Journal of metabolic syndrome最新文献

{"title":"Stroke in Severity of Sickle Cell Diseases","authors":"M. Helvaci, R. Davran, A. Aydoğan, S. Akkucuk, Mustafa Ugu, C. Oruç","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sickle cell diseases (SCDs) are chronic inflammatory process on capillary level. We tried to understand whether or not there are some positive correlations between stroke and severity of SCDs. \u0000Methods: All patients with SCDs were taken into the study. \u0000Results: The study included 343 patients (169 females and 174 males). There were 30 cases (8.7%) with stroke. The mean ages were similar in both groups (32.5 versus 29.1 years in the stroke group and other, respectively, p>0.05). The female ratios were similar in both groups, too (43.3% versus 49.8%, respectively, p>0.05). Prevalences of associated thalassemia minors were also similar in them (73.3% versus 65.1%, respectively, p>0.05). Smoking was higher among the stroke cases (26.6% versus 13.0%, p 0.05 for all). On the other hand, although the painful crises per year, tonsilectomy, priapism, ileus, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, chronic renal disease, rheumatic heart disease, avascular necrosis of bones, cirrhosis, and mortality were all higher in the stroke group, the differences were only significant for digital clubbing, leg ulcers, and acute chest syndrome (p<0.05 for all), probably due to the small sample size of the stroke group. \u0000Conclusion: SCDs are chronic destructive process on capillaries iniatiating at birth, and terminate with early organ failures in life. Probably stroke is one of the terminal consequences of the inflammatory process that may indicate shortened survival in such cases.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75532223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pull the Trigger, it Fires: The Critical Role of Insulin-Stimulated Caveolin-1 Tyrosine 14 Phosphorylation in Regulation of Insulin Trans-Endothelial Transport","authors":"Hong Wang","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000E114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000E114","url":null,"abstract":"In order for insulin to exert its biological actions on target cells in peripheral tissues like muscle and adipose tissues, Insulin must pass through the endothelial barrier into the interstitium.Insulin’s transendothelial transport (TET), particularly in muscle where capillaries are lined by a continuous endothelium, determines tissue insulin levels, and thereby critically determines insulin’s metabolic effects [1-6]. This process is significantly impaired in insulin resistance states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes [2,7-9]. Current evidence obtained by us and others indicate that insulin TET is transcellular process and mediated by transporting caveolae that contain or associate with multiple structural and signaling molecules including the insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1receptor, caveolin-1, dynamin-2, actin filaments and eNOS [10-18]. Among these components, caveolae and its key structural protein caveolin-1 have been shown to serve as the center to organize the molecular transcytotic machinery mediating insulin TET [13]. We have demonstrated that insulin, through its signaling pathways in the endothelium, facilitates its own movement across the endothelial cells [15]. Very recently, we reported that eNOS and its activity play a critical role in regulation of insulin uptake and TET as inhibition of eNOS activity completely eliminates endothelial insulin uptake and TET [16]. Next critical question we would ask is how insulin intracellular signaling stimulates and coordinates the assembling of the molecular machinery for insulin trans-endothelial transport? A study just published by us has provided a clue to this puzzle, i.e. insulin stimulated caveolin-1 tyrosine 14 phosphorylation severs a trigger to possibly initiate insulin TET [19].","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90971107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertriglyceridemia Masking Hyperglycemia","authors":"Ria Ramadoo, Ryan Kunjal, Surujpal Teeluck singh","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000I101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000I101","url":null,"abstract":"A 42 year old female diabetic poorly compliant to therapy presented with left facial pain and classic osmotic symptoms of hyperglycemia Clinical findings revealed dehydration and the features of a lower motor neuron lesion of the left facial nerve. Blood glucose measured by bedside glucose reflectance device ( TRUEresult ®) was 460 mg/dl compared with a value of 1280 mg/dl obtained on an identically timed specimen but measured by spectrophotometry (Figure 1). Plasma was noted to be markedly lipemic (Figure 2). and plasma triglyceride level was 9460 mg/dl. Glycemic control was achieved over several days with intensive insulin therapy. As plasma became less lipemic, the disparity between bedside and laboratory-derived values diminished steadily, eventually becoming identical. Blood glucose reflectance devices have revolutionized the management of diabetes but are unreliable when plasma is lipemic [1].","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77757509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cutoff Values of Visceral Fat in Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence fromStudies","authors":"L. Roever, F. Veloso, E. Resende","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000E113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000E113","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and death. Visceral fat (VF) is a risk factor for multiple CVD risk factors, including endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance), liver insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep apnea. Visceral obesity is associated with higher occurrence of cardiovascular events [1-6].","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74363881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White Coat Hypertension is a Pioneer Sign of Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"M. Helvaci, Alihan Ozcan","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome is an accelerated systemic atherosclerotic process terminating with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peripheric artery disease, chronic renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, and eventually early aging and death. It shows itself with some reversible components including smoking, overweight, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and white coat hypertension (WCH). The terminal consequences are probably due to the smoking and excess weight induced chronic inflammatory process on the endothelial system for a long period of time. WCH is a pioneer sign of the accelerated systemic atherosclerotic process that can be detected easily, and treated by preventing weight gain.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73028719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Metabolic Syndrome Prediction and Classification-Pathways using Decision Trees","authors":"Brian Miller, M. Fridline","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the current investigation was to create, compare, and validate sex-specific decision tree models to classify metabolic syndrome. \u0000Methods: Sex-specific Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection, Exhaustive Chi-Squared Automatic \u0000Interaction Detection, and Classification and Regression Tree algorithms were run in duplicate using metabolic syndrome classification criteria, subject characteristics, and cardiovascular predictor variable from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort data. Data from 1999-2012 were used (n=10,639; 1999-2010 cohorts for model creation and 2011-2012 cohort for model validation). Metabolic Syndrome was classified as the presence of 3 of 5 American Heart Association National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Metabolic Syndrome classification criteria. The first run was made with all predictor variables and the second run was made excluding metabolic syndrome classification predictor variables. Given that the included decision tree algorithms are non-parametric procedures, all decision tree models were compared to a logistic regression based model to provide a parametric comparison. \u0000Results: The Classification and Regression Tree algorithm outperformed all other decision tree models and logistic regression with a specificity of 0.908 and 0.952, sensitivity of 0.896 and 0.848, and misclassification error of 0.096 and 0.080 for males and females, respectively. Only one predictor variable outside of the metabolic syndrome classification reached significance in the female model (age). All metabolic syndrome classification predictor variables reached significance in the male model. Waist circumference did not reach significance in the female model. Within each model, 5 female and 3 male pathways built off of <3 American Heart Association National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Metabolic Syndrome classification criteria resulted in an increased likelihood of presenting Metabolic Syndrome. \u0000Conclusion: The proposed pathways show promise over other current metabolic syndrome classification \u0000models in identifying Metabolic Syndrome with <3 predictor variables, before current classification criteria.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84871109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Disorders in HIV-infected Children Metabolic Disorders in HIVinfectedChildren","authors":"Spagnuolo Mi, I. Liguoro, A. Guarino","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has resulted in greater survival of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the use of these drugs has been associated with lipodystrophic syndrome (LS), which is characterized by metabolic alterations (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and lactic acidosis) and abnormal corporal fat distribution. Clinically, LS may manifest as three different forms: lipohypertrophy (accumulation of fat in the central part of the body), lipoatrophy (loss of fat in the extremities, face and buttocks) and mixed (lipohypertrophy + lipoatrophy). Although its physiopathology has not been elucidated, some mechanisms have been described, including leptin and adiponectin deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction and use of antiretroviral drugs. The type, dose and duration of the antiretroviral treatment, as well as age and puberty are the main risk factors. LS are also associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular illnesses, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Follow up must be periodic, consisting of measurement of body fat distribution, evaluation of the lipid profile and insulin resistance.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86495445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Malaria on Iron Stores in the Pregnant Women of Buea and Tiko Health District, South West Region, Cameroon","authors":"N. O. Nlinwe","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria infection has a complex effect on iron metabolism that may affect the interpretation of haemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum transferrin and serum iron. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of malaria parasitaemia on the iron store forms of pregnant women in the Buea and Tiko health districts of the S.W Region of Cameroon. This investigation was carried out from the 3rd of August 2011 to the 30th of April 2012. The non-probabilistic sampling method was used to recruit a total of 377 pregnant women into the study. Questionnaires were used for the collection of secondary data. The microscopy method was used to detect the presence of malaria infection. A total of 41.4% (156/377) of the pregnant women were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Of the infected cases; 32.1% had low levels of serum ferritin ( 360 mg/dl), and 45.5% had low levels of serum iron (<9.0 μmol/l). The quantitative results using regression analysis justified that 88% variation in serum ferritin, transferrin and iron were accounted for by variation in malaria parasitaemia during the second and the third trimesters. Serum iron, ferritin and transferrin measurements should be incorporated as one of the routine laboratory tests during the regular antenatal care visits.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"133 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioimpedance Evaluation of Body Fat Composition in Congolese HIV-Infected Patients under Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Non-Containing Protease Inhibitors nor Stavudine","authors":"J. Makulo, Djuma Lukonga, A. Longo, Jean De Dieu Manyebwa, Trésor Monsere, E. Sumaili, H. Situakibanza, J. B. Kasiam, R. Mbungu, J. Kayembe, F. Lepira","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0943.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Protease inhibitors (PI) and stavudine are frequently associated with abnormalities of the body composition. The present study aimed to evaluate the body fat composition of HIV-infected Congolese patients receiving antiretroviral other than PI or stavudine. \u0000Patients and Methods: Anthropometric measures and body composition of 125 HIV-infected Congolese patients (average age 41 years, 76% women, 74% on antiretroviral therapy) attending a primary healthcare center was cross-sectionally evaluated. Patients receiving PI and/or stavudine were excluded. Subclinical abnormalities of body composition, evaluated by bioimpedance (BIA), were defined as elevated percentage of fat mass (FM) and perivisceral fat mass (PVF) and low percentage of total FM. \u0000Results: Clinically evaluated abnormalities of fat distribution were rarely seen, with any case of obesity or lipodystrophy. Overweight (16%) and central obesity (6.3%) were present only in a few women. BIA parameters of body fat composition were similar among antiretroviral naive and treated patients. An average higher percentage of FM (28% vs. 12.1%; p<0.001) and PVF (4.0% vs. 2.3%; p=0.002) were observed in women, with as well as a higher proportion of subjects with high levels of FM (12.6%) and PVF (2.2%) in the same group. Thinness was observed only in 6% of patients of whom 83.3% of men and 68.4% of women (p=0.059) had low levels of FM. \u0000Conclusion: Subclinical abnormalities of FM were present in these case series without clinically overt fat \u0000distribution abnormalities, highlighting the need for early detection of these FM abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88504788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Hepatic Mg²⁺ Content promotes Liver dysmetabolism: Implications for the Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Chesinta Voma, Zienab Etwebi, Danial Amir Soltani, Colleen Croniger, Andrea Romani","doi":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000165","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2167-0943.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic Syndrome, a pathological condition affecting approximately 35% of the USA population, is characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Metabolic syndrome is considered the single most common condition predisposing to the development of various chronic diseases including diabetes and hypertension. Hypomagnesaemia has been consistently observed in association with metabolic syndrome, but it is unclear whether reduced Mg²⁺ levels are the consequence or a possible cause for the development of the metabolic syndrome and/or its associated pathologies. Research performed in our laboratory showed that rats exposed for 2 weeks to a Mg²⁺ deficient diet presented decreased glucose accumulation into the hepatocytes together with low Mg²⁺ level in the circulation and within the liver cells. To better investigate the changes in glucose metabolism, HepG2 were used to mimic in vitro Mg²⁺ deficiency conditions. HepG2 cells cultured in low extracellular Mg²⁺ presented a 20% decrease in total cellular Mg²⁺ content, reduced glucose accumulation, and enhanced glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The increased G6P transport was associated with its enhanced hydrolysis by the glucose 6-phosphatase, but also conversion to 6-phosphogluconolactone by the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The latter process resulted in the increased generation of NADPH within the ER and the increased conversion of cortisone to cortisol by the 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11-β-OHSD1). Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that Mg²⁺ deficiency precedes and actually promotes some of the hepatic dysmetabolisms typical of the metabolic syndrome. The decrease in intrahepatic Mg²⁺ content up-regulates G6P entry into the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and its routing into the pentose shunt pathway for energetic purposes. The associated increased in NADPH production within the ER then stimulates cortisol production, setting the conditions for hepatic insulin resistance and further altering liver metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":16452,"journal":{"name":"Journal of metabolic syndrome","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33243547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}