Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.","authors":"Yang Liu,&nbsp;Min Chu,&nbsp;Daosheng Wang,&nbsp;Yunhe Luo,&nbsp;Zhuohang Liu,&nbsp;Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The intestinal flora has become a promising new target in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a common pathological condition of the intestinal flora. Recently, the lactose hydrogen-methane breath test has emerged as a non-invasive and economical method for the detection of SIBO in AIS patients. Exploring the prevalence of SIBO and its associated risk factors will provide a clinical basis for the association between intestinal flora and AIS.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> Given that the prevalence of SIBO and its risk factors in patients with AIS remain to be studied, there is a need to investigate them.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SIBO in patients with AIS<b>Methodology.</b> Eighty patients tested for SIBO using the lactulose hydrogen-methane breath test were evaluated. Patients were divided into SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative groups according to the presence or absence of SIBO, respectively. The baseline characteristics and clinical biochemical indicators of the patients were compared between the two groups. The independent risk factors and predictive value of SIBO in AIS patients were determined using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.<b>Results.</b> Of the 80 consecutive patients with AIS, 23 (28.8 %) tested positive for SIBO. Triglyceride (TG) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were identified as independent risk factors for SIBO in patients with AIS using multivariate logistic regression analysis (<i>P</i><0.005). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of TG was 0.690 (95 % CI 0.577-0.789, <i>P</i>=0.002). The sensitivity, specificity and optimal cut-off values were 95.7 %, 35.1 % and 1.14 mmol l^-1, respectively. The AUC of Hcy was 0.676 (95 % CI 0.562-0.776, <i>P</i>=0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and optimal cut-off values were 73.9 %, 59.7 % and 14.1 µmol^-1, respectively. When TG and Hcy levels were combined, the AUC increased to 0.764 (95 % CI 0.656-0.852, <i>P</i><0.001). The specificity and sensitivity were 61.4 and 82.6 %, respectively. This showed that the combined detection of TG and Hcy levels had a higher predictive value<b>Conclusion.</b> The prevalence of SIBO in patients with AIS was 28.8 %. TG and Hcy levels are independent risk factors for SIBO in patients with AIS. Both markers had good predictive value for the occurrence of SIBO. In the future, we should actively utilize these indicators to prevent intestinal flora imbalance and the occurrence of SIBO.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10751218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sertraline has <i>in vitro</i> activity against both mature and forming biofilms of different <i>Candida</i> species.","authors":"Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues,&nbsp;Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral,&nbsp;Amanda Dias Barbosa,&nbsp;Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá,&nbsp;Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira,&nbsp;João Batista de Andrade Neto,&nbsp;Cecília Rocha da Silva,&nbsp;Manoel Odorico de Moraes,&nbsp;Jacilene Silva,&nbsp;Emmanuel Silva Marinho,&nbsp;Helcio Silva Dos Santos,&nbsp;Érica Rayanne Mota da Costa,&nbsp;Maria Janielly Castelo Branco Silveira,&nbsp;Larissa Holanda E Silva,&nbsp;Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida</i> spp. infections are a serious health problem, especially in patients with risk factors. The acquisition of resistance, often associated with biofilm production, makes treatment more difficult due to the reduced effectiveness of available antifungals. Drug repurposing is a good alternative for the treatment of infections by <i>Candida</i> spp. biofilms. The present study evaluated the <i>in vitro</i> antibiofilm activity of sertraline in reducing the cell viability of forming and matured biofilms, in addition to elucidating whether effective concentrations are safe. Sertraline reduced biofilm cell viability by more than 80 % for all <i>Candida</i> species tested, acting at low and safe concentrations, both on mature biofilm and in preventing its formation, even the one with highest virulence. Its preventive mechanism seemed to be related to binding with ALS3. These data indicate that sertraline is a promising drug with anticandidal biofilm potential in safe doses. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the antibiofilm mechanism and possible application of pharmaceutical forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9245493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> activity of imipenem/relebactam against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and meropenem-resistant non-<i>Morganellaceae Enterobacterales</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> collected from patients with bloodstream, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in Western Europe: SMART 2018-2020.","authors":"James A Karlowsky,&nbsp;Sibylle H Lob,&nbsp;Fakhar Siddiqui,&nbsp;Brune Akrich,&nbsp;C Andrew DeRyke,&nbsp;Katherine Young,&nbsp;Mary R Motyl,&nbsp;Stephen P Hawser,&nbsp;Daniel F Sahm","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001645","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction.&lt;/b&gt; Piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems are important agents for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections in hospitalized patients. Resistance to both agents is a significant concern in clinical isolates of &lt;i&gt;Enterobacterales&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;; new agents with improved activity are needed.&lt;b&gt;Gap Statement.&lt;/b&gt; Publication of current, region-specific data describing the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; activity of newer agents such as imipenem/relebactam (IMR) against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and carbapenem-resistant &lt;i&gt;Enterobacterales&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; are needed to support their clinical use.&lt;b&gt;Aim.&lt;/b&gt; To describe the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; activity of IMR against non-&lt;i&gt;Morganellaceae Enterobacterales&lt;/i&gt; (NME) and &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; isolated from bloodstream, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infection samples by hospital laboratories in Western Europe with a focus on the activity of IMR against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and meropenem-resistant isolates.&lt;b&gt;Methodology.&lt;/b&gt; From 2018 to 2020, 29 hospital laboratories in six countries in Western Europe participated in the SMART global surveillance programme and contributed 9487 NME and 1004 &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; isolates. MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution testing and interpreted by EUCAST (2021) breakpoints. β-Lactamase genes were identified in selected isolate subsets (2018-2020) and &lt;i&gt;oprD&lt;/i&gt; sequenced in molecularly characterized &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; (2020).&lt;b&gt;Results.&lt;/b&gt; IMR (99.4 % susceptible), amikacin (98.0 %), meropenem (97.7 %) and imipenem (97.6 %) were the most active agents against NME; 83.1 % of NME were piperacillin/tazobactam-susceptible. Relebactam increased imipenem susceptibility of NME from Italy by 8.3 %, from Portugal by 2.9 %, and from France, Germany, Spain and the UK by &lt;1 %. In total, 96.4 % of piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=1601) and 73.7 % of meropenem-resistant (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=152) NME were IMR-susceptible. Also, 0.4 % of NME were MBL-positive, 0.9 % OXA-48-like-positive (MBL-negative) and 1.5 % KPC-positive (MBL-negative). Amikacin (95.4 % susceptible) and IMR (94.1 %) were the most active agents against &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;; 81.7 % of isolates were imipenem-susceptible and 79.6 % were piperacillin/tazobactam-susceptible. Relebactam increased susceptibility to imipenem by 12.5 % overall (range by country, 4.3-17.5 %); and by 30.7 % in piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and 24.3 % in meropenem-resistant &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;. In total, 1.6 % of &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; isolates were MBL-positive. Seven of eight molecularly characterized IMR-resistant &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; isolates from 2020 were &lt;i&gt;oprD&lt;/i&gt;-deficient.&lt;b&gt;Conclusion.&lt;/b&gt; IMR may be a potential treatment option for bloodstream, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections caused by NME and &lt;i&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; in Western Europe, including infections caused by piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and meropenem-resistant","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10692597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral fluid-based lateral flow point-of-care assays for pertussis serology.","authors":"Aapo Knuutila,&nbsp;John Duncan,&nbsp;Fu Li,&nbsp;Seyi Eletu,&nbsp;David Litt,&nbsp;Norman Fry,&nbsp;Qiushui He","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Current serological diagnosis of pertussis is usually performed by ELISA, which is typically performed in larger diagnostic or reference laboratories, requires trained staff, and due to sample batching may have longer turnaround times.<b>Hypothesis and Aim.</b> A rapid point-of-care (POC) assay for pertussis serology would aid in both the diagnosis and surveillance of the disease.<b>Methodology.</b> A quantitative lateral flow (LF)-based immunoassay with fluorescent Eu-nanoparticle reporters was developed for the detection of anti-pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) antibodies from oral fluid samples (<i>N</i>=100), from suspected pertussis cases with respiratory symptoms.<b>Results.</b> LF assay results were compared to those obtained with anti-PT IgG oral fluid ELISA. For an ELISA cut-off value of 50 arbitrary units, the overall agreement between the assays was 91/100 (91 %), the sensitivity was 63/70 (90 %) and the specificity was 28/30 (93 %). No ACT-specific antibodies were detected from oral fluid samples; however, the signal readout positively correlated to those patients with high anti-PT IgG antibodies.<b>Conclusion.</b> The developed LF assay was a specific, sensitive and rapid test for serological diagnosis of pertussis with anti-PT antibodies and is a suitable POC test using oral fluid samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10703451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrite-negative results in urinary tract infection by Enterobacterales: does the nitrite dipstick test have low sensitivity?","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Lopes Araújo-Filho,&nbsp;Vívian Santos Galvão,&nbsp;Renan Fernandes do Espírito Santo,&nbsp;Adriano de Souza Santos Monteiro,&nbsp;Cassia Vargas Lordelo,&nbsp;Julio Cezar de Abreu Santos,&nbsp;Valter Alves da Silva Junior,&nbsp;Soraia Machado Cordeiro,&nbsp;Ricardo David Couto","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections among humans. Urine culture is the gold standard diagnostic method for UTI; however, the dipstick test for nitrite is a widely used method signalling the presence of urinary nitrate-reducing bacteria. Unlike the gold standard, the dipstick test is easy to perform, while it is also less time-consuming and less expensive, and produces a result in a few minutes. This study investigates the sensitivity of the dipstick test for nitrite compared with the Griess test in urine samples from UTI caused by <i>Enterobacterales</i> species. We used the Griess test, which is the gold standard in nitrite measurement, to determine the sensitivity of the nitrite dipstick test. Semiquantitative urine culture was performed using standard procedures, and <i>Enterobacterales</i> identification was performed by manual conventional biochemical tests. In the first sample selection, 3 % (8/267) of urine samples suspected of UTI, analysed from March to April 2016, were nitrite-negative by dipstick test but positive for <i>Enterobacterales</i> in the urine culture. In the second sample selection, 5 % (2/44) of urine samples from October to December 2022 were also nitrite-negative but showed urine <i>Enterobacterales</i> isolation. All nitrite-negative dipstick results were consistent with the Griess test. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most prevalent bacterium, followed by <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae,</i> independent of sample selection. The dipstick test is a safe alternative for investigating nitrite in urine samples. We believe that the cause of nitrite-negative results is a lack of dietary nitrate, dilution of urine and exogenous interference (e.g. ascorbic acid). These findings support the idea that standard urine culture is necessary to rule out UTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9245495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Scattering Technology and MALDI-TOF MS in the microbiological fast-track of bloodstream infections: potential impact on antimicrobial treatment choices in a real-life setting.","authors":"Antonio Curtoni,&nbsp;Davide Ghibaudo,&nbsp;Caterina Veglio,&nbsp;Luigi Imperatore,&nbsp;Gabriele Bianco,&nbsp;Anna Castiglione,&nbsp;Giovannino Ciccone,&nbsp;Luca Scaglione,&nbsp;Silvia Scabini,&nbsp;Silvia Corcione,&nbsp;Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa,&nbsp;Cristina Costa,&nbsp;Rossana Cavallo","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>. Rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bloodstream infections (BSI) pathogens are fundamental to switch from empirical to targeted antibiotic therapy improving patients outcome and reducing antimicrobial resistance spreading.<b>Hypothesis</b>. The adoption of a rapid microbiological protocol (RP) based on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Light Scattering Technology (LST) for rapid diagnosis of BSI could positively impact on patients' antimicrobial management.<b>Aim</b>. The study aim was to evaluate a RP for BSI microbiological diagnosis in terms of accuracy, turnaround time (TAT) and potential therapeutic impact.<b>Methodology</b>. A prospective observational study was conducted: monomicrobial bacterial blood cultures of septic patients were analysed in parallel by RP and standard protocol (SP). In RP the combination of MALDI-TOF MS and LST was used for rapid ID and AST assessments, respectively. To determine the potential impact of RP on antimicrobial therapy management, clinicians were interviewed on therapeutic decisions based on RP and SP results. RP accuracy, TAT and impact were evaluated in comparison to SP results.<b>Results</b>. A total of 97 patients were enrolled. ID and AST concordance between RP and SP were 96.9 and 94.7 %, respectively. RP technical and real-life TAT were lower than SP (6.4 h vs. 18.4 h; 9.5 vs. 27.1 h). The agreement between RP- and SP-based therapeutic decisions was 90.7 (90 % CI 84.4-95.1). RP results could produce 24/97 correct antibiotic changes with 18/97 possible de-escalations and 25/97 prompt applications of infection control precautions.<b>Conclusion</b>. With the application of RP in BSI management, about one-fourth of patients may safely benefit from early targeted antibiotic therapy and infection control policies with one working day in advance in comparison to conventional methods. This protocol is feasible for clinical use in microbiology laboratories and potentially helpful for Antimicrobial Stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10660569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization of colistin resistance in <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. under the pressure of colistin.","authors":"Xin Chen,&nbsp;Zhewei Sun,&nbsp;Xiaogang Xu,&nbsp;Jianping Jiang,&nbsp;Jiachun Su","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) has become a serious threat to global public health. Colistin is regarded as the last-resort antibiotic for CRKP infections, but colistin resistance among CRKP is increasingly being reported, making clinical treatment for CRKP infections more difficult.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> The molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. under the pressure of colistin have not been fully investigated.<b>Aim.</b> We aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genetic variation in two colistin-susceptible <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. strains under selective pressure of colistin.<b>Methodology.</b> One hundred microlitres of overnight cultures of the CRKP clinical strain CRKP12-130 and of ATCC 700603 was spread on five Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) plates with colistin concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 µg ml^-1, and growth of colonies was observed for five consecutive days. Colonies collected from plates were passaged daily for 10 days on MHA plates without colistin and susceptibility testing of colistin was performed by broth microdilution. Thirty-four colistin-resistant strains randomly selected were submitted to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Transcriptional levels of genes involved in colistin resistance (<i>mgrB</i>, <i>phoP</i>, <i>phoQ</i>, <i>pmrA</i>, <i>pmrB</i>, <i>pmrD</i>, <i>pmrE</i> and <i>pmrK</i>) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR.<b>Results.</b> A total of 114 and 119 colistin-resistant colonies were obtained from CRKP12-130 and ATCC 700603 in this study, among which 16 and 18 colonies were submitted to WGS, respectively. Among these 34 sequenced isolates, mutation in <i>phoQ</i> (13/16, 81.25 %) was the main genetic factor mediating colistin resistance in strains from CRKP12-130, while for strains from ATCC 700603, mutation associated with <i>mgrB</i> (8/18, 44.44 %) was found to be the commonest. Mutation of <i>mgrB</i> led to a significant increase in the MIC for colistin (from 64 to >128 µg ml^-1), and a novel mutation C28R in <i>mgrB</i> was first reported in this study.<b>Conclusion.</b> Colistin-resistant <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. could be easily selected under pressure of different concentrations of colistin. Mutations of <i>mgrB</i>, <i>phoP</i>, <i>phoQ</i> and <i>pmrB</i> genes were the main mechanisms leading to chromosomally mediated colistin resistance in <i>Klebsiella</i> spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> meningoencephalitis: a case series of five consecutive patients.","authors":"Lili Yu,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Xuejiao Qi,&nbsp;Kaixuan Bai,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Bu","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The prompt and specific diagnosis of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> meningoencephalitis (LMM) is challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an emerging technique for diagnosing infrequent causative pathogens.<b>Hypothesis/Gap statement.</b> We hypothesized that NGS of CSF is an effective approach for diagnosing LMM.<b>Aim.</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of NGS, we present five cases of LMM diagnosed using NGS of the CSF.<b>Methodology.</b> Between August 2017 and 30 September 2020, we used NGS of the CSF to detect pathogens in patients with clinically suspected central nervous system infections. The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, imaging findings and NGS results are reviewed.<b>Results.</b> Five patients were diagnosed with LMM using NGS of the CSF within 2 to 4 days, although the clinical manifestations, medical history and imaging findings varied strikingly. NGS of CSF showed sequence reads corresponding to <i>L. monocytogenes</i> species ranging from 118 to 1997 bp, genomic coverage of 0.29-5.96 %, relative abundance of 14.83-32.16 % and sequencing depth of 1.12 to 1.35. The prompt diagnosis resulted in targeted and effective treatment with the appropriate antibiotics, although two patients with the most severe cerebral parenchymal lesions showed little improvement.<b>Conclusion.</b> Our results demonstrate the power of NGS of CSF for the prompt diagnosis of LMM. NGS of CSF is an important complementary tool for identifying <i>L. monocytogenes</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JMM Profile: Swine influenza A virus: a neglected virus with pandemic potential.","authors":"Benjamin C Mollett,&nbsp;Helen E Everett,&nbsp;Pauline M van Diemen,&nbsp;Alexander M P Byrne,&nbsp;Andrew Ramsay,&nbsp;Joe James,&nbsp;Scott M Reid,&nbsp;Rowena D E Hansen,&nbsp;Nicola S Lewis,&nbsp;Ian H Brown,&nbsp;Ashley C Banyard","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The ability of SwIAV to spread bidirectionally from animals to humans (zoonotic), and from humans to animals (reverse zoonotic), drives coinfection that can result in gene segment exchange and elevates the risk of generating viruses with pandemic potential. Compared to human-origin influenza A viruses, current data indicate a greater diversity amongst circulating SwIAVs, with three major subtypes (classified by haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) circulating globally in swine (H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2). The lack of protection afforded by human seasonal influenza vaccines against SwIAVs exacerbates the risk associated with reassortment of human, swine and potentially avian viruses. As such, global monitoring of SwIAVs is important for both human and animal health as they represent a true 'One Health' challenge with pandemic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of IgM, IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination.","authors":"Charles J Fleischmann,&nbsp;Christina A Bulman,&nbsp;Cassandra Yun,&nbsp;Kara L Lynch,&nbsp;Alan H B Wu,&nbsp;Jeffrey D Whitman","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> One correlate of immunity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the laboratory detection of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. These tests are widely implemented for clinical, public health, or research uses.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> Antibody responses by all classes of immunoglobulins may form from infection and vaccination, but few studies have performed direct head-to-head comparisons between these groups.<b>Aim.</b> The objective of this study was to evaluate the serological responses in natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA-based vaccination across multiple immunoglobulin classes and a surrogate neutralizing antibody (NAb) assay.<b>Methodology.</b> A suite of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) was used to qualitatively assess IgA, IgM and IgG positivity and neutralizing per cent signal inhibition of sera from RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, COVID-19-immunized individuals ≥2 weeks after a second dose of mRNA vaccine and a set of pre-pandemic negative samples.<b>Results.</b> For confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, seroconversion of IgA, IgM, IgG and NAb increased by week after symptom onset, with positivity reaching 100 % after the third week for every immunoglobulin class. Vaccinated individuals demonstrated 100 % IgG positivity and high per cent signal inhibition by NAb, comparable to natural infection. High specificity, ranging from 96.7-98.9 %, was observed for each assay from a set of pre-pandemic COVID-19-negative samples.<b>Conclusion.</b> We make use of a comprehensive and readily adoptable suite of serological assays to provide data on the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We found that infection and vaccination both elicit robust IgG, IgM, IgA and neutralizing antibody responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9222499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}