Journal of neurotrauma最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Participation after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Comparison to Orthopedic Trauma Controls: Results from a Longitudinal Multicenter Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"Jolein Manders, Melloney Wijenberg, Skye King, Sven Stapert, Jeanine Verbunt, Caroline van Heugten","doi":"10.1089/neu.2024.0413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2024.0413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A subgroup of patients shows incomplete recovery after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Outcomes are commonly measured on the level of symptoms or functional recovery. An alternative way to study outcome after mTBI is to measure the level of participation. The objectives of this study were to examine (1) the level of participation in patients with mTBI at 12 months post-injury in comparison to a non-head injury orthopedic trauma control group; (2) the relationship between the outcome domains participation, functional outcome, and post-concussion symptoms. A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter cohort study was conducted. Participants were 140 adults with mTBI and 144 adults with minor (non-head) orthopedic injury. The following outcomes were measured: participation (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation and Rehabilitation-Participation: USER-P), functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended: (GOS-E), and post-concussion symptoms (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire: RPQ). Adults with mTBI have a significantly lower objective participation level (USER-P Frequency scale) than controls. No differences were found between the groups on subjective participation (USER-P Restrictions and Satisfaction scales) nor on functional outcome (GOS-E). Fifty-three people with mTBI (38%) had a score of ≥2 on ≥3 items, while 26 (19%) had an unfavorable USER-P outcome (≥2 restrictions) and only 9 (6.5%) had an unfavorable GOS-E score (<7). In both groups, the presence of persistent symptoms led to a significantly unfavorable outcome on both the USER-P and GOS-E. Participation frequency is lower in mTBI than in orthopedic controls, mainly determined by a significantly lower number of hours of (un)paid work, education, and/or household activities. People with mTBI more often report post-concussion symptoms, but functional recovery is not different between the groups. Participation seems to better represent incomplete recovery than functional outcome, but future research should confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Injury and Clinical Recovery Outcomes Following Pediatric Concussion.","authors":"Anastasiya Gudymenko, Sofia G Iuliano, Isabelle J Gagnon, Grant L Iverson, Nathan E Cook, Roger Zemek, Elizabeth F Teel","doi":"10.1089/neu.2024.0483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2024.0483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with concussion are injured through a variety of mechanisms, but the relationship between mechanism of injury (MOI) and recovery outcomes is unclear due to small sample sizes and varied methodological designs. Our objective was to examine the association of MOI and clinical recovery in youth with concussion using a large dataset collated from a single, multisite study. We hypothesized that sport-related concussion would be related to better clinical presentation and faster recovery trajectories compared to other mechanisms of concussion. This study was a secondary analysis of data collected during the Predicting and Preventing Postconcussive Problems in Pediatrics study. Children and adolescents with concussion (<i>n</i> = 3056) completed the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd Edition and Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) within 48 h following injury. Follow-up sessions at 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-weeks post injury were completed using the PCSI and Pediatric Quality of Life Scale (PedsQL) scales. Acute clinical outcomes were analyzed using analysis of variances or chi-square analyses, while recovery trajectories were evaluated using linear and logistic regression. No MOI-based differences in acute clinical presentation were observed, except for balance outcomes in 13-17 year old (<i>F</i>_[2,1001] = 5.69, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Symptoms improved over time regardless of age (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In 8-12 and 3-17 year olds, quality of life improved over time and was significantly higher in the sports group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The \"other\" mechanism group had higher odds of persistent symptoms at 4-week than the sports group in 8-12 year olds (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.20, 3.40, <i>p</i> = 0.008), while this finding was reversed in the 13-17 group (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38, 0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.045). Sport-related concussions were generally associated with better symptom and quality of life scores in older children, but these differences were modest and unlikely to be clinically significant. Regardless of MOI, most children experienced clinical improvements across the first three months following concussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing with Traumatic Brain Injury: Long-Term Cognition and Wellbeing.","authors":"Amber Ayton, Gershon Spitz, Amelia J Hicks, Jennie Ponsford","doi":"10.1089/neu.2024.0524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2024.0524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whether and how traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts ageing in the decades post-injury remains a matter of debate, partly due to a lack of controlled studies. This study examined the long-term impact of TBI on cognition and wellbeing in middle-aged and older adults and explored the relationship between age, cognition, and wellbeing, compared with a non-TBI control group. Cross-sectional data from 143 participants aged ≥40 with moderate-severe TBI (6-33 years post-injury; mean age 59.64) were compared with 71 non-TBI controls (mean age 62.10) group matched on age, gender, and premorbid IQ. Individuals with significant confounding comorbidities were excluded. A battery of neuropsychological tests and wellbeing measures (emotional distress, sleep, health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) was administered. Older age and TBI were each independently associated with poorer cognition across multiple domains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The relationship between verbal learning and memory impairment post-TBI differed between age groups: individuals with TBI in their 40s-60s performed significantly worse than same-aged controls on verbal story acquisition (<i>B</i> = 0.09, <i>p =</i> 0.040, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.004, 0.17]) and recall (<i>B</i> = 0.12, <i>p =</i> 0.009, 95% CI [0.03, 0.21]), and verbal wordlist recall (<i>B</i> = 0.11, <i>p</i> = 0.007, 95% CI [0.03, 0.19]). In comparison, no significant group differences in verbal memory emerged for ages 70-90. The TBI group reported greater emotional distress (<i>B</i> = 3.55, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 95% CI [1.73, 5.37]), poorer sleep quality (<i>B</i> = 1.07, <i>p =</i> 0.016, 95% CI [0.20, 1.94]), and poorer physical HRQoL (<i>B</i> = -4.26, <i>p =</i> 0.003, 95% CI [-7.08, -1.43]) than controls at all ages. Poorer physical HRQoL was related to poorer cognition post-TBI (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Our results challenge the notion that TBI exacerbates ageing. Moderate-severe TBI resulted in significant long-term impairments in cognition and wellbeing, with verbal learning and memory more impaired during middle-adulthood but not older adulthood compared to controls. TBI was not associated with changes to wellbeing with ageing. Intervention for verbal memory deficits in middle-aged adults with TBI is important, along with wider long-term supports for cognition, wellbeing, and activity participation in all individuals with TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive Hindlimb Cycling Enhances Tolerance of Cardiac Electrical Conduction in Rats with Spinal Cord Injuries.","authors":"Marissa Cusimano, Veronica J Tom, John D Houle, Shaoping Hou","doi":"10.1089/neu.2025.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2025.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-level spinal cord injury (SCI) often disrupts supraspinal control of sympathetic input to the heart. The resulting imbalance in the autonomic nervous system increases the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. It was previously demonstrated that passive hindlimb cycling (PHLC) effectively maintains or improves bodily function including cardiovascular performance following SCI. However, it remains unclear whether the exercise can affect cardiac electrical disorders. To address this specific question, we complemented a complete SCI at a high-thoracic level in rats and then performed PHLC for 5 or 10 weeks. Naive rats or those receiving injury alone served as controls. Subsequently, a telemetric transmitter was implanted to record blood pressure and electrocardiogram. In 24-h resting recordings, cycling training did not influence SCI-induced hypotension but significantly reduced the events of spontaneous autonomic dysreflexia. When colorectal distension was employed to artificially trigger autonomic dysreflexia, a fewer number of severe arrhythmias (e.g., atrioventricular block, premature ventricular contraction single, and sinus pause) were found in animals with 10-week PHLC compared with injury controls. As a stress test, a series of increasing concentrations of dobutamine was administered to stimulate cardiac sympathetic activity. Consequently, various types of arrhythmias occurred in animals with SCI alone, whereas very few were detected in animals obtaining exercise training for 10 weeks. Furthermore, pharmacological intervention disclosed that exercise appeared to reduce unopposed parasympathetic tone that arose post to injury. Thus, the results suggest that activity-based training for the long term improves autonomic balance to enhance tolerance of cardiac electrical conduction following SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Optimization Through Adherence to Best Practice Guidelines: A Decision Analysis of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Care Pathways in Australia.","authors":"Bharat Phani Vaikuntam, Lisa N Sharwood, Luke B Connelly, James W Middleton","doi":"10.1089/neu.2023.0674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2023.0674","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) have significant health, economic, and social effects on individuals, families, and society. In this economic analysis modeling study, we used record-linked administrative patient data from New South Wales, Australia, to construct a decision tree model to compare the economic cost of acute care for patients with TSCI under current clinical pathways with an optimal care (consensus guidelines-informed) modeled pathway. The optimal care pathway included direct transfer to a specialist SCI Unit (SCIU) or indirect transfer to SCIU within 24 h of injury, surgical intervention within 12 h of injury, and subsequent inpatient rehabilitation. Propensity score matching with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce potential confounding from baseline differences in patient characteristics. A generalized linear model regression with gamma distribution and log link, weighted with IPTW scores, was used for cost and length of stay (LoS) estimations to reduce any residual bias. Sensitivity analyses quantified the sensitivity of the findings to key model parameters. From the healthcare payer perspective, our economic analysis found acute TSCI care at an SCIU was more expensive, with delayed patient transfer pathways, surgery, and timing of surgery driving higher per-patient costs ($14,322 at specialist centers). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) using 10,000 Monte Carlo iterations showed the modeled optimal pathway as the expensive option in the majority (86%) of stimulations. However, the modeled direct transfer care pathway demonstrated economic improvements compared to current care pathways, despite a higher upfront cost ($25,428 per patient), the modeled pathway reduced the episode LoS by 5 days (23 days vs. 28 days) on average, generating system-level savings of $20,628 per patient. In PSA, increasing the proportion of patients directly transferred to SCIU by 25%, the optimized pathway was preferred in 28.3% of the simulations. Furthermore, adopting this pathway lowered the incremental per patient cost to $17,157 while preserving a 5-day LoS benefit compared to current pathways (22 days vs. 27 days), which could generate potential savings of $3,471 per patient. Our findings show that guideline-based acute care management is initially resource-intensive but efficient in terms of patient LoS, with a higher proportion of direct transfers resulting in cost savings of $3,471 per patient, which represent system-level benefits from adopting the modeled pathway, rather than episode-level savings. Following consensus guidelines for acute care can provide an economically sustainable approach to resource-intensive patient needs while improving outcomes, as demonstrated in previous studies. In summary, while more intensive, adhering to clinical guidelines of direct transfer to SCIU demonstrates value for patients and health systems. Standardization to optimize time to surgery can achieve impr","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Extracranial Injuries to GOSE Scores after Traumatic Brain Injury TBI: A TRACK-Traumatic Brain Injury Study.","authors":"Nancy Temkin, Jason Barber, Joan Machamer, Gabriela Sugar, Molly Rose Morrissey, Kim Boase, Evan Zahniser, Yelena G Bodien, Joseph T Giacino, Michael A McCrea, Lindsay D Nelson, Murray B Stein, Sabrina Taylor, Claudia Robertson, David Okonkwo, Geoff Manley, Sureyya Dikmen","doi":"10.1089/neu.2024.0421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2024.0421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) is the most widely used outcome measure for hospital-based studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The GOSE may be administered several ways, the choice depending on the purpose of the research. In this investigation, we evaluated the effect of administering the GOSE to collect functional disability attributed to all injuries sustained (GOSE-All) or excluding the impact of extracranial injuries (GOSE-TBI). We examined the differences in reported disability between the two administration methods at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after injury. Data are summarized from 2288 individuals who were enrolled in the prospective observational Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) cohort study. The distribution of scores is summarized by time after injury, brain injury severity, and extracranial injury severity. Dichotomizing the GOSE varying ways, differences in the prevalence of unfavorable outcomes for GOSE-All versus GOSE-TBI range from none to 42 percentage points. Discrepancies in disability captured by GOSE-All and GOSE-TBI decrease with greater TBI severity, no serious extracranial injuries, and longer time post-injury. It is important for researchers, given the aims of their studies, to decide in advance whether GOSE classification should be based on the effects of all injuries sustained or excluding the effects of extracranial injuries so as to emphasize the effects of the brain injury, as well as how disability due to emotional consequences of injury and other circumstances will be scored. Instructions to the respondent and outcomes examiner need to be clear about what causes of disability are to be included. The TBI Common Data Elements should include information that reflects the method that was used to collect the GOSE data and data repositories should disclose which data collection method was used for a given study.</p>","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnostic Interview: Development, Interrater Reliability, and 2-Week Post-Injury Clinical Profiles.","authors":"Mary U Simons, Alyssa Maio, Daniel L Huber, John D Corrigan, Nancy Temkin, Marin Darsie, Ryan Kitagawa, John Whyte, Joseph T Giacino, Murray B Stein, Geoffrey T Manley, Michael A McCrea, Lindsay D Nelson","doi":"10.1089/neu.2024.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2024.0402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because most traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) do not present with objective indicators (e.g., neuroimaging findings) to confirm the diagnosis, clinicians often rely on self- or observer-reporting of alteration of consciousness (AOC; e.g., loss of consciousness [LOC], amnesia, other signs of altered mental status), and symptoms to make diagnoses. Moreover, there is no universal agreement on signs and symptoms to sufficiently diagnose TBI, which leads to variability and ambiguity in how TBI is diagnosed in clinical and research settings. The lack of standardized procedures for the diagnosis of acute TBI is a major challenge that hampers the ability to evaluate and compare TBI studies and advance the science and treatment of TBI. We present a new semi-structured TBI Diagnostic Interview (TBI-DI), developed for prospective TBI research to collect injury information important to verifying eligibility for the diagnosis of TBI. Specifically, the TBI-DI collects patient (and/or witness) reports of head trauma, AOC (including LOC and amnesia), and TBI-related symptomology. We describe the protocol, interrater reliability of the TBI-DI items to the same audio-recorded interview, and observed injury characteristics for interviews conducted at 2 weeks post-injury. The sample comprised 335 interviews (320 self-reported, 10 informant-reported, and 5 both) collected on individuals with TBI who were prospectively recruited from 4 U.S. level 1 trauma centers from 2019 to 2023. Cohen's kappa was calculated to summarize interrater reliability <i>n</i> = 288 interviews. UpSet plots were created to illustrate the prevalence of distinct profiles of signs of AOC and symptom reporting. Overall, there was a near-perfect agreement between raters for all AOC descriptors (<i>κ</i> = 0.85-0.92) and symptom items (<i>κ</i> ranging from 0.92 to 0.99). We observed diverse profiles of AOC, with 45% manifesting witnessed LOC, post-traumatic amnesia, or other altered mental status. Patients (<i>n</i> = 325) self-reported 256 different combinations of the 14 acute symptoms included in the interview (most commonly experiencing headache, dizziness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating). The TBI-DI and associated SOP appear well-suited for use in a multicenter prospective study of TBI. Future research should examine the stability of reporting by respondents and the alignment between interview and objective clinical information. The TBI-DI solicits diverse acute diagnostic information that, when combined with clinical information (including confounding factors) and objective injury indicators, may inform more rigorous scientific reporting and evidence-based TBI diagnostic practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. Jerry Sliver-In Memoriam.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/neu.2025.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2025.0103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response Letter of Liu and Zhang.","authors":"Nikki S Thüss","doi":"10.1089/neu.2025.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2025.0111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete High Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Causes Bowel Dysfunction in Mice.","authors":"Olivia H Wireman, Ellie L Sams, Lynnet E Richey, Gabrielle V Hammers, Andrew N Stewart, William M Bailey, Samir P Patel, John C Gensel","doi":"10.1089/neu.2024.0277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2024.0277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bowel dysfunction, is a prevalent and life-impacting comorbidity of spinal cord injury (SCI) with no long-term treatment available. SCI-induced colon changes including motility and fibrosis are understudied as are strategies to address SCI bowel dysfunction. This need remains partly due to the lack of a mouse model that recapitulates the human condition. We hypothesized that a high thoracic spinal transection in mice would trigger bowel dysfunction with coincident colon pathology similar to humans and rats after SCI. We observed bowel dysfunction as increased fecal pellet numbers within the colon, smaller pellet size, and decreased motility. Fecal pellets numbers in the colon increased significantly in SCI animals versus sham (laminectomy only) injuries by 4 days postinjury (dpi) and persisted to 7 and 21 dpi. The number of pellets expelled (fecal output) significantly decreased in SCI versus sham animals at both 7 and 20 dpi. Pellet size was significantly decreased in SCI animals at 7 and 14 dpi, collectively indicative of decreased motility with SCI. SCI caused non-significant reductions in colonic motility (bead expulsion assay) at all three timepoints. Through <i>ex vivo</i> myograph analyses of live colon sections, we detected significant increase in the maximal contractility of the circular musculature from both the proximal and distal colon after SCI at 21 dpi. At the same time point, distal colons displayed significant collagen deposition in the musculature after SCI. Collectively, these findings demonstrate bowel dysfunction immediately after injury that continues in the distal colon over time. Establishing this mouse model enables further interrogation using transgenic models.</p>","PeriodicalId":16512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotrauma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}