Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics最新文献

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A metric to predict software scalability 预测软件可伸缩性的度量
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011334
E. Weyuker, Alberto Avritzer
{"title":"A metric to predict software scalability","authors":"E. Weyuker, Alberto Avritzer","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011334","url":null,"abstract":"Software system scalability is an important issue for most businesses. It is essential that as the customer base increases, and therefore the system has to deal with significantly increased loads, the system is prepared to handle the increased traffic so that the users do not encounter unacceptable system performance. For this reason we introduce a new metric, the PNL metric, that can be used to predict the likely loads at which the probability of performance problems will exceed acceptable levels. A case study is described that demonstrates the application of the PNL metric to a large industrial software system. A description of the steps taken to model the software and collect data is provided, as well as the computation of the PNL metric and implications derived from the computation for this system. This information was used by the project to help plan for additional capacity so that the performance experienced by customers was likely to remain acceptable.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122663590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
What we have learned about fighting defects 我们在对抗缺陷方面学到了什么
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011343
F. Shull, V. Basili, B. Boehm, A. W. Brown, P. Costa, M. Lindvall, D. Port, I. Rus, R. Tesoriero, M. Zelkowitz, G. Succi
{"title":"What we have learned about fighting defects","authors":"F. Shull, V. Basili, B. Boehm, A. W. Brown, P. Costa, M. Lindvall, D. Port, I. Rus, R. Tesoriero, M. Zelkowitz, G. Succi","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011343","url":null,"abstract":"The Center for Empirically Based Software Engineering helps improve software development by providing guidelines for selecting development techniques, recommending areas for further research, and supporting software engineering education. A central activity toward achieving this goal has been the running of \"e- Workshops\" that capture expert knowledge with a minimum of overhead effort to formulate heuristics on a particular topic. The resulting heuristics are a useful summary of the current state of knowledge in an area based on expert opinion. This paper discusses the results to date of a series of e-Workshops on software defect reduction. The original discussion items are presented along with an encapsulated summary of the expert discussion. The reformulated heuristics can be useful both to researchers (for pointing out gaps in the current state of the knowledge requiring further investigation) and to practitioners (for benchmarking or setting expectations about development practices).","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130810774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 292
On the sensitivity of COCOMO II software cost estimation model COCOMO II软件成本估算模型的敏感性研究
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011321
P. Musílek, W. Pedrycz, Nan Sun, G. Succi
{"title":"On the sensitivity of COCOMO II software cost estimation model","authors":"P. Musílek, W. Pedrycz, Nan Sun, G. Succi","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011321","url":null,"abstract":"Software cost estimation techniques predict the amount of effort required to develop a software system. Cost estimates are needed throughout the software lifecycle to determine feasibility of software projects and to provide for appropriate allocation or reallocation of available resources. To assess the effect of imprecise evaluations, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed on a major cost estimation model, COCOMO II. Results of this analysis are described and explicated in this paper. To reduce risk of drawing biased conclusions, three different methods for sensitivity analysis were employed: the mathematical analysis of the estimating equation, Monte Carlo simulation, and error propagation. The results of the first two methods are very consistent and confirm expected highest sensitivity of the model to the imprecision of the size estimate. Error propagation allows determination of the combined impact of imprecision in multiple inputs and it is therefore most valuable from the practical point of view. The results obtained by this technique also indicate very strong sensitivity to the imprecision in size estimates. A possible way to cope with imprecise information in software cost estimation is also indicated.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131494791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 82
Measuring graph abstractions of software: an information-theory approach 测量软件的图抽象:一种信息论方法
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011337
E. B. Allen
{"title":"Measuring graph abstractions of software: an information-theory approach","authors":"E. B. Allen","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011337","url":null,"abstract":"A graph composed of nodes and edges may be an abstraction of a software system and a subgraph may represent a software module. Software-design graphs depict components and their relationships. Building on prior work by E.B. Allen, T.M. Khoshgoftaar and Y. Chen (2001), this paper proposes information theory-based measures on graphs at the system and module levels for application to software. We propose measures of size, length, complexity, coupling and cohesion which largely conform to the properties of these attributes defined by L.C. Briand, S. Morasca and V.R. Basili (1996, 1997). We illustrate the measures with examples and suggest extensions for hypergraphs.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126602151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Software quality analysis by code clones in industrial legacy software 在工业遗留软件中通过代码克隆进行软件质量分析
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011328
Akito Monden, Daikai Nakae, Toshihiro Kamiya, Shin-ichi Sato, Ken-ichi Matsumoto
{"title":"Software quality analysis by code clones in industrial legacy software","authors":"Akito Monden, Daikai Nakae, Toshihiro Kamiya, Shin-ichi Sato, Ken-ichi Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011328","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research suggests that the code clone (duplicated code) is one of the factors that degrades the design and the structure of software and lowers the software quality such as readability and changeability. However, the influence of code clones on software quality has not been quantitatively clarified yet. We have tried to quantitatively clarify the relation between code clones and the software reliability and maintainability of twenty year old software. As a result, we found that modules having code clones (clone-included modules) are more reliable than modules having no code clone (non-clone modules) on average. Nevertheless, the modules having very large code clones (more than 200 SLOC) are less reliable than non-clone modules. We also found that clone-included modules are less maintainable (having greater revision number on average) than non-clone modules; and, modules having larger code clone are less maintainable than modules having smaller code clone.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127982841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 195
Dynamic coupling measures for object-oriented software 面向对象软件的动态耦合措施
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011323
E. Arisholm
{"title":"Dynamic coupling measures for object-oriented software","authors":"E. Arisholm","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011323","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between coupling and external quality factors of object-oriented software have been studied extensively for the past few years. For example, several studies have identified clear empirical relationships between class-level coupling and the fault-proneness of the classes. A common way to quantify the coupling is through static code analysis. However, the resulting static coupling measures only capture certain underlying dimensions of coupling. Other dependencies regarding the dynamic behavior of software can only be inferred from run-time information. For example, due to inheritance and polymorphism, it is not always possible to determine the actual receiver and sender classes (i.e., the objects) from static code analysis. This paper describes how several dimensions of dynamic coupling can be calculated by tracing the flow of messages between objects at run-time. As a first evaluation of the proposed dynamic coupling measures, fairly accurate prediction models of the change proneness of classes have been developed using change data from nine maintenance releases of a large SmallTalk system. Preliminary results suggest that dynamic coupling may also be useful for developing prediction models and tools supporting change impact analysis. At present, work on developing a dynamic coupling tracer and ripple-effect prediction models for Java programs is underway.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133243039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 95
A comparison of development effort estimation techniques for Web hypermedia applications Web超媒体应用程序开发工作量估算技术的比较
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011332
E. Mendes, I. Watson, Chris Triggs, Nile Mosley, S. Counsell
{"title":"A comparison of development effort estimation techniques for Web hypermedia applications","authors":"E. Mendes, I. Watson, Chris Triggs, Nile Mosley, S. Counsell","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011332","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have compared the prediction accuracy of different types of techniques with emphasis placed on linear and stepwise regressions, and case-based reasoning (CBR). We believe the use of only one type of CBR technique may bias the results, as there are others that can also be used for effort prediction. This paper has two objectives. The first is to compare the prediction accuracy of three CBR techniques to estimate the effort to develop Web hypermedia applications. The second objective is to compare the prediction accuracy of the best CBR technique, according to our findings, against three commonly used prediction models, namely multiple linear regression, stepwise regression and regression trees. One dataset was used in the estimation process and the results showed that different measures of prediction accuracy gave different results. MMRE and MdMRE showed better prediction accuracy for multiple regression models whereas box plots showed better accuracy for CBR.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123195740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 95
Avoiding architectural degeneration: an evaluation process for software architecture 避免架构退化:软件架构的评估过程
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011327
M. Lindvall, R. Tvedt, P. Costa
{"title":"Avoiding architectural degeneration: an evaluation process for software architecture","authors":"M. Lindvall, R. Tvedt, P. Costa","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011327","url":null,"abstract":"Software systems undergo constant change causing the architecture of the system to degenerate over time. Redirecting development effort toward reversing system degeneration takes extra effort and delays the release of the next version. The value of an improved architecture is clear to technical staff, but it is often difficult to convince upper management that the extra effort is necessary. Improved architecture is intangible and does not translate into visible user features that can be marketed. Due to a lack of representative metrics, technical staff has problems arguing that stopping degeneration is indeed necessary and that the effort will result in an improved architecture that will pay off. We believe that architectural metrics would give technical staff better tools to argue their case. This paper defines and uses a set of architectural metrics and outlines a process for analyzing architecture to support such an argument. The paper reports on a case study from a project where we restructured the architecture of an existing client-server system written in Java while adding new functionality. The modules of the existing version of the system were \"library-oriented\" and had a disorganized communication structure. The new architecture is based on components and utilizes the mediator design pattern. The goal of the study is to evaluate the new architecture from a maintainability perspective.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115273218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
An empirical study of the impact of count models predictions on module-order models 计数模型预测对模阶模型影响的实证研究
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011335
T. Khoshgoftaar, Erik Geleyn, Kehan Gao
{"title":"An empirical study of the impact of count models predictions on module-order models","authors":"T. Khoshgoftaar, Erik Geleyn, Kehan Gao","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011335","url":null,"abstract":"Software quality prediction models are used to achieve high software reliability. A module-order model (MOM) uses an underlying quantitative prediction model to predict this rank-order. This paper compares performances of module-order models of two different count models which are used as the underlying prediction models. They are the Poisson regression model and the zero-inflated Poisson regression model. It is demonstrated that improving a count model for prediction does not ensure a better MOM performance. A case study of a full-scale industrial software system is used to compare performances of module-order models of the two count models. It was observed that improving prediction of the Poisson count model by using zero-inflated Poisson regression did not yield module-order models with better performance. Thus, it was concluded that the degree of prediction accuracy of the underlying model did not influence the results of the subsequent module-order model. Module-order modeling is proven to be a robust and effective method even though both underlying prediction may sometimes lack acceptable prediction accuracy.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127894080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Architectural tradeoffs at the object level 对象级别的体系结构权衡
Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics Pub Date : 2002-06-04 DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011324
W. Evanco
{"title":"Architectural tradeoffs at the object level","authors":"W. Evanco","doi":"10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.2002.1011324","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we discuss tradeoffs for the software architecture of object-based systems such as Ada83. External and internal complexities are specified for Ada packages and these complexities are related to the numbers of defects uncovered during testing using non-linear ordinal response models. The non-linear relationships among the software measures are exploited to identify optimal relationships between context coupling and the number of visible declarations in Ada packages.","PeriodicalId":165815,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Eighth IEEE Symposium on Software Metrics","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132104585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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