Journal of Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Rapid Estimation of Myelin for Diagnostic Imaging and Quantification of Therapy Responses in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Evangelos Katsarogiannis,&nbsp;Russell Ouellette,&nbsp;Johan Virhammar,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Landtblom,&nbsp;Joachim Burman,&nbsp;Tobias Granberg,&nbsp;Shala G. Berntsson","doi":"10.1111/jon.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent MRI developments have allowed for in vivo myelin imaging in clinically feasible time frames. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the ability of the Rapid Estimation of Myelin for Diagnostic Imaging (REMyDI) technique in monitoring longitudinal myelin changes and brain atrophy in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) undergoing treatment with rituximab or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between May 2017 and January 2022, 62 pwMS treated with either rituximab (<i>n</i> = 25) or aHSCT (<i>n</i> = 37) underwent brain MRI scans at three time points. A 3 Tesla brain MRI was performed, including 3D T1-weighted imaging, 3D T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging, and 2D multi-dynamic multi-echo imaging for REMyDI and brain volumetrics. Longitudinal changes in imaging parameters and associations with the Expanded Disability Status Scale and Symbol Digit Modalities Test were analyzed using mixed-effects models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rituximab group exhibited increases in whole-brain myelin (+0.25 mL per year), cortical myelin (+0.11 mL per year), and myelin in normal-appearing deep gray matter (NADGM) (+0.02 mL per year). In contrast, these measures were stable or declined in the aHSCT group. Brain parenchymal fraction showed a larger reduction in the rituximab group (−0.68% per year) compared to the aHSCT group (−0.24% per year). Myelin-related imaging measures showed positive but nonsignificant associations with clinical parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>REMyDI enables longitudinal assessment of myelin-related metrics in vivo, which complements conventional brain volumetrics and is suitable for monitoring treatment responses in MS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146180446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Diffusion-Weighted and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI to Assess Radiation Therapy Response for Head and Neck Paragangliomas","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jon.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Y. Ota, E. Liao, R. Kurokawa, et al., “Diffusion-Weighted and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI to Assess Radiation Therapy Response for Head and Neck Paragangliomas,” <i>Journal of Neuroimaging</i> 31, no. 5 (2021): 1035-1043, https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12875.</p><p>The above article, published online on 18 May 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rohit Bakshi; American Society of Neuroimaging; and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon following an investigation conducted by the University of Michigan. The investigation determined that the patient exclusion criteria described in the article were not followed during the study. Furthermore, the age and sex of three patients were inaccurately described in relation to the figures presented. The authors explained that although one patient technically met the exclusion criteria, the authors included this case based on their interpretation that prior interventions did not affect the intracranial lesions analyzed. They also acknowledged that the age and sex of three patients were inaccurately described. The editors concluded that the explanation provided was insufficient to restore confidence in the results and conclusions of the study. E. Liao, R. Kurokawa, F. Syed, A. Baba, M. Kurokawa, and A. Srinivasan agreed to the retraction. The remaining authors could not be reached for final confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Intracranial Paragangliomas Versus Schwannomas: Role of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion and Diffusion MRI","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jon.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Y. Ota, E. Liao, A. A. Capizzano, et al., “Intracranial Paragangliomas Versus Schwannomas: Role of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion and Diffusion MRI,” <i>Journal of Neuroimaging</i> 32, no. 5 (2022): 875-883, https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.13002.</p><p>The above article, published online on 12 May 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rohit Bakshi; American Society of Neuroimaging; and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon following an investigation conducted by the University of Michigan. The investigation determined that the patient inclusion and exclusion criteria described in the article were not followed during the study. Duplication and reuse of data from three individual patients were also identified. The authors stated that the study variables were unaffected by the conditions outlined in the exclusion criteria. However, as the first author left the institute and was unresponsive, the co-authors and the journal could not obtain original data for further investigation or verification of the results. As a result, the editors consider the study's results and conclusions unreliable. The authors, E. Liao, A. A. Capizzano, A. Baba, R. Kurokawa, M. Kurokawa, and A. Srinivasan agree to the retraction. Acknowledgement of the retraction could not be obtained from Y. Ota.</p>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: MR Diffusion and Dynamic-Contrast Enhanced Imaging to Distinguish Meningioma, Paraganglioma, and Schwannoma in the Cerebellopontine Angle and Jugular Foramen","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jon.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Y. Ota, E. Liao, A.A. Capizzano, et al., “MR Diffusion and Dynamic-Contrast Enhanced Imaging to Distinguish Meningioma, Paraganglioma, and Schwannoma in the Cerebellopontine Angle and Jugular Foramen,” <i>Journal of Neuroimaging</i> 32, no. 3 (2022): 502-510, https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12959.</p><p>The above article, published online on 22 December 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rohit Bakshi; American Society of Neuroimaging; and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon following an investigation conducted by the University of Michigan. The investigation identified duplication and reuse of data from three individual patients within the study. The authors were invited to comment on the concerns raised and provide supporting data. However, as the first author left the institute and was unresponsive, the co-authors and the journal could not obtain original data for further investigation or verification of the results. The editors consider the results and conclusions of the study unreliable. The authors, E. Liao, A.A. Capizzano, H. Yokota, A. Baba, R. Kurokawa, M. Kurokawa, K. Yoshii, and A. Srinivasan agree to the retraction. The remaining authors could not be reached for final confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Versus Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: The Utility of MR Diffusion and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jon.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Y. Ota, E. Liao, A.A. Capizzano, A. Baba, R. Kurokawa, M. Kurokawa, and A. Srinivasan, “Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Versus Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: The Utility of MR Diffusion and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging,” <i>Journal of Neuroimaging</i> 32, no. 3 (2022): 554-560, https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12966.</p><p>The above article, published online on 17 January 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rohit Bakshi; American Society of Neuroimaging; and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon following an investigation conducted by the University of Michigan. The investigation determined that the patient exclusion criteria described in the article were not followed during the study. Duplication and reuse of data from three individual patients were also identified. The authors acknowledged that one patient who should have been excluded under these criteria was included in the study. However, as the first author left the institute and was unresponsive, the co-authors and the journal could not obtain original data for further investigation or verification of the results. As a result, the editors consider the study's results and conclusions unreliable. The authors, E. Liao, A.A. Capizzano, A. Baba, R. Kurokawa, M. Kurokawa, and A. Srinivasan agree to the retraction. Acknowledgement of the retraction could not be obtained from Y. Ota.</p>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Advanced MRI to Differentiate Schwannomas and Metastases in the Cerebellopontine Angle/Internal Auditory Canal","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jon.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Y. Ota, E. Liao, R. Zhao, et al., “Advanced MRI to Differentiate Schwannomas and Metastases in the Cerebellopontine Angle/Internal Auditory Canal,” <i>Journal of Neuroimaging</i> 32, no. 6 (2022): 1177-1184, https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.13028.</p><p>The above article, published online on 25 July 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rohit Bakshi; American Society of Neuroimaging; and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. The retraction has been agreed upon following an investigation conducted by the University of Michigan. The investigation identified duplication and reuse of data from four individual patients within the study. The authors were invited to comment on the concerns raised and provide supporting data. However, as the first author left the institute and was unresponsive, the co-authors and the journal could not obtain original data for further investigation or verification of the results. The editors consider the results and conclusions of the study unreliable. The authors, E. Liao, R. Lobo, A.A. Capizzano, J.R. Bapuraj, G. Shah, and A. Srinivasan, agreed to the retraction. The remaining authors did not respond to the retraction notice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jon.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain MRI Radiomic First-Order Features for Presurgical Prediction of Meningioma Grading","authors":"Camilo Pineda-Ibarra,&nbsp;Josep Puig,&nbsp;Diego Nuñez-Leiva,&nbsp;Yensa Rodríguez,&nbsp;Juan Mora,&nbsp;Santiago Medrano-Martorell,&nbsp;Jose Carlos Pariente,&nbsp;Marc Comas-Cufí,&nbsp;Aida Niñerola-Baizán,&nbsp;Arnau Farré-Melero,&nbsp;Daniel Alejandro Reyes-Barrios,&nbsp;Iban Aldecoa,&nbsp;Laura Oleaga,&nbsp;Sofia González-Ortiz","doi":"10.1111/jon.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grading meningioma guides treatment choices from follow-up to surgical resection with adjuvant radiation. Radiomics may offer a non-invasive alternative to biopsies. We assessed radiomic features (RFs) for distinguishing Grade 1 and Grade 2 meningiomas on preoperative multiparametric MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Presurgical T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), T2 gradient echo-weighted (T2GRE), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1CE). MRI sequences of histopathologically diagnosed meningiomas were collected retrospectively. Each volume had 75 RFs extracted from semimanually segmented tumors using MintLesion Research (Version 3.10). The Lasso method selected variables from imputed data, and 10-fold cross-validation determined the optimal regularization parameter. For Lasso-retained variables, multivariate effects were estimated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 150 patients (67.3% women), 110 (73.3%) had Grade 1 meningiomas, and 40 (26.7%) Grade 2. The strongest metrics to distinguish meningiomas Grade 1 versus Grade 2 were intensity histogram coefficient of variation on T1CE (odds ratio [OR] 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.88; <i>p</i> = 0.028), maximum histogram gradient on T1 (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.18–4.82; <i>p</i> = 0.043), and intensity histogram quartile coefficient of dispersion on FLAIR (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.89; <i>p</i> = 0.021). The combined RFs achieved an area under the curve of 0.814 (95% CI, 0.732–0.896) for grading differentiation. Texture features and metrics extracted from T2, T2GRE, and ADC sequences did not discriminate meningioma grading.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Histogram-based first-order RFs from T1, FLAIR, and T1CE may predict meningioma grades preoperatively. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings, providing insights for clinical decision-making and personalized treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12869274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative MRI Evaluation of Hemispheric Asymmetry in Circle of Willis Artery Diameters","authors":"Stijn J. Stoutjesdijk,&nbsp;Phebe J. Groenheide,&nbsp;Iris N. Vos,&nbsp;Robin Bülow,&nbsp;Birgitta K. Velthuis,&nbsp;Ynte M. Ruigrok","doi":"10.1111/jon.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have identified hemispheric asymmetries in cerebral blood flow and volume, favoring the left hemisphere. Accordingly, we hypothesized that arteries on the left side of the circle of Willis (CoW) are larger than on the right. We compared artery diameters between the hemispheres.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cranial time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography scans of 1052 participants from a population-based cohort were assessed. Diameters of major CoW arteries (&gt; 1.2 mm) were measured using a semiautomatic tool (mean ± standard deviation) and compared between the left and right hemisphere using a paired-samples <i>t</i>-test. As the posterior communicating arteries (Pcom) are often small and non-normally distributed, they were measured manually, categorized as “present” (≥ 1 mm) or “aplastic/hypoplastic” (&lt; 1 mm), and compared using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery was smaller on the left than on the right (1.97 ± 0.21 mm vs. 2.01 ± 0.22 mm; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while the vertebral artery (2.36 ± 0.44 mm vs. 2.25 ± 0.41 mm; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (2.01 ± 0.28 mm vs. 1.98 ± 0.29 mm; <i>p</i> = 0.001) were larger on the left. The Pcom was less frequently present on the left (26.7%) than on the right (33.4%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60−0.88). No left–right differences were found for the A1 segment, M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery, and internal carotid artery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that some vessels were larger in the left hemisphere, whereas others were smaller. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms driving these specific asymmetries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12869275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable Machine-Learning Model to Classify Culprit Calcified Carotid Plaque in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source","authors":"Yu Sakai,&nbsp;Jiehyun Kim,&nbsp;Huy Q. Phi,&nbsp;Andrew C. Hu,&nbsp;Pargol Balali,&nbsp;Konstanze V. Guggenberger,&nbsp;John H. Woo,&nbsp;Daniel Bos,&nbsp;Scott E. Kasner,&nbsp;Brett L. Cucchiara,&nbsp;Luca Saba,&nbsp;Zhi Huang,&nbsp;Daniel Haehn,&nbsp;Jae W. Song","doi":"10.1111/jon.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) may be associated with carotid artery plaques with &lt;50% stenosis. Plaque vulnerability is multifactorial, possibly related to intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), lipid-rich necrotic core, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), and calcifications. Machine learning (ML)-based plaque classification is increasingly popular but often limited in clinical interpretability by black-box nature. We applied an explainable ML approach, using noncalcified plaque components and calcification features with the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework to classify plaques as culprit or nonculprit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with unilateral anterior circulation ESUS with calcified carotid plaques in neck computed tomography (CT) angiography were analyzed. Calcification-level features were derived from manual segmentations. Plaque-level features were assessed by a neuroradiologist and by semi-automated software. Plaques were classified as culprit if ipsilateral to stroke side. Eight classifiers were benchmarked, and a gradient-boosted decision tree (CatBoost) was further tuned. SHAP explained model decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy patients yielded 116 calcified plaques (270 calcifications). Model based on five plaque- and calcification-level features achieved ROC-AUC (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve) 0.79 and precision-recall-AUC 0.86, outperforming classification based on plaque thickness ≥3 mm (ROC-AUC 0.59, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and IPH presence (ROC-AUC 0.51, <i>p</i> = 0.003). SHAP identified plaque thickness and PVAT volume as the most influential features with potential thresholds of &gt;2.6 mm and ≥112 mm³, respectively.f</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ML model trained with noncalcified plaque and calcification features can classify culprit calcified carotid plaque better than conventional criteria. Using clinically interpretable features with SHAP, the model explained its decisions and suggested hypothesis-generating thresholds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T1w/T2w Ratio Identifies the Basolateral Amygdala as a Preferential Target in Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis","authors":"Rakshit Dadarwal,&nbsp;Andre Dik,&nbsp;Laura Bierhansl,&nbsp;Noëmi Gmahl,&nbsp;Nils C. Landmeyer,&nbsp;Tobias J. Brix,&nbsp;Veronika K. Jaeger,&nbsp;Jochen Bauer,&nbsp;Wilhelm Küker,&nbsp;Heinz Wiendl,&nbsp;Christian E. Elger,&nbsp;Stjepana Kovac,&nbsp;Antje Bischof","doi":"10.1111/jon.70120","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jon.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The amygdala plays a key role in the pathophysiology of autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE), contributing to epileptic seizures and neuropsychiatric symptoms. While no study has examined microstructural changes in individual amygdala nuclei in ALE, we used the T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio to explore amygdalar pathology and its associations with clinical manifestations, including epilepsy and neuropsychiatric symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-center study examined 57 patients diagnosed with ALE and 16 healthy controls (HC). Patients underwent a comprehensive assessment that included clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological assessments. Patients were stratified by epileptic focus based on long-term EEG. T1w/T2w ratio and volumetric measures of the amygdala and its nuclei were analyzed and correlated with epileptic focus and neuropsychiatric outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EEG revealed 26 left temporal, 26 bitemporal, and five right temporal epileptic foci. The T1w/T2w ratio in the left amygdala was markedly reduced in patients with left temporal (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and bitemporal (<i>p</i> = 0.018) epileptic foci compared to HC. This reduction was most pronounced in the left basolateral complex (<i>p</i> = 0.011). Whereas amygdalar volumes were similar between patients and HC, exploratory analyses showed an increased volume of the left lateral nucleus in left temporal ALE (<i>p</i> = 0.036). Furthermore, we found no correlations between MRI measures and neuropsychiatric scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that the basolateral complex of the amygdala is preferentially affected in ALE, suggesting a region-specific vulnerability to autoimmune-mediated inflammation. T1w/T2w ratio alterations reflect the epileptogenic focus and may serve as a clinically accessible, noninvasive biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring in ALE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16399,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroimaging","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}