Journal of Modern Physics最新文献_第2页

Quantum Unruh Effect on Singularities of Black Holes 黑洞奇点上的量子Unruh效应

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1411088

Tianxi Zhang

{"title":"Quantum Unruh Effect on Singularities of Black Holes","authors":"Tianxi Zhang","doi":"10.4236/jmp.2023.1411088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2023.1411088","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally believed that matter inside or once entering a black hole will gravitationally fall into the center and form a size-less singularity, where the density goes to infinity and the spacetime breaks down with infinite curvature or gravitation. In accordance to the Unruh effect, one of the most surprizing predictions of quantum field theory, however, it is found from this study that such singularity cannot be actually formed because it violates the law of energy conservation. The total Unruh radiation energy of the size-less singularity is shown to be infinite, much greater than that the collapsing matter can generate. All the energies of the collapsing matter including the gravitational potential energy, deducted, are far below the Unruh radiation energy, increased, for the collapsing matter to form the singularity. The collapsing matter actually formed is shown to be not a size-less singular point but a small sphere with a finite radius, which is found to be dependent of the mass of the singularity sphere, approximately proportional to the square root of the mass. The radius of the singularity sphere cannot be zero, unless the mass also approaches to zero. The result obtained from this study not only provides us a quantum solution to the problem of black hole singularity, but also leads to profound implications to the spacetime and cosmology. The Unruh effect excludes a black hole to form a size-less singularity, which has a finite mass but infinite density, curvature, and Unruh radiation energy. A point-like or size-less singularity can only be massless and naked.","PeriodicalId":16352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry from Preon Condensation Prior to the Hadron Epoch 从强子时代之前的Preon凝聚的物质-反物质不对称性

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1411083

Richard B. Holmes

{"title":"Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry from Preon Condensation Prior to the Hadron Epoch","authors":"Richard B. Holmes","doi":"10.4236/jmp.2023.1411083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2023.1411083","url":null,"abstract":"A universe consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons with electrical neutrality is consistent with an equal number of c and preons, assuming the rishon preon theory of Shupe and Harari. Similarly, a universe consisting of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons with electrical neutrality is consistent with an equal number of c and preons. Hence, any combination of such matter-antimatter compositions is also consistent with an equal number of c and preons and overall electrical neutrality. It is proposed that the difference observed in baryon-antibaryon number density relative to photon number density, ~5 × 10-10, is due to allocation of preons between matter and antimatter during preon condensation into normal matter. Three approaches of increasing rigor and complexity are considered: 1) an allocation at times corresponding to the Planck temperature due to fluctuations, 2) an allocation at times corresponding to quark formation due to preon bonding, and 3) an allocation at times corresponding to the electroweak scale. All approaches can give the correct order of magnitude of the asymmetry assuming out-of-equili-brium freeze-out and a slight and allowed charge (C) asymmetry in preon condensation in a self-consistent quantum field theory. Sakharov’s baryon non-conservation condition is evidently circumvented with these approaches, because they assume another level of matter (preons) which is present before quark formation. Thus, preons can provide an elementary explanation of primordial matter-antimatter asymmetry. A relationship between Higgs boson states and preons is proposed.","PeriodicalId":16352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135101995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Origin, Creation, and Splitting of the Electron 电子的起源、创造和分裂

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1412090

Arlen Young

引用次数: 0

From the Hubble Constant to the Black Hole Model. Universe Expansion with Matter Creation and a New Perspective on Dark Energy Observations 从哈勃常数到黑洞模型。物质创造的宇宙膨胀和暗能量观测的新视角

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1411084

Paolo Christillin

引用次数: 0

Soliton Wave for the Magnetic Electron 磁性电子的孤子波

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1411082

Claude Daviau, Jacques Bertrand

引用次数: 0

Evidence for False Vacuum States inside the Cores of Massive Pulsars and the Ramification on the Measurements of Their True Masses 大质量脉冲星核心内假真空态的证据及其真实质量测量的影响

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1411081

Ahmad A. Hujeirat, Mauritz M. Wicker

引用次数: 1

A Space-Flight Ship Travelling by a Plasma Rocket Engine from the Earth Ground to the Moon 一艘由等离子火箭发动机从地球地面飞往月球的宇宙飞船

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1412091

Mitsuaki Nagata

引用次数: 0

Elements of Time 时间的要素

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1411089

Viktor Ariel

引用次数: 1

Non-Stationary and Resonant Passage of a System: A High-Frequency Cutoff Noise 系统的非平稳和共振通道:高频截止噪声

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1410076

Xiaoyang Shi

引用次数: 0

Quantum Entanglement Could Be the Result of Leptons, Quarks and Photons Simultaneously Experiencing 4-D Space as (3 + 1)-D Spacetime 量子纠缠可能是轻子、夸克和光子同时经历4维空间为(3 + 1)维时空的结果

Journal of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2023.1411079

Franklin Potter

{"title":"Quantum Entanglement Could Be the Result of Leptons, Quarks and Photons Simultaneously Experiencing 4-D Space as (3 + 1)-D Spacetime","authors":"Franklin Potter","doi":"10.4236/jmp.2023.1411079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2023.1411079","url":null,"abstract":"We propose that quantum entanglement occurs because the fundamental particles, such as electrons, quarks, and photons, simultaneously experience both the 4th real spatial dimension in R4 as well as the time dimension in (3 + 1)-D spacetime. Consequently, the entangled particles can never become separated in the 4th spatial dimension no matter how far they have moved apart in the other 3 spatial dimensions. Because the quark and lepton families represent specific different discrete symmetry binary subgroups of SU(2), we can establish that the quantum states of the fundamental particles are defined in 4 spatial dimensions, so there is then no need for a spacetime communication from one detector (or particle) to inform the other detector (or particle) of the physical state of the first detected entangled particle. A clever experiment needs to determine whether the fundamental particles actually experience a 4th spatial dimension, and if so, whether they experience the 4th spatial dimension as the time dimension simultaneously. Apparently, if a Casimir-like test reveals that virtual particles have a non-zero mass, there are claims that a 4th spatial dimension does not exist.","PeriodicalId":16352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136305480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0