Indigenous histories should figure prominently in archaeological discourse. Although the word ‘decolonization’ and its derivatives are never used in the article, it argues for what would today be recognized as a decolonizing approach: foregrounding Indigenous voices, conducting research with benefits for Indigenous communities, changing language that legitimizes Eurocentric views, and ‘braiding’ different ways of knowing about the past. Drawing on ethnohistoric sources, Maya oral histories, archaeological reports, and national histories told by Ladino authorities, this paper examines several historical themes in relation to the Maya site of Iximche’: its origins, conflict and ethnic relations, politics, religion, and identity. This case study shows that combining multiple historical perspectives has the potential to highlight the dynamic, changing, and sometimes contradictory histories of Iximche’s people, and to assert the relevance of Iximche’ and the Maya to Guatemala’s past, present, and future. More generally, bringing together ‘multiple histories’ is a way for archaeologists to build respectful partnerships with Indigenous peoples and act as allies in revitalizing Indigenous identities and cultures. 
","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135227580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Museums Narrating the Nation: Case Studies from Greece and Bosnia-Herzegovina 讲述国家的博物馆:希腊和波黑的案例研究
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16030
Evan Taylor
{"title":"Museums Narrating the Nation: Case Studies from Greece and Bosnia-Herzegovina","authors":"Evan Taylor","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16030","url":null,"abstract":"A museum that represents a community’s history and culture has the ability to influence visitors’ perceptions of that community in the present. In this paper, museums in Greece and Bosnia-Herzegovina are examined as case studies to better understand how museums narrate national identity to visitors, both domestic and international. Critical analysis of exhibits reveals that museum narratives often project the image of singular national identities. Meanwhile, they may deny the history of place of other contemporary or historic communities. In Greece, museums project a ‘Greek’ identity based on Classical, Byzantine, and post-Ottoman history. Museums in Bosnia-Herzegovina emphasize a unifying, shared history of the state’s three main ethnic communities without recognizing the profound differences felt between these communities today. These institutions encourage visitors to imagine the nation in a singular manner, without recognizing contemporary or historic diversity. Through these case studies, I interrogate the role of national museums in contemporary society, and consider the implications of transforming representational practices.","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135227571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Culture in Social Theory 社会理论中的文化
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16027
Greg Beckett
{"title":"Culture in Social Theory","authors":"Greg Beckett","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16027","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the place of an anthropological concept of culture in contemporary social theory more broadly. The concept of culture in Marxist social theory is explored with an emphasis on the questions of determination, social reproduction, and the problem of social action and agency. Drawing on works from cultural Marxists such as Raymond Williams and Stuart Hall, this article argues for a theory of cultural mediation as key to social reproduction over time.","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135227588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Proto-Human Language: Fact or Fiction 原始人类语言:事实还是虚构
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16032
Christine Schreyer
{"title":"A Proto-Human Language: Fact or Fiction","authors":"Christine Schreyer","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether or not linguistics can be used to uncover the origins of human language for anatomically modern humans through an examination of proto-language studies. Specifically, this paper examines whether it is possible to determine a proto-language for all modern human languages. A review of comparative linguistics, including the challenges with this mode of study in deep-time, as well as genetic evidence is included to determine how far these kinds of studies are viable into the past. The paper concludes that it is highly unlikely that use of comparative linguistics can be used as a method as far back as the origins of human language.","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135227959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Truth About Deer, Turtles, and Dogs: An Examination of the Ancient Maya Human-Faunal Interaction 鹿、龟和狗的真相:对古玛雅人与动物互动的考察
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16029
Lindsay Foreman
{"title":"The Truth About Deer, Turtles, and Dogs: An Examination of the Ancient Maya Human-Faunal Interaction","authors":"Lindsay Foreman","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how Mayan individuals, families, and communities living in Mesoamerica from approximately 1200 B.C. to A.D. 1550 interacted with deer, turtles, and dogs. Data collated from archaeological, ethnohistoric, ethnographic, and written/artistic records is reviewed, and summarizes the symbolic, ritual, and ceremonial significance of these animals in the Preclassic to Postclassic Maya world.
 Deer, turtles, and dogs played important roles in the subsistence economy of Mayan individuals and family groups. Chi-square statistical analyses of the Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) and Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) of deer, turtles, and dogs recovered from 10 Mayan archaeological sites (6 inland and 4 coastal) indicates that the availability of these animals differed at inland versus coastal locations and over time. These differences can be attributed to a combination of factors including, but not limited to, local ecosystems, changes in humidity, precipitation, and sunlight conditions, and variations in human exploitation patterns over time.","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135227970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Evolutionary History of the Modern Birth Mechanism: Looking at Skeletal and Cultural Adaptations 现代出生机制的进化史:看骨骼和文化适应
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16118
Sharon Sadvari (née Buck)
{"title":"The Evolutionary History of the Modern Birth Mechanism: Looking at Skeletal and Cultural Adaptations","authors":"Sharon Sadvari (née Buck)","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16118","url":null,"abstract":"The development of bipedalism changed the course of hominin evolutionary history. One of the most significant impacts it had, outside of locomotion, was on birth. The advent of bipedalism, combined with later encephalization, has placed many evolutionary constraints on the birth process. As a result of evolutionary pressures, a series of skeletal and cultural adaptations occurred making the modern birth process unique. This paper reviews the literature and fossil evidence and will outline the differences between three forms of birth mechanisms: modern, ancient and non- human primate. A look at the variability within these processes will lead to a more complete understanding of evolutionary history and a more critical analysis of the fossil record. This review of research on the evolution of human birth mechanisms is essential, not only to understand our history but also to apply these insights in a modern context. Knowledge of human and non- human primate birth mechanisms is useful for the biomedical community, primate conservationists and socio-cultural anthropologists trying to understand birthing practices throughout different cultures.","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116131510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transformation of Coca to Cocaine: An Overview of Traditional Drug Use and Modern Drug Abuse 古柯到古柯碱的转化:传统毒品使用与现代毒品滥用综述
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16031
Marla Toyne
{"title":"Transformation of Coca to Cocaine: An Overview of Traditional Drug Use and Modern Drug Abuse","authors":"Marla Toyne","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16031","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper briefly reviews the complex relationship between traditional use of coca and the consumption of the recreational drug, cocaine. A review of the history of coca production and utilization in the Andean region of South American illustrates the bio-social evolution of this plant. Coca leaves also have long played a significant role in the local economy and ritual practice. Alternatively, cocaine’s history and modern position as an illegal narcotic has a different impact on individuals, society, and the global economy. This paper reviews the role that both “drugs” play in terms of the health and lifestyle effects on the respective consumers. ","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125762288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Nêhiyawak Nation through Âcimowina: Experiencing Plains Cree Knowledge through Oral Narratives 通过Âcimowina的Nêhiyawak民族:通过口头叙述体验平原克里族知识
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16028
Paulina Johnson
{"title":"The Nêhiyawak Nation through Âcimowina: Experiencing Plains Cree Knowledge through Oral Narratives","authors":"Paulina Johnson","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper connects you to the Nehiyawak Nation of Western Canada by sharing key elements of our intellectual traditions and knowledge systems that have been shared through countless generations. The basis of this paper extends through the Indigenisation and decolonisation initiatives of preceding Indigenous scholars who have begun sharing their knowledge in a means to rewrite and challenge the dominant systems and methodological approaches that we ourselves find ourselves in. Since it does, I want you as the reader to understand that the concepts found in this paper are not the typical knowledge you are taught, and I ask you to come with an open mind as you read it since our Western society has been removed from metaphysical elements of our environment. The stories and insights of the Nehiyawak culture found in this paper delivers an emphasis on the deep-rooted understanding of the universe linked within our language, understanding of the world, and ancestral knowledge. It is shared with you for the purpose of enlightenment, and not for academic debate. I do not own this knowledge, but these are the stories of the Nehiyawak Nation, of which I am a part. You may not understand this paper now, but the information presented and given to you will keep with traditional customs and will make sense to you maybe not this year but maybe couple years down the road, as this is the lifelong effect of storytelling found in the Nehiyawak Nation.","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135227546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial Metaphors as Linguistic Primitives: A Comparison of UP-DOWN Metaphors in Three Languages 空间隐喻作为语言的原语:三种语言中上下隐喻的比较
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16121
Mark Tovey
{"title":"Spatial Metaphors as Linguistic Primitives: A Comparison of UP-DOWN Metaphors in Three Languages","authors":"Mark Tovey","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16121","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the mapping of such ideas as happy and sad, control and subjugation, and past and future upon the spatial metaphors of UP and DOWN. Hitherto, such mapping had only been considered for English but this paper extends this to two other languages.","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136323192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
De Profundis: Unmasking the clinical pathological and sociocultural aspects of leprosy 揭示麻风病的临床病理和社会文化方面
The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16116
Mark Dolson
{"title":"De Profundis: Unmasking the clinical pathological and sociocultural aspects of leprosy","authors":"Mark Dolson","doi":"10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwoja.v25i1.16116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166386,"journal":{"name":"The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135227969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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