Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers and infections and incidence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Small Colony Variants.","authors":"James Lee,&nbsp;Matipaishe Mashayamombe,&nbsp;Tom P Walsh,&nbsp;Beatrice K P Kuang,&nbsp;Guilherme N Pena,&nbsp;Sarah Vreugde,&nbsp;Clare Cooksley,&nbsp;Miguel Carda-Diéguez,&nbsp;Alex Mira,&nbsp;David Jesudason,&nbsp;Robert Fitridge,&nbsp;Peter S Zilm,&nbsp;Joseph Dawson,&nbsp;Stephen P Kidd","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Uninfected diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) progression to diabetes-related foot infection (DFI) is a prevalent complication for patients with diabetes. DFI often progresses to osteomyelitis (DFI-OM). Active (growing) <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is the most common pathogen in these infections. There is relapse in 40-60 % of cases even when the initial treatment at the DFI stage apparently clears infection.<b>Hypothesis.</b> <i>S. aureus</i> adopts the quasi-dormant Small Colony Variant (SCV) state during DFU and consequently infection, and when present in DFI cases also permits survival in non-diseased tissues as a reservoir to cause relapse.<b>Aim</b>. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial factors that facilitate persistent infections.<b>Methodology.</b> People with diabetes were recruited from two tertiary hospitals. Clinical and bacterial data was taken from 153 patients with diabetes (51 from a control group with no ulcer or infection) and samples taken from 102 patients with foot complications to identify bacterial species and their variant colony types, and then compare the bacterial composition in those with uninfected DFU, DFI and those with DFI-OM, of whom samples were taken both from wounds (DFI-OM/W) and bone (DFI-OM/B). Intracellular, extracellular and proximal 'healthy' bone were examined.<b>Results.</b> <i>S. aureus</i> was identified as the most prevalent pathogen in diabetes-related foot pathologies (25 % of all samples). For patients where disease progressed from DFU to DFI-OM, <i>S. aureus</i> was isolated as a diversity of colony types, with increasing numbers of SCVs present. Intracellular (bone) SCVs were found, and even within uninfected bone SCVs were present. Wounds of 24 % of patients with uninfected DFU contained active <i>S. aureus</i>. All patients with a DFI with a wound but not bone infection had previously had <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from an infection (including amputation), representing a relapse.<b>Conclusion.</b> The presence of <i>S. aureus</i> SCVs in recalcitrant pathologies highlights their importance in persistent infections through the colonization of reservoirs, such as bone. The survival of these cells in intracellular bone is an important clinical finding supporting <i>in vitro</i> data. Also, there seems to be a link between the genetics of <i>S. aureus</i> found in deeper infections compared to those only found in DFU.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoassay-based evaluation of rOmp28 protein as a candidate for the identification of <i>Brucella</i> species.","authors":"Richa Hans,&nbsp;Duraipandian Thavaselvam","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis, re-emerging as a serious public health concern in developing countries. Two major species, <i>Brucella melitensis</i> and <i>Brucella abortus</i>, cause recurrent facile infection in human. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis for early disease control and prevention is needed in areas with low disease burden.<b>Hypothesis.</b> This study evaluated the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (S-ELISA) immunoassay for potential use of whole-cell (WC) and recombinant outer-membrane protein (rOmp28)-derived IgG polyclonals in sensitive detection of <i>Brucella</i>.<b>Aim.</b> Immunoassay-based WC detection of <i>Brucella</i> species in important sub-clinical matrices at lower limits of detection.<b>Methodology.</b> We purified recombinant rOmp28 with Ni-NTA gel affinity chromatography and produced IgG polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) using BALB/c mice and New Zealand white female rabbits against different antigens (Ags) of <i>Brucella</i>. Checkerboard sandwich ELISA and P/N ratio (optical density of 'P' positive test sample to 'N' negative control) were used for evaluation and optimization of the study. The pAbs were characterized using Western blot analysis and different matrices were spiked with WC Ag of <i>Brucella</i>.<b>Results.</b> Double-antibody S-ELISA was developed using WC Ag-derived rabbit IgG (capture antibody at 10 µg ml^-1) and rOmp28-derived mice IgG (detection antibody at 100 µg ml^-1) with a detection range of 10² to 10⁸ cells ml^-1 and a limit of detection at 10² cells ml^-1. A P/N ratio of 1.1 was obtained with WC pAbs as compared to 0.6 and 0.9 ratios with rOmp28-derived pAbs for detecting <i>B. melitensis</i> 16M and <i>B. abortus</i> S99, respectively. An increased P/N ratio of 4.4 was obtained with WC Ag-derived rabbit IgG as compared to 4.2>4.1>2.4 ratios obtained with rabbit IgGs derived against cell envelope (CE), rOmp28 and sonicated antigen (SA) of <i>Brucella</i> with high affinity for rOmp28 Ag analysed on immunoblots. The rOmp28-derived mice IgG revealed two <i>Brucella</i> species at P/N ratios of 11.8 and 6.3, respectively. Upon validation, S-ELISA detected <i>Brucella</i> WCs in human whole blood and sera samples with no cross-reactivity to other related bacteria.<b>Conclusion.</b> The developed S-ELISA is specific and sensitive in early detection of <i>Brucella</i> from different matrices of clinical and non-clinical disease presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9685978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the flexibility of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis:</i> an escape way for the bacilli.","authors":"Shashikanta Sau,&nbsp;Arnab Roy,&nbsp;Puja Kumari Agnivesh,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Guru,&nbsp;Sandeep Sharma,&nbsp;Nitin Pal Kalia","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistence of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> makes it difficult to eradicate the associated infection from the host. The flexible nature of mycobacteria and their ability to adapt to adverse host conditions give rise to different drug-tolerant phenotypes. Granuloma formation restricts nutrient supply, limits oxygen availability and exposes bacteria to a low pH environment, resulting in non-replicating bacteria. These non-replicating mycobacteria, which need high doses and long exposure to anti-tubercular drugs, are the root cause of lengthy chemotherapy. Novel strategies, which are effective against non-replicating mycobacteria, need to be adopted to shorten tuberculosis treatment. This not only will reduce the treatment time but also will help prevent the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of mycobacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9564335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and urological pathogenic potential of <i>Aerococcus</i> species in greater Glasgow and Clyde (Descriptive study of <i>Aerococcus urinae</i> in blood culture and urinary samples: clinical importance and potential marker of urinary tract pathology).","authors":"Su Su Htwe,&nbsp;Teresa Inkster","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Aerococcus</i> species in particular <i>A. urinae</i> are increasingly reported as causative agents of bacteraemia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, and endocarditis. We sought to establish the epidemiology of <i>A. urinae</i> in Glasgow hospitals and whether the presence of the organism in clinical isolates could be an indicator of undiagnosed urinary tract pathology.<b>Hypothesis/Gap statement.</b> The knowledge gap among clinical staffs on <i>Aerococcus</i> species as emerging pathogens can be filled by understanding its epidemiology and clinical importance.<b>Aim.</b> Describe the epidemiology and clinical importance of <i>Aerococcus urinae</i>.<b>Methodology.</b> We reviewed positive blood cultures with <i>Aerococcus</i> species (2017-2021) and urinary isolates (2021) in Glasgow hospitals. Data were collected from clinical and laboratory database systems.<b>Results.</b> All 22 positive blood cultures were <i>A. urinae</i> and sensitive to amoxicillin, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin. The median age was 80.5; the majority was male (18). In total, 15/22 (68 %) were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Thirteen were treated with amoxicillin. No cases of infective endocarditis were noted. One patient was subsequently diagnosed with bladder carcinoma. All 83 positive urinary isolates in 72 patients were <i>A. urinae</i>. One was resistant to amoxicillin; two to ciprofloxacin; all sensitive to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin. The majority was female (43/83), the median age was 80. The commonest risk factors were underlying malignancy including bladder cancer (5/18), chronic kidney disease (17) and diabetes (16). Clinical data was unavailable in 24 episodes. Of these, 41/59 (69.5 %) were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. One patient was subsequently diagnosed with metastatic renal cancer while bladder wall lesions were identified in three patients, two of whom were waiting for an urology review at the time of study. Thirteen patients (18 %) had 1 year recurrent bacteriuria and three were not treated on initial episode.<b>Conclusion.</b> <i>A. urinae</i> are emerging pathogens and are likely to become more common due to advances in laboratory technologies and an ageing population. Clinical teams should be aware of their urological pathogenic potential and not dismiss them as contaminants. Whether <i>Aerococcus</i> infection is a potential indicator for undiagnosed urinary tract malignancy warrants further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10029255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in children under 5 years of age pre- and post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Paraguay.","authors":"María Eugenia León,&nbsp;Margarita Samudio,&nbsp;Aníbal Kawabata,&nbsp;Minako Nagai,&nbsp;Liliana Rojas,&nbsp;Noemí Zárate,&nbsp;Juan Irala,&nbsp;Myrian Leguizamón,&nbsp;Gloria Gómez,&nbsp;Juana Ortellado,&nbsp;Raquel Blasco,&nbsp;Rossana Franco,&nbsp;Gustavo Chamorro","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide in children <5 years of age, even with advances in vaccination programmes.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> Reviewing and reporting trends in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in Paraguay will be useful for decision-making in public health.<b>Aim</b>. This study analysed the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and the characteristics of pneumococcal disease in children <5 years old before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).<b>Methodology.</b> A total of 885 isolates and 278 <i>S. pneumoniae</i> PCR-positive clinical specimens were referred to the Central Laboratory of Public Health (LCSP) within the meningitis and pneumonia laboratory based-surveillance network in the period 2006-2020. Conventional and molecular microbiological techniques were used for confirmation and characterization.<b>Results.</b> We identified 563 cases of pneumococcal disease in the pre-vaccination period, 325 cases in the post-PCV10 period and 275 cases in the post-PCV13 period. The serotypes covered by PCV10 decreased from 78.6-6.5 %. However, additional serotypes covered by PCV13 increased from 6.6-57.5% and non-PCV13 serotypes increased from 14.8-36.0 % (<i>P</i><0.001) in the post-PCV13 period. In cases of meningitis, the rate of resistance to penicillin decreased after the introduction of conjugate vaccines. No resistance to ceftriaxone was found in any period. In cases without meningitis, the rate of resistance to penicillin and ceftriaxone decreased slightly. However, the rate of resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline increased and that to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) decreased in the post-PCV13 period compared to the pre-PCV period. The multidrug resistance rate was 8.5 %.<b>Conclusion.</b> A change in the circulating serotypes and antimicrobial resistance to certain antibiotics was observed. Non-vaccine serotype circulation and multidrug resistance may compromise the success of the conjugate vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9611935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dextransucrase antibodies on biofilm formation and certain cariogenic activities in <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.","authors":"Shabeer Ahmad Rather,&nbsp;Abid Majeed,&nbsp;Lakhvinder Singh,&nbsp;Alka Bhatia,&nbsp;Sukesh Chander Sharma,&nbsp;Akhtar Mahmood","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Dextransucrase produced by <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> plays a vital role in the formation of dental caries by synthesizing exopolysaccharides from sucrose, which helps in the attachment of microbes to the tooth surface, causing caries. Exploring antibody production against <i>S. mutans</i> antigens could be an effective method to protect against dental caries.<b>Hypothesis.</b> Dextransucrase antibodies may help in the prevention of caries formation by inhibiting essential cariogenic factors.<b>Aims.</b> The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dextransucrase antibodies on biofilm formation and certain associated cariogenic factors of <i>S. mutans</i>.<b>Methodology.</b> Dextransucrase was purified from culture of <i>S. mutans</i>. The antisera against the enzyme were raised in rabbits. The effect of dextransucrase antibodies on biofilm formation was studied using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of the antibodies on associated cariogenic factors were examined using established methods. The cross-reactivity of antibodies with human lung, liver, heart, thyroid and kidney tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.<b>Results.</b> Our findings showed impaired biofilm formation in <i>S. mutans</i> in the presence of dextransucrase antibodies. Genes associated with biofilm formation such as <i>gtfB, gtfC, brpA, relA, Smu.630</i> and <i>vicK</i> were downregulated (50-97 %) by dextransucrase antibodies in <i>S. mutans</i>. The adherence of <i>S. mutans</i> to glass surface was reduced by 58 % and hydrophobicity was reduced by 55.2 % in the presence of the antibodies compared to the controls. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed no cross-reactivity of human tissues with dextransucrase antibodies.<b>Conclusions.</b> These findings suggest that antibodies raised against dextransucrase exhibit a profound inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and vital cariogenic factors of <i>S. mutans</i>, which supports the contention that dextransucrase could be a promising antigen to study for its anticariogenic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9611934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal shifts in the predominant carbapenemase gene types among carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolated in Bangkok, Thailand, during 2013-2016.","authors":"Noriko Sakamoto,&nbsp;Warawut Laolerd,&nbsp;Yukihiro Akeda,&nbsp;Yo Sugawara,&nbsp;Daisuke Motooka,&nbsp;Norihisa Yamamoto,&nbsp;Dan Takeuchi,&nbsp;Rathina Kumar Shanmugakani,&nbsp;Isao Nishi,&nbsp;Masato Suzuki,&nbsp;Keigo Shibayama,&nbsp;Tetsuya Iida,&nbsp;Pitak Santanirand,&nbsp;Kazunori Tomono,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Hamada","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have emerged as a global threat to public health and clinical practice.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> In Thailand, reports describing CPEs carrying <i>bla</i> _NDM and <i>bla</i> _OXA-48-like genes have been increasing recently; however, data on detailed plasmid analysis and temporal shift of sequence type and carbapenemase type are limited.<b>Aim.</b> In this study, we analysed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of clinically isolated carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CPKP) to reveal the molecular epidemiology of CPKP in a tertiary-care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.<b>Methodology.</b> Seventy-seven non-duplicated CPKP isolates collected during 2013-2016 were examined for their drug-resistance genes, sequence types and phylogenetic relationships.<b>Results.</b> All the tested isolates possessed carbapenemase gene(s), and the major type of carbapenemase gene in 2014-2015 was <i>bla</i> _NDM-1, whereas isolates in 2016 harboured more <i>bla</i> _OXA-232 than <i>bla</i> _NDM-1. Other carbapenemase gene variants, such as <i>bla</i> _NDM-4, <i>bla</i> _NDM-5, <i>bla</i> _OXA-48, <i>bla</i> _OXA-181 and <i>bla</i> _IMP-14 were detected in some CPKP isolates. Furthermore, this study revealed that CPKP co-harbouring two genes, <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 and <i>bla</i> _OXA-232 or <i>bla</i> _OXA-181, emerged during this period. Notably, such isolates co-carrying the two carbapenemase genes emerged in three different sequence types, even in a single hospital, and then spread clonally. The WGS of CPKP revealed a temporal shift of the predominant carbapenemase genes from <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 to <i>bla</i> _OXA-232 along with a variation in other carbapenemase gene types within a span of 4 years.<b>Conclusion.</b> Our findings suggest that a substantial change in CPE types occurred in Thailand and potentially in Southeast Asian countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9663827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish-associated <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> ST283: first human cases reported from Malaysia.","authors":"Zahira Zohari,&nbsp;Timothy Barkham,&nbsp;Norfarhana Mohamad Maswan,&nbsp;Swaine Lin Chen,&nbsp;AbdulRahman Muthanna,&nbsp;Kai Wei Lee,&nbsp;Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa,&nbsp;Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai,&nbsp;Narcisse Mary Sither Joseph,&nbsp;Syafinaz Amin-Nordin","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In South East Asia, <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> ST283 causes sepsis in healthy adults. Raw freshwater fish consumption is the only known risk factor. These two case reports are the first from Malaysia. Although they cluster with Singapore ST283, the epidemiology is complicated by the flow of people and fish across borders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9742449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in serum amyloid A, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I as useful biomarkers for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection.","authors":"Cleuber Franco Fontes,&nbsp;Nadielle Silva Bidu,&nbsp;Fatima Rodrigues Freitas,&nbsp;Raul Cavalcante Maranhão,&nbsp;Adriano de Souza Santos Monteiro,&nbsp;Ricardo David Couto,&nbsp;Eduardo Martins Netto","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> In recent years, cholesterol has received interest in the study of infection due to evidence of a relationship between low plasma cholesterol levels and tuberculosis (TB).<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> Plasma lipid profiles of serum amyloid A (SAA), apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are biomarkers associated with symptomatic TB patients.<b>Objective.</b> We aimed to evaluate plasma lipid profiles of apolipoprotein A-I, SAA and the size of HDL as biomarkers to diagnose symptomatic TB patients.<b>Methodology.</b> Patients with TB symptoms attending the Instituto Brasileiro para a Investigação da Tuberculose/Fundação José Silveira (IBIT/FJS) between September 2015 and August 2016 for diagnosis of TB were studied. From 129 patients, 97 were classified as pulmonary TB and 32 as negative-bacilloscopy (non-TB group). Medical history, fasting serum and plasma were obtained. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I and SAA were measured by enzymatic or immunochemical reaction assays. HDL size was measured by laser light-scattering.<b>Results.</b> In TB patients, TC (147.0±37 vs. 168±44 mg dL^-1), HDL-C (37±14 vs. 55±18 mg dL^-1) and apolipoprotein A-I (102±41 vs. 156±47 mg dL^-1) concentrations were lower (<i>P</i><0.0001), while HDL particle size (10.16±1.02 vs. 9.62±0.67 nm) and SAA levels (280±36 vs. 19±8 mg L^-1) were higher (<i>P</i><0.0001). Using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting TB, the cutoff values were <83.85 mg L^-1 for SAA (sensitivity=96.88 %, specificity=78.43 %, <i>P</i><0.0001), >44.50 mg dL^-1 for HDL-C (sensitivity=75 %, specificity=72.16 %, <i>P</i><0.001) and >118.5 mg dL^-1 for apolipoprotein A-I (sensitivity=83.83 %, specificity=72.22 %, <i>P</i><0.001).<b>Conclusion.</b> SAA, HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I are associated with TB infection and could be used as laboratory biomarkers, especially in patients who are negative for alcohol-acid-resistant bacilli.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9742451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional shifts within the denture-associated bacteriome in pneumonia - an analytical cross-sectional study.","authors":"Joshua A Twigg,&nbsp;Ann Smith,&nbsp;Clotilde Haury,&nbsp;Melanie J Wilson,&nbsp;Jonathan Lees,&nbsp;Mark Waters,&nbsp;David W Williams","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Bacterial pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals. While the incidence of edentulism is falling, approximately 19 % of the UK population wear a full or partial removable denture. Despite advances in denture biomaterials, the majority of dentures are fabricated using polymethyl-methacrylate. Growing evidence suggests that colonization of the oral cavity by putative respiratory pathogens predisposes individuals to respiratory infection, by translocation of these microorganisms along the respiratory tract.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> We hypothesized that denture surfaces provide a susceptible colonization site for putative respiratory pathogens, and thus could increase pneumonia risk in susceptible individuals.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to characterize the bacterial community composition of denture-wearers in respiratory health compared with individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia.<b>Methodology.</b> This was an analytical cross-sectional study, comparing frail elderly individuals without respiratory infection (<i>n</i>=35) to hospitalized patients with pneumonia (<i>n</i>=26). The primary outcome was the relative abundance of putative respiratory pathogens identified by 16S rRNA metataxonomic sequencing, with quantitative PCR used to identified <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.<b>Results.</b> There was a statistically significant increase in the overall relative abundance of putative respiratory pathogens (<i>P</i><0.0001), with a greater than 20-fold increase in the bioburden of these microorganisms. In keeping with these findings, there were significant shifts in bacterial community diversity (Chao index, <i>P</i>=0.0003) and richness (Inverse Simpson index <i>P</i><0.0001) in the denture-associated microbiota of pneumonia patients compared with control subjects.<b>Conclusion.</b> Within the limitations of this study, our evidence supports the role of denture acrylic biomaterials as a potential colonization site for putative respiratory pathogens, which may lead to an increased risk of pneumonia in susceptible individuals. These findings support prior observational studies which have found denture-wearers to be at increased risk of respiratory infection. Further research is needed to confirm the sequence of colonization and translocation to examine potential causal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":16343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9674562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}