Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Thermodynamic interpretation of zirconium solubility in the presence of hydroxyacetic, 3-hydroxypropionic, and 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acids","authors":"Taishi Kobayashi, W. Peng, T. Sasaki","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.20.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.20.20","url":null,"abstract":"The solubility of zirconium hydroxide in the presence of hydroxyacetic (glycolic, O20), 3-hydroxypropionic (O21), and 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic (glyceric, O201) acids was investigated as a function of pH c = −log [H + ] = 7−13 and total hydroxycarboxylic acid concentrations, [L] tot = 10 −4 −10 −1 mol/dm 3 . The Zr solubility dependences on pH c and [L] tot indicated that ternary Zr(OH) 4 (L) 22− complexes were the dominant soluble species under the experimental conditions. The formation constants of the Zr(OH) 4 (L) 22− complexes were determined by least square fitting analysis of the solubility data and compared to the values for zirconium-poly(hydroxy)carboxylate analogs to elucidate the complexation mechanism of Zr-hydroxycarboxylates.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74616491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-destructive, position-selective, and multi-elemental analysis method involving negative muons","authors":"K. Ninomiya","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.19.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.19.8","url":null,"abstract":"Many elemental analysis methods that utilize various probes have been developed till date in several research fields. Among them, non-destructive analysis methods are particularly useful, although these have proven to have accuracies inferior to destructive analysis methods in most cases. The usefulness of non-destructive methods stems from the fact that a sample can be utilized for further processes after a round of non-destructive analysis. Therefore, non-destructive methods are advantageous for the analysis of valuable samples. The development of an elemental analysis method that enables the analysis of all elements in a given sample, even bulk samples with high positional sensitivity, is a major goal for analytical scientists at present. Recently, a new elemental analysis method that satisfies these conditions by utilizing a negative muon (MIXE: muon induced x-ray emission) has been developed and applied in several studies. A negative muon is an elementary particle, and intense muon beams generated in an accelerator are used in many studies. With recent advancement in accelerator technology to produce intense muon beams, it has become possible to use muons for practical elemental analyses. A muon’s mass is about 207 times that of an electron (105.658 MeV/c). When a muon is injected into a substance, it gradually loses its kinetic energy due to its interaction with electrons and finally comes to a stop. Because a negative muon has the same charge as an electron, it binds with nuclei. An atom in which a negative muon has replaced an electron is called a muonic atom. The binding energies of a muon in the orbital states of a muonic atom are about 200 times higher than those of an electron with the corresponding principal quantum number. Although much research has been conducted on the muon capture process in an atom, the process is still not completely understood. During the initial stages of muonic atom formation, the captured muons are highly excited. However, then, because there is only one muon in a muonic atom, and all other muon atomic orbits are vacant, the muon immediately de-excites to the muonic 1s state. As a result,, electrons by muon-electron Auger processes and characteristic X-rays (muonic X-rays) are emitted. Since a muon is 200 times heavier than an electron, the muon atomic orbit is much closer to the nucleus than the electron atomic orbit and the binding energy is much larger. Therefore, the energies of muonic X-rays are 200 times higher than those of the characteristic X-rays of electrons. After a muon reaches the 1s muon atomic orbit, it either decays into an electron and two neutrinos within its lifetime, or gets absorbed into the nucleus in the case of heavy nuclei. The muon absorption reaction is very similar to EC (electron capture) decay, leading to the formation of a Z-1 nucleus. Muonic X-rays can be applied to elemental analysis by X-ray spectroscopy as well as X-ray fluorescence. As aforementioned, because muonic X-ra","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82674885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mössbauer study of iron oxide nanoparticles produced by laser ablation of metallic iron in water and effects of subsequent laser irradiation","authors":"S. Amagasa, Y. Yamada","doi":"10.14494/jnrs.19.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/jnrs.19.14","url":null,"abstract":"Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is a very useful, conventional means of producing metal particles. While the wet chemical synthesis of nanoparticles typically requires numerous chemical reagents and complicated handling processes, LAL provides a very simple method of generating nanoparticles while reducing the amount of reagents. Furthermore, so-called naked nanoparticles without coating materials can be obtained using LAL, which provides a facile approach to studying the properties of such materials. Laser-based synthesis and processing have been studied extensively, as has the LAL process itself. Both fragmentation and melting resulted from laser irradiation (LI) of particles suspended in liquid have been found to be important. Laser ablation (LA) of a metal has been shown to produce a plasma vapor that is rapidly quenched by the surrounding solvent to produce particles. In the case that the surrounding solvent is itself decomposed by the plasma vapor, the subsequent reactions can produce particles of various metal compounds. The chemical composition and structure of these nanoparticles can be controlled by tuning the LA conditions and varying the solvent. In addition, in the case that LA is performed in a stagnant solvent, the resulting particles can be said to undergo LI. LI increases the temperature of particles, and the fragmentation and melting of the particles change their chemical composition or their shapes. Using this LAL technique, it is possible to produce metastable materials, and our own group has demonstrated the generation of metastable copper oxide particles (Cu4O3) by LA in water. We have also reported the reaction of iron in organic solvents to produce iron carbide particles. The LA of iron in alcohols gave α-Fe, γ-Fe, Fe3C and amorphous iron carbides. Using this technique in conjunction with a solvent f low allowed separation and collection of the different nanoparticles immediately after production, preventing further photochemical reactions of the material. The effect of LI on iron carbide nanoparticles produced by LA has also been studied, and has been shown to increase the particle size and to change the composition to pure Fe3C. The LA of iron in various liquids has been examined. The formation of α-Fe particles via LA of iron in water has been investigated, with the surfaces of the α-Fe particles protected by surface-stabilizing reagents. The fabrication of FeO nanoparticles based on LA of a pure iron plate in poly (vinylpyrrolidone) solutions has also been reported, during which the particle size was controlled by varying the surfactant concentration. Generally, LA of metallic iron in water without an adequate supply of surfactant produces iron oxide particles. It has been proposed that the LA process generates Fe clusters that react with adjacent H2O molecules to form Fe(OH)2 nanopar ticles, which subsequently decompose to FeO nanoparticles at high temperature and pressure. In other work, iron oxide nanoparticles consi","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiochemical purification of 144Ce from its in-grown daughter 144Pr and other fission products","authors":"G. A. Kumar, R. Kumar, M. Joseph","doi":"10.14494/jnrs.19.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/jnrs.19.1","url":null,"abstract":"144 Ce- 144 Pr is one of the radionuclide generators used for demonstration of radioactive equilibrium, an important concept in radioactive decay kinetics for pedagogic activities in nuclear physics and chemistry practicals. This work describes the method of purification of 144 Ce from mixed oxide fuel dissolver solution of FBTR by ion-exchange chromatography using Dowex resin followed by solvent extraction using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP). The daughter nuclide 144 Pr was purified by extraction chromatographic technique using HDEHP coated XAD-7 resin. The purified 144 Ce was used to demonstrate radioactive equilibrium concept from the growth of its daughter nuclide 144 Pr.","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86941680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of new methods for aqueous chemistry on element 104, rutherfordium: Batchtype solid-liquid extraction and coprecipitation","authors":"Y. Kasamatsu","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.18.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.18.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78354863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anion-exchange separation of americium and the lanthanides using a single column","authors":"Y. Miyamoto, K. Yasuda","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.18.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.18.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"13-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85541375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Iodine-129 Standard Solutions for Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS","authors":"M. Honda, Y. Takaku, Y. Shikamori, H. Matsuzaki, K. Sueki","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.18.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.18.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80048172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muon Transfer Rates from Muonic Hydrogen Atoms to Gaseous Benzene and Cyclohexane","authors":"M. Inagaki, K. Ninomiya, G. Yoshida, W. Higemoto, N. Kawamura, Y. Miyake, T. Miura, A. Shinohara","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.18.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.18.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85804058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation exposure effect on deuterium retention in SiC","authors":"Y. Oya, K. Yuyama, K. Azuma, S. Sakurada, H. Fujita, Y. Uemura, H. Matsuura, M. Akiyoshi, S. Kondo, Hinoki Tatsuya, T. Chikada","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.18.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.18.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88716793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of d- and f-orbital electrons in the complexation of Eu(III) and Am(III) ions with alkyldithiophosphinic acid and alkylphosphinic acid using scalar-relativistic DFT calculations","authors":"M. Kaneko, Masayuki Watanabe, S. Miyashita, S. Nakashima","doi":"10.14494/JNRS.17.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14494/JNRS.17.9","url":null,"abstract":"High-level radioactive liquid waste (HLLW) containing many types of metal ions is generated after the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Minor-actinides (MA: Am and Cm) have long-term radiotoxicity due to their long half-lives and α-activities; thus, the partitioning and transmutation is a rational method for their disposal. In this method, MA ions are separated from HLLW, followed by transmutation of the MA ions to short-lived nuclides; this method was developed in order to reduce their environmental loads. However, the selective separation of MA ions from lanthanide (Ln) ions is difficult due to the similarity of their chemical properties, such as their oxidation states, geometric structures, and chemical stabilities in solution. To effectively separate MA ions, the molecular design of separation materials that have high selectivity for MA ions over Ln ions is desirable. Solvent extraction has been employed for the separation of MA ions from Ln ions. Selectivities for MA and Ln ions have been investigated using various extraction reagents. Previous studies indicated that Sand N-donor ligands such as alkyldithiophosphinic acid (R 2PS2H; Figure 1a) and N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis(4-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), respectively, preferably coordinate to MA ions over Ln ions, whereas O-donor ligands such as alkylphosphinic acid (R2PO2H; Figure 1b) selectively coordinate to Ln ions over MA ions. This dependency of MA/Ln selectivity on donor atoms has been explained using Pearson’s hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) rule. Sand N-donor atoms are softer bases than O-donor atoms; they bond more strongly to MA ions than Ln ions because MA ions are softer acids than Ln ions due to the extended distribution of their electron orbitals in the valence region. The difference in covalency between MA and Ln complexes may determine the separation behaviors of MA ions from Ln ions; however, it is difficult to quantitatively discuss covalency using the HSAB rule. Density functional theory (DFT) is a powerful tool to understand the chemical stabilities and electronic states of f-block compounds, which has been successfully applied to evaluation of feasibility to separate MA ions from Ln ions. Discussion of the nature of the bonding between the metal ion and ligands in Ln and MA complexes has been controversial. Roles of dand f-orbital electrons in the complexation of Eu(III) and Am(III) ions with alkyldithiophosphinic acid and alkylphosphinic acid using scalar-relativistic DFT calculations","PeriodicalId":16569,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear and radiochemical sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77163716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}