Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines最新文献

{"title":"Methodologies for Establishing the Probability of Pipeline Failure at Slope Crossings","authors":"M. Sen, S. Hassanien, Yves Cormier, S. Koduru","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78352","url":null,"abstract":"Pipelines in transmission pipeline networks often traverse land slopes along the right-of-way; especially near water crossings. While the vast majority of these slopes are stable, some might have a potential for instability related movements. Accordingly, pipelines subjected to these movements are susceptible to strain overload which may cause loss of containment in terms of buckling and/or tensile elongation failure modes. In order to analyze the risk of failure of pipelines due to slope movement it is beneficial to establish probabilistic approaches that can predict the likelihood of failure at each site given both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Estimation of such likelihood would support prioritization of integrity mitigation actions and confirm pipelines’ safety. There is a gap in pipeline literature in terms of available probabilistic approaches to analyze, assess, and manage such an integrity threat. Two probabilistic approaches are presented herein; a qualitative ranking analysis of slope hazards (QuRASH) and a semi-quantitative analysis of slope hazards (SQuASH). QuRASH is a qualitative approach that adopts site scores based on available slope characteristics, historical movements, expert opinion, and mitigation strategies. SQuASH is a reliability-based explicit limit state approach. Both approaches were applied to a large simulated sample of slope crossings that exhibit characteristics representative of North America transmission pipeline slope crossings. The resulting probabilities of failures were directly compared to those predicted based on expert judgement. The high ranked sites compared favorably with those evaluated by experts to exhibit elevated threats. This successful comparison provides a certain level of confidence in the proposed approaches.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125861642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inelastic Deformation of Pipelines Induced by Temporary Ground Deformations","authors":"N. Suzuki, Takekazu Arakawa","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new design method to obtain the inelastic deformation of pipelines induced by temporary ground deformations. The proposed design method consists of an elastic solution and a strain conversion procedure which was developed to predict the inelastic strain distribution by using the elastic solution and a stress-strain curve. Roundhouse type, yield-plateau type, and trilinear stress-strain curves are considered. Validation of the proposed method is conducted by comparing the results predicted by the proposed method with the results obtained by finite element analyses.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125082817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Material Heterogeneity on the Strain Capacity of Pipelines","authors":"S. Hertelé, Wim De Waele, K. V. Minnebruggen, Kaveh Samadian, S. Höhler, Andreas Mondry, C. Kalwa","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78397","url":null,"abstract":"The strain capacity of pipes under combined loading is an important research topic within strain-based design. While strain capacity equations assume homogeneous pipe material properties, a realistic pipeline shows scatter in mechanical properties. Test and simulation programs have indicated that this “pipe heterogeneity” may reduce the tensile strain capacity under uniaxial loading by a factor up to two. To date, its effect in other scenarios (compressive; combined internal pressure and axial plastic deformation) has received little attention. To investigate these scenarios and compare them with uniaxial tensile loading, Europipe, Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung (SZMF) and Soete Laboratory, UGent have set up a large-scale test program on UOE pipe X70 (OD = 1219 mm, WT = 17.5 mm), comprising a full-scale pressurized bend test and curved wide plate tension tests. All tested welds joined pipes with nominally equal pipe grade from the same pipeline project, with strongly different actual properties. Optical full field strain measurements by means of digital image correlation reveal local effects of pipe heterogeneity on the strain distribution in the vicinity of the girth weld. All tests showed pronounced degrees of non-uniformity in strain development, in some cases even inhibiting plastic deformation in the stronger material as its weaker counterpart collapses. Implications of the observations with respect to strain-based design are discussed.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127067183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASME Conference Presenter Attendance Policy and Archival Proceedings","authors":"","doi":"10.1115/ipc2018-ns2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-ns2","url":null,"abstract":"This online compilation of papers from the ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC2017) represents the archival version of the Conference Proceedings. According to ASME’s conference presenter attendance policy, if a paper is not presented at the Conference by an author of the paper, the paper will not be published in the official archival Proceedings, which are registered with the Library of Congress and are submitted for abstracting and indexing. The paper also will not be published in The ASME Digital Collection and may not be cited as a published paper.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2SAFE-ARREST: A Full-Scale Burst Test Research Program for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines — Part 3: Dispersion Modelling","authors":"A. Godbole, Xiong Liu, Guillaume Michal, Cheng Lu, C. Medina","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78530","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘CO2SafeArrest’ Joint Industry Project (JIP) was set up with the twin aims of: (1) investigating the fracture propagation and arrest characteristics of steel pipelines carrying anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), and (2) investigating the dispersion of CO2 following its release into the atmosphere. The project involves two full-scale burst tests of 24-inch, X65 buried line pipes filled with a mixture of CO2 and nitrogen (N2). An overview of the CO2SafeArrest JIP and details of the fracture propagation and arrest investigation appear elsewhere in two companion papers.\u0000 This paper presents the experimental investigation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the dispersion of CO2 following its explosive release into the atmosphere over the terrain at the test site in the first test.\u0000 The setting up of the experiment and the CFD model is described in detail, including the representation of terrain topography and weather (wind) conditions, and the condition at the ‘inlet to the dispersion domain’. The modelling was carried out prior to the actual event, and simulated the dispersion of the CO2 cloud for different wind speeds and directions. This analysis confirmed that the sensor layout set up to obtain spot measurements CO2 concentration over the terrain at the site was adequate.\u0000 The predicted and experimental values of CO2 concentration at the nominated locations over the duration of the dispersion were found to be in good agreement. Results of this study are expected to be used in developing a generalized model for the dispersion of CO2 and for estimating the ‘consequence distance’ for such events. It is noted that this distance is necessarily a function of time due to the highly transient nature of the event.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123350725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Strain Demand and Capacity Distributions to Use in Limit States Design for Geotechnical Loads","authors":"S. Koduru, M. Nessim","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78784","url":null,"abstract":"A limit states design approach for onshore pipelines has been developed as part of a multi-year joint industry project (JIP). As part of this project, reliability-based design rules were developed for geotechnical loads, including landslides, slope creep, seismic loads, frost heave and thaw settlement. In consideration of the modelling complexity of the soil movement mechanisms and pipe-soil interaction, and to allow for flexibility to incorporate future model developments, the design rule formulation is directly based on the distribution parameters of the strain demand and capacity of the pipeline.\u0000 This paper describes the approach used to develop the strain demand and capacity distributions that are required to apply the design rules, as well as the applicable range of distribution parameters. Slope creep was selected as a basis for demonstrating the proposed process, as this loading mechanism occurs more frequently and the data to characterize the necessary uncertainties is available. General guidance related to the development of the strain demand distribution parameters for other geotechnical loads is also provided.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116230245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Program to Evaluate Readiness Levels of Pipeline-Oriented Technologies","authors":"C. Alexander, Satish Kulkarni","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78238","url":null,"abstract":"Technology plays a critical role in the oil and gas sector, and the pipeline industry is no exception. Maintaining the integrity of high pressure oil and gas pipeline requires the use of advanced technologies. A challenge that confronts every pipeline operator is the risk posed in the deployment of unproven technologies, especially those associated with the inspection, assessment, monitoring, and rehabilitation of their systems. Use of unproven technologies and concepts puts pipeline operators at risk.\u0000 The concept of Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), commonly used in the aerospace and defense industries, provides the pipeline industry with a proven means for evaluating and assessing technologies used to enhance integrity management efforts. This paper presents details on technology readiness levels ranging from Proof of Concept to System Operation. The adoption and implementation of the TRL approach will minimize operator risk and foster the deployment of advanced technologies, thus enhancing the safe operation of high pressure pipelines. Three TRL-oriented case studies will be included evaluating the monitoring of pipelines using fiber optics, inspection using three-dimensional imaging, and reinforcement using optimized composite technologies.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115298294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brazilian Pipeline Incident Database: The PETROBRAS and TRANSPETRO Initiative","authors":"D. Alves, Ana Bahiense, M. Bastos, Cassiano Borges, G. B. A. Lima","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78584","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical data available from several international sources, such as the reports provided by the European institutions EGIG, CONCAWE and UKOPA, as well as by the American Department of Transportation – DOT, indicate that pipelines represent the safest mode of transportation for hydrocarbons and other dangerous products when compared to other alternatives, such as road, rail, waterway, etc. Operators ensure a high level of safety of their pipelines by investing large amounts of effort and resources in accident prevention, efficient contingency procedures, environmental protection and reliability along the life cycle of their assets.\u0000 However, the pipeline industry, both in Brazil and abroad, is frequently asked to demonstrate their safety performance both by environmental and regulatory agencies, as well as by society, considering the assets already in operation and also those that will still be built (new pipelines). Such requests are based on the most opened and detailed communication between pipeline operators and the other stakeholders involved.\u0000 In this context, the organized and standardized collection of data related to pipeline failure events, such as failure mechanisms and their consequences, along with relevant and specific data regarding the assets and their operations, is essential to foster the process of knowledge construction on this topic. It allows generating consistent information both to meet the stakeholders’ requests and to improve risk management of pipelines by the operators, ultimately supporting decision-making.\u0000 Therefore, this work aims to create a Brazilian Pipeline Incident Database, considering firstly gas pipelines and oil pipelines operated by TRANSPETRO, a PETROBRAS Subsidiary. This research intends to study the characteristics, the architectures, the assumptions and the principles adopted by the international pipeline failure databases currently available, considered here as benchmarks, in order to propose an analogous and specific structure for the reality of the Brazilian Pipeline System.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116749573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burst Pressure of Wrinkles Under High Longitudinal Strain","authors":"Honggang Zhou, Yong-Yi Wang, Steve Nanney","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78804","url":null,"abstract":"Wrinkles may form in pipelines experiencing high longitudinal strains in areas of ground movement and seismic activities. Current assessment procedures for wrinkles were developed and validated under the assumption that the predominant loading was internal pressure and that the level of longitudinal strain was low. The impact of wrinkles on the burst pressure of pipes under high longitudinal strain is not known. This paper describes work funded by US DOT PHMSA on the assessment of burst pressure of wrinkled pipes under high longitudinal strain.\u0000 Both numerical analyses and full-scale tests were conducted to examine the burst pressure of wrinkled pipes. The numerical analysis results were compared with the full-scale test data. The effect of wrinkles on burst pressure were discussed. The biaxial loading conditions in the pipe were found affect the burst pressure of wrinkled pipes.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125178496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Execution of Consequence Assessment for Liquid Pipeline Facilities","authors":"C. M. R. Ferdous, C. Beaudin, Anthony Payoe, Lily Li","doi":"10.1115/IPC2018-78180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2018-78180","url":null,"abstract":"Risk assessment is an effective and commonly practiced process in industry, including oil and gas sector, as a basis for designing new pipeline terminals and stations and managing integrity of existing facilities. A holistic risk assessment method, which could be qualitative or quantitative, includes both the likelihood and consequence assessments of an undesired event. Prior to 2015, Enbridge Pipelines employed a qualitative risk assessment algorithm to assess the likelihood and consequence of a failure of liquids pipeline facilities.\u0000 Over the past decade Enbridge has identified a number of shortcomings with the qualitative approach, necessitating the development and use of Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to support consistency and defensibility in risk-informed decision making. A QRA requires rigorous quantitative algorithms to measure public and environmental safety, and potential business consequences of an undesired event at a facility. While significant literature has been produced, and considerable effort has been expended to quantify the potential impacts of a flammable product release on public safety, very limited work has been done on the quantitative measurement of environment related impacts. In particular, limited research has been successful in aggregating environmental consequences, public safety and business consequences to estimate the total consequence of a liquid hydrocarbon release within a pipeline facility.\u0000 The consequence assessment of an unwanted event conducted through QRA can be combined with the associated likelihood to provide a quantitative measure of risk. This risk level may be used to support organizations in making risk informed decisions and in analyzing and treating facility risks, specifically in the:\u0000 • Identification of top risk facilities and high consequence functional areas;\u0000 • Identification of assets posing the most risk and worst case consequences;\u0000 • Understanding of system reliability risk and opportunities to optimize facility operation;\u0000 • Prioritization of facility maintenance projects in the capital and operating budget processes;\u0000 • Supporting regulatory requirements and expectations;\u0000 • Presentation of risk down to the equipment or component level; and\u0000 • Understanding of residual risk and achieved risk reduction.\u0000 This paper describes the development of a consequence model that monetizes the quantitative measure of public and environment safety, and potential business losses for a liquid product release at pipeline facilities. The proposed model characterizes the severity of impact of released product, expressed in dollars per event, as a function of system volume, proximity and category of receptors, asset location, and available controls.","PeriodicalId":164582,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134047023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}