Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference最新文献

{"title":"What's Happening and What Happened: Searching the Social Web","authors":"Omar Alonso, Vasileios Kandylas, S. Tremblay, J. Hofman, S. Sen","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3091484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091484","url":null,"abstract":"Every day millions of users share links and post comments on different social networks. At scale, this behavior can be very useful for building a new type of search engine that exploits relevant links and their associated metadata in a temporal fashion. Our goal is to find links that are relevant on social networks as a mechanism to discover what people are talking about at a given point in time and make such information searchable and persistent. In other words, a continually updated archive of relevant content that is currently being shared, beyond the obvious trending news of the day. The techniques we use surface new and interesting content by mining social network posts that contain links, constructing diffusion trees from those links, and extracting related entities and other associated metadata. By looking at the size of the trees and their structure in combination with the conversation around each link and related topics, we designed and implemented a search engine that provides relevant fresh content and features a \"wayback machine''. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by processing a dataset comprising millions of English language tweets generated over a one year period. Finally, we perform an offline evaluation of our techniques and conduct a use case study using an available data set of fake and real news links.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126022409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Governance as a Service","authors":"A. Sambra, Lalana Kagal","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3098873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3098873","url":null,"abstract":"This extended abstract discusses how public services can become more open and engage citizens more actively, by providing the local, public administration with the right tools. It calls for public services to think more creatively about how they can collaborate with the public to make better use of the energy and enthusiasm, as well as missing skills that people have and want to offer. It explores the challenges, both in terms of policy and technology, that public services face in mobilizing resources that are by nature voluntary. We intend to provide the governance tools that enable public services to leverage skills coming from the local community, and improve their autonomy, transparency and analytical tools required for true open governance.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"1068 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116295986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Cyberbullying: Self-Disclosure, Harm and Social Support on ASKfm","authors":"Zahra Ashktorab, Eben M. Haber, J. Golbeck, Jessica Vitak","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3091499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091499","url":null,"abstract":"ASKfm is a social media platform popular among teens and young adults where users can interact anonymously or semi-anonymously. In this paper, we identify the modes of disclosure and interaction that occur on the site, and evaluate why users are motivated to post and interact on the site, despite its reputation for facilitating cyberbullying. Through topic modeling - supplemented with manual annotation - of a large dataset of ASKfm posts, we identify and classify the rich variety of discourse posted on ASKfm, including both positive and negative forms, providing insights into the why individuals continue to engage with the site. These findings are complemented by a survey of young adults (aged 18-20) ASKfm users, which provides additional insights into users' motivations and interaction patterns. We discuss how the affordances specific to platforms like ASKfm, including anonymity and visibility, might enable users to respond to cyberbullying in novel ways, engage in positive forms of self-disclosure, and gain social support on sensitive topics. We conclude with design recommendations that would highlight the positive interactions on the website and help diminish the repurcussions of the negative interactions.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122800150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paving the WAI: Defining Web-Augmented Interactions.","authors":"Fabien L. Gandon, A. Giboin","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3098876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3098876","url":null,"abstract":"We define and provide real cases of \"Web-Augmented Interactions\" (WAI) with the world, a new family of interactions designed to exploit resources from the Web to improve the users' experience with the devices surrounding them.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130460656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Accelerating Migration of Services to Digital Channels on the Elderly","authors":"A. Perry, Terhi Nurmikko-Fuller","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3098867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3098867","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of the ongoing migration of government and commercial services to the Web is examined. We report on preliminary results from the qualitative analysis of the experiences of a representative focus group of Australian citizens age 65 and over, who reside in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114492865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tragedy of the Identity Assurance Commons","authors":"Vincent Marmion, D. Millard, E. Gerding, S. Stevenage","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3098882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3098882","url":null,"abstract":"Identity assurance is the processing of personal identifying information (PII) to reach a desired confidence that an individual is who they claim to be. However, identity assurance is beyond a process; it is a commons, a natural resource accessible to all whereby individual actions can affect the group. Because each time we copy an item of PII we inadvertently expose it to misuse, which reduces the identifying utility of PII, and therefore reduces the confidence of identity assurance. Akin to the prisoner's dilemma, there is a usage dilemma in sustaining PII. A dilemma heightened by the Web as PII is being digitally exchanged, processed, and stored, with ever-increasing volume, variety and veracity. To explore identity assurance as a commons, we develop an agent-based simulation of a simple resource strategy game. Building on work regarding the persistence of PII exploitation, our initial findings suggest that there is a potentially unsustainable dynamic in identity assurance. Therefore suggesting that in the long-term our current regulatory attempts are inapt.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121909600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Signals and Noise: Actionable Information in Improvised Social Media Channels During a Disaster","authors":"Xingsheng He, Di Lu, Drew B. Margolin, Mengdi Wang, S. E. Idrissi, Y. Lin","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3091501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091501","url":null,"abstract":"Web-based social and communication technologies enable citizens to self-organize relief efforts in response to crises. This work focuses on a question fundamental to the concept of collective intelligence: how effective are such self-organized channels, ungoverned by any central authority, in conforming to their intended function? In this study we examine the hashtag #PorteOuverte (\"#OpenDoor\") introduced during the 2015 Paris terrorist attacks, as an \"improvised logistical channel\" (ILC) to help individuals to find a safe shelter near the attack sites. We analyze the dynamics and effectiveness of #PorteOuverte by comparing its proportion of relevant logistical messages - individuals requesting or offering shelter - to other messages such as those offering emotional consolation or commenting on the hashtag itself. Our results reveal that the vast majority of messages are not relevant, however the crowd senses and spreads relevant messages more than others. We further demonstrate that relevant messages can be automatically detected and thus algorithmic promotion may be possible.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116812507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Semantics for Large-Scale Knowledge Graph Evaluation","authors":"S. M. Rashid, Amar Viswanathan, Ian Gross, E. Kendall, D. McGuinness","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3162385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3162385","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge graphs (KG) are being used extensively in different industries for data driven applications. These industrial knowledge graphs, due to their large scale and heterogeneity, are often constructed using automated information extraction (IE) toolkits. Owing to the diverse nature of the sources, such extractions are often noisy and contain many semantic inaccuracies. High quality, consistent KGs are critical to effective predictive analytics and decision support. For example, many commercial question answering systems rely heavily on accurate and consistent knowledge graphs generated from life sciences content. These systems typically require an extensible, scalable, and generalizable framework. To address these issues, we build on previous work in ontology and instance data evaluation and propose a method for Large-Scale Knowledge Graph Evaluation. The approach leverages domain ontologies to detect possible inconsistencies. We construct an RDF/RDFS knowledge graph from the output of a state-of-the-art biomedical IE system, ODIN, and demonstrate that it is easy to construct general inconsistency rules for quality control. In this paper we present our results after applying these rules to the KG and then discuss how our approach and implementation can generalize to many large scale industrial knowledge graphs.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115665323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Typology of Socialbots (Abbrev.)","authors":"G. Maus","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3098860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3098860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127011127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad, Interdisciplinary Science In Tela: An Exposure and Child Health Ontology","authors":"Jamie McCusker, S. M. Rashid, Zhicheng Liang, Yue Liu, K. Chastain, Paulo Pinheiro da Silva, J. Stingone, D. McGuinness","doi":"10.1145/3091478.3091497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091497","url":null,"abstract":"Data curation for interdisciplinary collaborative science requires a new online web-based approach that integrates domain knowledge from multiple resources and enables in tela (in the web) interactive collaboration between data providers, domain specialists, and data analysts. The Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource (CHEAR) is a resource for child development and environmental exposure data. The CHEAR Data Center has developed an ontology that integrates study and exposure data in a way that is consistent across the program, and integrates with many best practice relevant vocabularies and repository schemas. This includes the World Wide Web Consortium's recommended Provenance Ontology (PROV), Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO), the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (CheBI) ontology, the Uberon multi-species anatomy ontology, and the Units Ontology as the starting point for our domain modeling. We mapped terms where they overlapped and extended these ontologies with classes that were required to support modeling and integrating data from epidemiology and chemical exposure measurements that comprise the majority of the data recorded by the CHEAR data center. In response to this challenge, we used an on-demand approach to develop the ontology based on a set of representative pilot projects in CHEAR. After initial development, we evaluated the ontology for completeness in representing an additional pilot study. An epidemiologist was able to produce a mapping of the project to the ontology with only minor corrections needed by an ontology expert. In the large dataset that was tested, one third of the classes needed to represent the dataset needed to be added to the ontology, all of them in areas where we expected to see more ontology expansion. Our overall approach is to drive towards completion of coverage while being relatively easy to use for domain experts. Ultimately we aim to have domain experts handle the majority of extensions and evolution with small interactions with ontology experts. In this paper, we report on our on-demand approach for web-based collaborative interdisciplinary ontology development and maintenance and also introduce the resulting extensible and interoperable exposure and child health ontology.","PeriodicalId":165747,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Web Science Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115288529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}