BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES最新文献

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE VOLUME-PLANNING STRUCTURE OF BUILDINGS \u0000ON THE FORMATION OF THERMAL COMFORT OF THE ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY OF KRASNODAR","authors":"Oksana Sokolskaya, Arina Kaysheva","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-37-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-37-46","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the problem of formation of thermal comfort of the surface air layer in the southern city of the Russian Federation Krasnodar in the summer. Indicators of relative air temperature, taking into account the relative humidity in the summer for different types of buildings of the city were determined. During research tempera-ture anomalies in certain parts of the city, the cause of which are architectural and planning and volumetric features of the existing buildings of the city of Krasnodar, and also a degree of planting of the territory with different types of buildings were revealed. \u0000According to the obtained data we derived the values of the heat index, according to which in the park areas ex-clusively the lower limit of the range of the heat index value is comfortable, with the upper value in the park areas and in the conditions of the estate development with a long stay outside and / or physical activity is overworked. \u0000In the territory of the historical center of Krasnodar, as well as in the territory of multi-storey residential districts, the nature of the thermal impact, according to the heat index means that with prolonged outdoor exposure or physical activity in this area, sun stroke, vascular spasms from overheating are possible. \u0000The maximum unfavorable indicators of heat impact on people are observed in the areas of large industrial zones and in the pavilions of the exhibition center of Krasnodar. Here with prolonged exposure or physical activity there is a high probability of sunstroke, vasospasms from overheating. \u0000In the result it is established, that for reduction of thermal loads in a hot period for the city of Krasnodar at for-mation of volumetric-planning and architectural-building structure of building should be applied a number of actions for reduction of thermal loadings in a hot period on the person among the city environment, to them belong: optimum density and percent of building, scale gardening of territory, use of the developed system of water constructions, de-velopment of aeration mode among city building by means of various town-planning environments.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134226478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODELING OF HUMAN HEAT TRANSFER IN URBAN BUILDINGS WITH CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF HEAT ISLANDS","authors":"A. Abramov, O. Pchelenok, M. Rodicheva","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-72-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-72-80","url":null,"abstract":"Computer modeling of heat transfer in the air volume of residential buildings was carried out taking into ac-count the effect of heat islands. The model includes directly the air volume, limited on both sides by the surfaces of asphalt and the wall of the building, as well as a model of the human body located at a given distance from the wall.\u0000In accordance with the climatic features of the territory of the Oryol region in the summer months with low cloudiness, the initial conditions of the computational problem are formed, which determine the modes of heat ex-change of heated surfaces with the air of residential buildings. For each of these modes, numerical modeling of natu-ral convective processes in the considered air volume was carried out. For this, differential equations of energy, mo-tion and continuity are solved for the system \"complex of heated surfaces - air volume\" for each combination of initial conditions, as well as various positions of the human body model relative to the heated wall of the building. It has been established that as a result of heat exchange in the air volume, a convective cell is formed, the shape and dimen-sions of which are determined by the temperature regime of building walls and asphalt. The influence of heat transfer processes on the surface of the human body on the parameters of this cell is revealed. The shape of this cell is estimat-ed under various initial conditions.\u0000Differences in heat fluxes on the surfaces of the human body facing the building and away from it are estab-lished. The dependences of the convective heat transfer of a person on the distance between him and the heated wall of the building are obtained. The quantitative values of the parameters of convective heat transfer of the body under various heat transfer modes, in particular, the temperature and speed of air movement in the upward flow, as well as the values of natural convective heat transfer, are determined.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127235191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODS OF ECOLOGICAL DESIGN OF SCHOOLS AND KINDERGARTENS","authors":"O. Volichenko, Roman Vyalykh","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-23-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-23-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problems of environmental degradation in the Kursk region as a result of anthropo-genic activity. The attention is focused on the administrative center of this region, its climatic and ecological state. Analyzed the situation of the environment and its impact on children of school and preschool age. Life in the city forces citizens to face daily imbalances that occur with human intervention in the natural ecosystem. The creation of architectural spaces that correspond to the age and characteristics of the socialization of children, providing a har-monious natural environment, is aimed primarily at the development of mental and physical health. The comfortable object-spatial environment of educational centers seeks to develop the abilities of preschool and school-age children to the maximum. To this end, the article considers foreign experience in the environmental design of educational insti-tutions - schools and kindergartens.\u0000Kursk, located in the west of Russia, is characterized by a temperate continental climate with no priority wind directions. Its general ecological characteristics are quite high in comparison with other subjects. Based on the anal-ysis of data on air pollution, precipitation, harmful substances in building materials, proposals are made on ways to level adverse factors in the design of children's school and preschool institutions. A design solution is proposed for the educational complex (secondary school and kindergarten), from innovative structures of special rigidity and strength, made by industrial methods, which ensures quick and high-quality assembly of the object at the construction site. The compositional and planning solution of the complex takes into account the favorable orientation of class-rooms and group rooms; the adopted form of the building is due to wind protection and functional zoning, and is generally aimed at creating an optimal and safe space.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125537169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF «GREEN» ROOFS ON THE REDUCTION OF STORM DRAINS","authors":"E. Sysoeva, A. Bogachev","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-81-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-81-89","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines a way to reduce stormwater runoff in urban conditions using the device of «green» roofs in the design and construction, reconstruction and overhaul of buildings and structures. The sewer system of modern increasingly growing cities often cannot cope with the load exerted on it. Therefore, an environmentally friendly and effective reduction of storm runoff is one of the main challenges in the field of urban planning today. Despite the fact that foreign works devoted to this topic, as well as the experience of practical application of roof greening technolo-gies abroad have proved a significant reduction in runoff, the question of the expediency of this method in Russian realities remains open. It is important to take into account not only the water-holding capacity of «green» roofs as such, but also the meteorological peculiarities of the territory where construction is planned, the methods of produc-tion technology and the construction materials used. Until now, the study of this aspect in the Russian Federation has not been given sufficient importance, which, in turn, delayed the introduction of modern technologies for the installa-tion of green roofs in our country, and also slowed down the development and approval of the necessary regulatory framework. The article provides a theoretical proof of the effectiveness of «green» roofs in reducing rain and snow-melt runoff in the climatic conditions of Central Russia, based on statistical and empirical data. The results obtained may be valuable for the further development of «green» technologies in construction and for ensuring environmental safety in our country.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"24 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114118309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LOGICAL METHODS OF FORECASTING ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE HANDLING OF TECHNOSPHERE OBJECTS","authors":"E. Tshovrebov","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-61-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-61-71","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of research in the field of environmental protection, ensuring the environmental safety of the life support of settlements, incl. construction and urban economy, as well as energy and resource saving, rational, eco-nomical, careful use of natural resources is predetermined by the modern course of the Russian state and society to-wards sustainable socio-economic development. The purpose of this study was the formation of necessary and suffi-cient conditions, predictive parameters and indicators of the transition of the life support system of technosphere ter-ritories to a resource-saving technological mode of environmentally safe life. To achieve this goal, for the first time the methods of logical and mathematical analysis were applied, which, according to the author's intention, implement the function of transition from the managerial and organizational and technical formulation of the problem to its mathematical formalization. The paper uses a new conceptual author's approach to the identification of technosphere objects not as sources of environmental and sanitary hazard, but as resource and raw material components of the re-production of material goods, taking into account the implementation of the strategic tasks of preserving the non-renewable strategic reserve of natural resources of the Russian Federation, protecting the population, components of natural environment and territories from unfavorable technospheric factors and environmental threats, possible emergency situations of a man-caused nature. Based on the results of the research, the paper solves the problem of logical analysis and forecasting of the parameters of environmentally safe life on the basis of resource-saving princi-ples of re-use of construction and other products that have completed their service life, were in use. The results of the work can be used in the formation of strategies, concepts, programs for sustainable socio-economic, environmental, industrial-technological, scientific and technical development of various sectors of the economy, municipalities and regions based on the transition to a resource-saving technological mode of environmentally safe life support for terri-tories.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124369456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METAPHYSICS OF THE OBJECT-IMAGE DICHOTOMY IN ARCHITECTURE","authors":"V. Tkachev","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and mental development of the phenomena of the world presupposes the distinction between the ob-ject of knowledge and the concept of it.\u0000The discovery of the difference between a thing and the idea of a thing became an unprecedented triumph of sci-ence in ancient Greece, noted Soviet art critic A. F. Losev [1].\u0000The «stratification» of the object of study marked the beginning of a centuries-old confrontation between ideal-ism and materialism. The thesis «the idea of a thing exists by itself» has been overcome by progressive science for a long time, but recently it has risen from the ashes by the efforts of philosophers of the XX century, who declared the priority of thinking as a creative tool for replacing reality with hyperreality, the triumph of imagination over reality – and quite reasonably. \u0000The concept of metaphysics («that which is after – or outside–physics») is addressed precisely to the idea of a thing that precedes and closes the process of perception of the object of cognition with a conditional shell of a meta-physical cloud that provides functional and aesthetic persuasiveness in this case of architectural work in the role of a synharmonic superstructure, artistic comprehension superimposed on a physical medium – a conceived or realized object.\u0000Vitruvius also considered the content of architecture as a unity of thought and practice [2]. Not to the detriment of the sacred triad «benefit–strength–beauty», the article proposes to consider the dichotomy «architectural object–its semantic image», the dynamics of its historical unfolding.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121344703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONCEPT DESIGN FOR BUILDING OF PRESCHOOL","authors":"O. D’yachkova, Alina Talerkina, Aleksandra Slobozhan","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-47-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-47-60","url":null,"abstract":"The modern task of architectural and structural design is the use of «green» building technologies. However, the problems of their practical implementation at this stage of development of urban planning in Russian cities have been studied insufficiently. In order to develop «green» building technologies a set of issues of providing green spaces for kindergarten buildings, including design proposals in terms of architectural, space-planning, structural and techno-logical solutions for the arrangement of built-in and built in group playgrounds, placed on the «green» roofs, are con-sidered. Options for the organization of blocks of group playgrounds for a separately standing on a separate land plot building of a preschool educational organization of general type (educational organization which carries out as the main purpose of its activities educational activities under educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children; implementing a general developmental and (or) combined educational program for all groups) are proposed for discussion. Two variants of group occupancy - 10 and 25 children - are under consideration. Vari-ants of design-projects of «green» roofs for playgrounds for groups of children under three years old and for groups of children from three to seven years old have been developed. Monolithic reinforced concrete slab cover is designed and calculated for the pedestrian load, taking into account the play and sports equipment, as well as stationary greenery of intensive and semi-intensive types. In the field of «green» construction technologies there is a need to develop both individual typical solutions and design solutions of buildings of repeated application. It is reasonable to develop re-use buildings in the wall and frame construction schemes.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129934027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRINCIPLES OF REGULATION AND PLACEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL VEHICLES \u0000ON THE TERRITORY OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Alexander Kolesnikov, Tatiana Tsurik, Sofya Kurakina","doi":"10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-12-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/2311-1518-2023-42-2-12-22","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of approaches to the problem of permanent and temporary storage of personal transport in resi-dential buildings is given. The main reasons for the congestion of house territories with cars are shown. Using the example of the development of the city of Kursk, the actual number of parking spaces is investigated, which is com-pared with the calculated indicators made on the basis of regional regulatory documents. Examples of car storage in the existing buildings of two types are considered: the average number of storeys in the middle of the XX century and multi-storey buildings of the beginning of the XXI century. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of dia-grams illustrating the shortage of parking spaces in the territories of residential groups. The sequence of actions to ensure a sufficient number of parking spaces and reduce the load on the city's road network is given and justified: the construction of a minimum number of storage places for vehicles, taking into account its features, a ban on the com-missioning of residential and public buildings of any class without underground parking, subsidies for the purchase or rental of parking spaces for the population, the creation of a developed alternative to personal transport and com-pliance with parking requirements in designated areas. The use of architectural and planning solutions of parking lots for the existing urban development is justified. Using examples of the typical residential environment of Kursk makes it possible to apply the proposed methods for other cities.","PeriodicalId":165353,"journal":{"name":"BIOSPHERE COMPATIBILITY: HUMAN, REGION, TECHNOLOGIES","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126192752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}