Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Correlation of Positive Signs of Functional Neurological Disorder With Headache Severity: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Eric Morel, Antonia Klein, Adrian Scutelnic, Janine Bühler, Selma Aybek, Christoph Schankin","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20250004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20250004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Positive signs are clinical signs that are not explained by a structural neurological lesion and are considered the hallmark of functional neurological disorder (FND). In the literature and in clinical experience, positive signs are observed among patients without FND. The aim of the study was to examine the significance of positive signs among headache patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors of this prospective study recruited patients in headache consultation at the University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. Inclusion criteria were headache or facial pain in the past 3 months and age ≥18 years. The exclusion criterion was a known diagnosis of FND. All patients were examined for 14 validated positive signs: give-way weakness, co-contraction, sternocleidomastoid sign, trapezius elevation test, head flexion test, drift without pronation, Hoover I and II, spinal injury test, arm drop test, lip-pulling sign, midline splitting, splitting of vibration sign at the front, and expressive behavior sign.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 101 patients were recruited (69% female; mean±SD age=40.8±16.3 years), of whom 43% showed positive signs. Splitting of vibration was the most common sign (27%); the other signs were less frequent (≤10%). Patients with positive signs were older than patients without such signs and had more monthly headache days and exacerbations as well as more intense headache at examination. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a significant association between positive signs and exacerbation days per month (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.14, per exacerbation day; p=0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Positive signs are frequent among headache patients and point toward a more severe headache condition. This finding suggests overlapping mechanisms in headache and FND.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20250004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Role of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Functional Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Carolyn W Zhu, Lon S Schneider, Laili Soleimani, Judith Neugroschl, Hillel T Grossman, Corbett Schimming, Mary Sano","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20250015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20250015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The authors explored classes of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), examined the relationship between NPS classes on rate of functional decline over time, and determined whether effects of individual symptoms on functional decline remained after controlling for NPS classes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors longitudinally analyzed 9,797 study participants with mild cognitive impairment or AD at baseline in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Function was measured with the Functional Assessment Questionnaire, and NPSs were assessed by using clinician judgment. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify clusters of individuals who shared similar NPS profiles. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the relationship between NPS classes and individual symptom profiles in functional decline over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LCA revealed four distinct NPS classes: an asymptomatic-mild group (48.2% of the sample, N=4,721), a second group predominantly having apathy and depression (36.4%, N=3,562), a third group with high rates of multiple symptoms except for hallucinations (12.8%, N=1,250), and a small group with high rates of all symptoms (complex class, 2.7%, N=264). NPS classes differed in baseline function but were not significantly associated with rate of functional decline. When NPS classes were controlled for, persistent apathy remained strongly associated with a faster rate of functional decline. Effects of apathy were observed across NPS classes and disease severity levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specific symptoms rather than classes of symptoms were associated with the trajectory of functional decline in AD. Apathy may be particularly useful for tracking longitudinal changes in function.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20250015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiamyloid Monoclonal Antibodies in Alzheimer's Disease Part 2: Challenges in Dementia Care Delivery System Logistics.","authors":"Tara C Carlisle, James R Bateman, Yanghong Yang, Christian Lachner, Melissa D Stockbridge, Laura A Flashman, Zeina Chemali, Nasir Alzbeidi, Peter S Pressman, Anne-Marie Osibajo, Bradford D Bobrin, Carlos J Martinez-Menendez, Antonio L Teixeira, Kirk R Daffner","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative illness affecting nearly 7 million people in the United States. Until 2023, no disease-targeting pharmacotherapeutics were widely available outside of research studies. With relatively recent regulatory approval and increasing availability of antiamyloid therapies (AATs) in the United States, management of AD is rapidly shifting from symptomatic and supportive care alone to treatments aimed at disease modification. Appropriate selection of patients for AATs can be challenging and varies among health care settings and systems despite published appropriate-use recommendations. The first of this two-part Treatment in Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry series from the American Neuropsychiatric Association Dementia Special Interest Group addresses the challenges with patient selection. In this second part, the authors offer dementia-focused health care vignettes to illustrate challenges with AAT delivery encountered in different settings and discuss emerging logistical issues associated with delivery of dementia-focused care based on AAT protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression Symptoms Associated With Clinical Symptoms, Disability, and Functional Connectivity After Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Joshitha Arora, Alexandra Ossowski, Abigail Patchell, Keith W Jamison, Amy Kuceyeski, Jayden Singh, Jacob Garetti, Maddie Cappillo, Lilah Hamill, Emily Blunt, Ulrike W Kaunzner, Robert Winchell, Stephanie Yee-Oleksy, Shahenda Khedr, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Nicholas D Schiff, Conor Liston, Sudhin Shah, Abhishek Jaywant","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Depression is known to be highly heterogeneous, with distinct clusters of symptoms. Whether this heterogeneity exists after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and how clusters of depression symptoms after TBI may relate to clinical symptoms, functional outcomes, and underlying neurobiology are largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors investigated depression symptom clusters after subacute TBI and evaluated their clinical, functional, and neural correlates. Community-dwelling participants with complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI (N=53) were evaluated on average 5 months postinjury. Participants were administered the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, and a neuropsychological test battery. A subset of participants completed a resting-state functional MRI scan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal component analysis on the HDRS items yielded a two-component solution that accounted for 40% of the variance. Component 1 encompassed mood and affective symptoms as well as agitation and loss of libido, and component 2 encompassed anxiety, insomnia, and most somatic symptoms of the HDRS. Component 2 was associated with greater TBI symptom burden and disability and worse executive functions but not resting-state functional connectivity. Component 1 was not related to TBI symptom burden, neuropsychological function, or disability, but there was a trend-level association between higher negative affect scores and greater functional connectivity between the dorsal attention and default mode networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that depression after TBI may not be a unitary syndrome but rather may be composed of clusters of symptoms that have different associations with TBI symptom burden, disability, and brain connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrographic Features of Catatonia With or Without Comorbid Delirium.","authors":"James Luccarelli, Joshua R Smith, Niels Turley, Jonathan P Rogers, Haoqi Sun, Samuel I Kohrman, Gregory Fricchione, M Brandon Westover","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Catatonia is an underdiagnosed disorder characterized by speech and motor abnormalities. EEG examinations may improve the accuracy of a catatonia diagnosis, but clinical and electrographic correlations have not been established. The authors describe catatonic features and EEG findings in a large multisite retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical records in two health care systems were searched for patients with an EEG recording and a catatonia assessment with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale conducted within 24 hours of each other. Included patients were retrospectively screened for delirium through a chart-based assessment. Augmented inverse propensity weighting (AIPW) was used to estimate the causal effects of delirium and catatonia on the presence of an abnormal EEG finding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 178 patients met inclusion criteria, 144 (81%) of whom had catatonia. Among the patients with catatonia, 43% also had delirium. EEG abnormalities were present among 43% of patients with catatonia, including 28% of patients with catatonia without delirium and 69% of the patients with co-occurring catatonia and delirium. Individual catatonic signs and EEG abnormalities showed only a weak correlation. In AIPW models, a delirium diagnosis was associated with significantly higher odds for an abnormal EEG finding (OR=6.75; 95% CI=2.83-16.14), whereas a diagnosis of catatonia was not (OR=1.83, 95% CI=0.79-4.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EEG abnormalities are common among individuals with catatonia, but these are difficult to disentangle from abnormalities resulting from co-occurring delirium. Further research is needed to define the role of EEG examinations in the assessments of catatonia and delirium.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNA and Neuropsychiatric Practice: A Scoping Review of the Literature and Discussion of Unmet Clinical Needs.","authors":"William Wylie, Nikolaos Mellios, James Alan Bourgeois","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently characterized species of RNA that is highly enriched in the human brain, differentially expressed in neuropsychiatric disorders, and readily detectable in the peripheral circulation. These characteristics make circRNA an attractive candidate biomarker for neuropsychiatric illness and suggest it as a potential missing link in the understanding of the specific biological underpinnings of neuropsychiatric illness. In this scoping review, the authors summarize the literature on circRNA in neuropsychiatric disorders and add clinical context. The authors searched PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for articles describing research on circRNA and mental disorders published in or after 2012. The authors included peer-reviewed studies with substantive discussions of circRNA and mental disorders that included human participants or cell lines. Only studies written in English or with English translations were considered. Seventy-eight studies met the authors' inclusion criteria. Common and serious neuropsychiatric illnesses were well represented among these studies, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and major neurocognitive disorder. Many studies identified altered circRNA levels in peripheral blood and specific brain regions that were both sensitive to and specific for neuropsychiatric disorders. Few studies discussed the role that circRNA-based diagnostic tests might play in clinical practice, and research on prognostic, therapeutic, or monitoring biomarkers was limited. Although circRNAs have the potential to change the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, the research field would benefit from more clinician involvement in this area to identify and address urgent clinical needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19 in an Open Population: A Prospective Pilot Study.","authors":"Zeltzin González Rosas, Hanna Samara Martínez-Jiménez, Manuel Arroyo-Landín, Gladis Fragoso, María Chávez-Canales, Marisela Hernández, Marcos Francisco Rosetti, Juan Carlos López-Alvarenga, Edda Sciutto, Graciela Cárdenas","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>COVID-19 has been associated with a wide range of systemic and neurological complications, known as long COVID or postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Such sequelae can be observed among all infected individuals, even among those with a mild disease course. Dysbiosis, a common condition associated with low-grade inflammation, has been proposed as a potential mechanism of PASC by altering levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the tryptophan pathway metabolites kynurenine and quinolinic acid, known to affect neurocognitive function. The authors evaluated the evolution of neurological, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric COVID-19 sequelae and their relationship with circulating LPS and kynurenine and quinolinic acid levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, longitudinal, and analytical study was conducted. Neurological, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric assessments of participants who had recovered from COVID-19 and did not require hospitalization during the acute stages of the infection were performed. Peripheral levels of LPS and tryptophan metabolites were measured 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 95 participants recruited, 67 COVID-19-convalescent individuals and 20 COVID-19-free individuals were included. Significantly higher occurrences of asthenia, olfaction and taste alterations, headache, memory dysfunction, and systemic symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and periodontal diseases were found among participants in the COVID-19-convalescent group compared with participants in the comparison group. A significant decrease in kynurenine levels, which correlated with cognitive impairment, was observed among PASC convalescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments were observed among COVID-19-convalescent individuals, along with decreased kynurenine levels, which recovered during a 12-month follow-up period.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional MRI Analysis of Cortical Regions to Distinguish Lewy Body Dementia From Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Bhavani Kashyap, Leah R Hanson, Sally K Gustafson, Samantha J Sherman, Michael E Sughrue, Michael H Rosenbloom","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cortical regions such as parietal area H (PH) and the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST) are involved in higher visual function and may play a role in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which is frequently associated with hallucinations. The authors evaluated functional connectivity between these two regions for distinguishing participants with DLB from those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and from cognitively normal (CN) individuals to identify a functional connectivity MRI signature for DLB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen DLB participants completed cognitive testing and functional MRI scans and were matched to AD or MCI and CN individuals whose data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (https://adni.loni.usc.edu). Images were analyzed with data from Human Connectome Project (HCP) comparison individuals by using a machine learning-based subject-specific HCP atlas based on diffusion tractography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bihemispheric functional connectivity of the PH to left FST regions was reduced in the DLB group compared with the AD and CN groups (mean±SD connectivity score=0.307±0.009 vs. 0.456±0.006 and 0.433±0.006, respectively). No significant differences were detected among the groups in connectivity within basal ganglia structures, and no significant correlations were observed between neuropsychological testing results and functional connectivity between the PH and FST regions. Performances on clock-drawing and number-cancelation tests were significantly and negatively correlated with connectivity between the right caudate nucleus and right substantia nigra for DLB participants but not for AD or CN participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The functional connectivity between PH and FST regions is uniquely affected by DLB and may help distinguish this condition from AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutoff Points for Commonly Used Instruments to Assess Mental Health Problems Among Adults With Tourette's Syndrome.","authors":"Rachael Nicholls, Tamara Pringsheim, Davide Martino, Chenhui Hao, Julian Fletcher, Natalia Szejko","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety are highly comorbid in Tourette's syndrome. Cutoff points of screening instruments for these conditions have been validated in the general population. The authors assessed whether established cutoff points on the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); PHQ-2; Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, version 1.1 (ASRS v1.1); and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI) need to be adjusted for adults with Tourette's syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six adults with Tourette's syndrome completed these instruments and a diagnostic psychiatric interview. Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio) for each instrument at various cutoffs. Cutoffs for the sample of adults with Tourette's syndrome were suggested by the lowest value derived from a Euclidean distance method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this sample of adults with Tourette's syndrome, the optimal cutoff points were a GAD-7 score ≥13 (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 91%; and AUC, 79%), a PHQ-9 score ≥15 (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 73%; and AUC, 70%), a PHQ-2 score ≥3 (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 67%; and AUC, 67%), an ASRS v1.1 score ≥14 (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 77%; and AUC, 80%), and an OCI score ≥63 (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 89%; and AUC, 79%). The best-performing instrument was the ASRS v1.1, followed by the GAD-7 and OCI; the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 performed least well in this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further research is needed to adapt screening instruments for the assessment of comorbid conditions among patients with Tourette's syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sergi López-Rodríguez, David R A Coelho, Christian Renet, Willians Fernando Vieira, Ümit Tural, Paolo Cassano, Joan A Camprodon","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20240127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affect brain development, leading to diverse cognitive, social, behavioral, and affective impairments. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM), have been investigated as potential treatments for NDDs. The authors of this systematic review evaluated the literature on NIBS in NDDs, including double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized controlled trials. Following PRISMA guidelines and a registered protocol, the authors conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, and Scopus, identifying 23 studies. TMS showed promise for addressing hyperactivity, inattention, and working memory deficits in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with outcomes influenced by coil type (H5 vs. H6) and stimulation site (right vs. left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). tDCS showed potential for improving inattention and executive function in ADHD, with limited effects observed on reducing symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dyslexia. tPBM offered specific therapeutic benefits in reducing irritability in ASD. Although NIBS generally showed mild, transient adverse effects, isolated seizure events, such as one during TMS in ADHD, highlight the importance of rigorous safety protocols, especially in NDDs with elevated epilepsy risk. This review identified potential benefits of certain NIBS protocols in NDDs; however, high variability in methodologies, sample size limitations, and bias concerns underscore the need for further research to clarify the therapeutic efficacy and safety of NIBS among patients with NDDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"appineuropsych20240127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}