Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan最新文献

{"title":"Next Generation Building Material MOISS","authors":"Y. Fukuda, M. Akao, A. Yamazaki","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134447766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clays and Human Race","authors":"T. Nishiyama","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134076557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of Residual Vegetable Oil on Waste Activated Bleaching Earth to Biodiesel Fuel","authors":"S. Kojima, E. Park","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.138","url":null,"abstract":"Activated bleaching earth (ABE) is a commonly used adsorbent in decolorization process of fat and oil refining . The ABE is manufactured by treating montmorillonite clay with mineral acids such as sulfuric acid . During acid treatment, structure of the clay becomes porous by eluting basic metallic components such as aluminum , iron and magnesium. The activated clay has a large specific surface area and a large adsorption capacity enough to adsorb colored materials in oil refining process. Waste ABE, filtered cake of used ABE in the decolorization process, contains 35-40% processing oil by weight. Discharged amount of the waste ABE in Japan is estimated approximately 80,000 tons a year. Although it is reutilized in part as subsidiary sources for Portland cement, compost etc ., additional applications are required for stable waste material recycling. Recently, special attention is given to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as potential substitutes of fossil fuels . The FAME, which is also known as biodiesel fuel (BDF), is converted from vegetable oil by transesterification and shows suitable properties as a diesel fuel. The BDF is considered a carbon neutral and eco-friendly fuel due to its regenerative potential and biodegradability. Its mutagenic effects, furthermore, are significantly lower than those of fossil fuels. Although the vegetable oils embeded in waste ABE are expected to be converted into BDF , it is difficult to apply a conventional conversion method. Because the vegetable oils react with methanol in the pore of ABE , it is hard to separate BDF from ABE. Potassium hydroxide, generally used as a transesterification catalyst , faces another problem because of neutralization by ABE. Park reported the lipase-catalyzed production of FAME from waste ABE. Lipase worked actively in the presence of waste ABE and organic solvent such as n-hexane. Oils adsorbed inside the pore of waste ABE were extracted by the solvent, which made it possible to separate the liquid phase from the solid phase . The waste ABE worked not only as a medium for dispersion of reaction mixture but also as an adsorbent for by-produced glycerol. The organic solvent was evaporated from the FAME solution and was possibly reutilized. However, because the organic solvent is harmful to health and the environment, it is better to use a safe and harmless solvent or a solvent-free process . To improve the lipase-catalyzed BDF production process from waste ABE , a diesel fuel was used as the organic solvent as a substitute of harmful n-hexane. The esterification rate in diesel fuel was higher than that in n-hexane . Furthermore, the separating process of the solvent was not required, because the final product was a mixture of FAME and diesel fuel. The results of fuel analysis demonstrated that the BDF consistingof FAME and diesel fuel was fit to those in the diesel fuel specifications based on Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Thus, the BDF production process was simplified by u","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129882560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present Situation and Future Survey of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites","authors":"H. Yui","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.134","url":null,"abstract":"Present situation and future survey of polymer/clay nanocomposites was introduced. The author concluded that relatively high heat distortion temperature of nylon6/clay nanocomposites should be highly estimated but that cost and performance of nylon6/clay nanocomposites were not so high compared with nylon6/glass fiber and polypropylene/glass fiber composites. High functional nanocomposites were proposed by utilizing highly activated interlayer of clay.","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125801685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Lake Sediments for Quick and Easy Dyeing Method in Purple","authors":"K. Tazaki","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.68","url":null,"abstract":"The deep purple color of dyed silk derives from lake sediments in Shibayama-gata lagoon, Kaga City, Ishikawa, Japan. Quick and easy dyeing method in purple was found by using blackish gray fine clayey sediments in the lagoon, associated with hot spring water. The sediments consist of low crystalline chlorite, smectite, and kaolin minerals as well as a large amount of Fe associated with K, Ca, Ti, and Mn elements. The lake sediments occurred under reducing conditions, such as Eh-150mV and Dissolved Oxygen 0.31mg/1, pH 6. 7, and EC 1. 12mS/cm. In the initial process, hot spring water (70•Ž) and tealeaves were used before preservation in the sediments. In this stage, the silk was not dyed yet, and was stained on only light in green color. The hot spring water with high salinity was collected from Katayamazu Hot Springs in Kaga, beside Shibayama-gata lagoon. The next process, the wet silk was dyed in deep purple with the lake sediments for few minutes, and was soaked in longer time the color get deepen. Anaerobic iron bacteria contribute to reducing Fe condition and dyeing in purple.","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114789544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparisons of Bentonite from Kawamukai and Umenokida in Tsukinuno Mine, Yamagata","authors":"S. Yokoyama, M. Kuroda, Masanori Tsutsui, Tsutomu Sato, Keizo Suzuki, Hiroyuki Enoto","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125765409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeolitization of Allophane Compacts by Hydrothermal Treatment with Sodium Hydroxide Solution","authors":"Taiji Matsumoto, Iinuma Tomohide, F. Iso, T. Yamamura, Mitsuboshi Toshio, Y. Goto","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"454 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115291582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Characteristics of Surface Functional Groups and Interlayer Space in Ion-Exchanaed Maaadiites (I)","authors":"H. Muraishi","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.62","url":null,"abstract":"M-type magadiites (M2Si14O29• nH2O, M: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) prepared by exchanging Na+ion of magadiite (Na2Si14O29•E nH2O) with a series of alkaline metal ions M+, and silica gel treated with NaOH were studied by titrating their suspensions with HCl solution in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The reaction of neutralization was represented by the following equation . = Si-oM++H+• ̈=Si—OH+M+ For the silica gel treated with NaOH, the resulting titration curve depicted upward curvature from the initial point to the equivalence point, because the dissociation constant of silanol groups is altered by the degree of neutralization . For M-type magadiite that is a layered polysilicic acid, on the contrary, the titration curves with definitive equivalence points were obtained, which correspond that of bases such as molecules or ion species with the definite dissociation constants . The titration curves obtained from Na-type magadiite showed only an equivalence point, and that from the others showed two equivalence points. These data indicated that the position of the structural hydroxyl groups (= Si—OH ) and the ionized groups (=Si— 0-) on the magadiites differ according to kinds of interlayer cations. Na-type magadiite was characterized with regard to remote = Si•EO-groups each other, and the other types were characterized by adjacent those groups .","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129861924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Clays and Functional Clay Materials for Removal of Toxic Substances from Environment","authors":"Y. Onodera","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.44.81","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"392 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120882787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clay Minerals in Hydrothermal Deposits","authors":"S. Higashi","doi":"10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.43.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11362/JCSSJNENDOKAGAKU1961.43.219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116954671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}