Journal of Geochemical Exploration最新文献

{"title":"A review of Australian carbonatites and associated REE-Nb mineralisation","authors":"Ross Chandler ,&nbsp;Ignacio González-Álverez ,&nbsp;John Mavrogenes ,&nbsp;Luke Blais","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Australia has 16 known carbonatites, and two other occurrences of REE mineralisation interpreted as carbonatite-related. These are all located within Precambrian crust, and host known resources of c. 7.2 Mt. of rare earth oxides (containing c. 1.73 Mt. of Nd₂O₃ and Pr₆O₁₁), and c. 2.7 Mt. of Nb₂O₅.</div><div>Australia's carbonatites range from Neoarchean to Jurassic, and display extreme diversity in geological characteristics, ranging from large, multiphase intrusive complexes dominated by either carbonatite (e.g. Gifford Creek and Mt. Weld, Western Australia) or silicate rocks (e.g. Cummins Range and Cundeelee, Western Australia), to single phase and small volume carbonatite dykes (e.g. Yungal dykes, Western Australia). Studied occurrences show similarly diverse radiogenic isotopic signatures (Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd), indicating derivation from a variety of mantle sources ranging from HIMU through to EM1.</div><div>Significant rare earth element (REE) and niobium (Nb) mineralisation occurs in both fresh and weathered carbonatites throughout Australia, with markedly different mineralogical and grade characteristics. While weathering history and preservation are crucial to the formation of supergene enrichments in REE and Nb, analysis of whole-rock geochemical data for different carbonatite types from the Mt. Weld and Gifford Creek complexes suggest primary magmatic composition plays the strongest determinant in the magnitude of grade increase, with siderite-dominated carbonatites having less potential for supergene upgrade than dolomite, ankerite and calcite-dominated examples.</div><div>The distinct geophysical signatures of Australia's known carbonatites have aided exploration efforts leading to early discoveries of deposits within highly magnetic complexes such as Mt. Weld and Cummins Range. Recent discoveries of geophysically subtle complexes (e.g. Gifford Creek complex, West Arunta) suggests both alternative geophysical techniques and a comprehensive structural understanding are crucial to discovery.</div><div>Explorers should focus on areas of known carbonatite magmatism, with a particular focus on developing an understanding of the regional structures that can facilitate carbonatite intrusion. On a local scale, the selection of relevant carbonatite geophysical and exploration signatures leveraging previous local discoveries should be prioritised. The small number of known carbonatites in Australia compared to the other continents abundances indicates further carbonatites and associated mineralisation may be discovered with increased exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Molybdenum and gold distribution variances within Iranian copper porphyry deposits” [J. Geochem. Explor. 261 (June 2024) 107471]","authors":"Seyed Mehran Heidari ,&nbsp;Peyman Afzal ,&nbsp;Behnam Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral system modeling of Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum (LCT)-type pegmatites: Regional-scale exploration targeting and uncertainty analysis in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Western Iran","authors":"Majid Keykhay-Hosseinpoor ,&nbsp;Alok Porwal ,&nbsp;R. Kalimuthu ,&nbsp;Shanta Panja","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granitic pegmatites, particularly lithium‑cesium‑tantalum (LCT) types, are vital sources of rare metals crucial for modern technologies, including sustainability, energy storage, and green energy applications. Exploring and targeting LCT pegmatites are essential to meet the increasing demand for critical metals like lithium in green technologies. Mineral prospectivity modeling provides a systematic approach to identifying these deposits, especially in regions such as western Iran, where the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SaSZ) is the potential host of LCT pegmatites. This study aims to model the prospectivity of LCT pegmatites in the SaSZ, with three primary objectives: (i) to construct a mineral systems framework that defines the critical processes controlling the genesis of LCT pegmatites and their mappable proxies, (ii) to identify high-priority exploration targets using knowledge-driven approaches, and (iii) address uncertainties stemming from limited data availability (epistemic) and from the integration of multiple models (systemic) to improve exploration reliability. To achieve these objectives, three well-known knowledge-based algorithms—fuzzy inference systems, continuous fuzzy gamma, and geometric average—were employed using publicly available geo-exploration datasets to generate prospectivity models based on the mineral systems approach. These were subsequently combined into a final predictive model using a majority voting (MV) ensemble technique. A confidence index (CI) was incorporated to quantify and mitigate uncertainties associated with the multi-algorithm approaches, delineating low-risk, high-confidence zones for future exploration. The results show high prospectivity zones (~2 % of the study area) in the northern and southern parts of the SaSZ, particularly near the Alvand complexes, predominantly located farther from their host plutons and within metamorphic aureoles. This study highlights the efficacy of integrating mineral systems frameworks with geospatial modeling to optimize exploration strategies. Future research should prioritize acquiring high-resolution geophysical and geochemical data and conducting systematic ground-truthing to validate and refine these targets, ensuring economic feasibility and resource-efficient exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore-forming process and fluid development at Nanpo Au deposit, Luang Prabang-Loei Belt (NW Laos): Evidence from H-O-S-Pb isotopes and inclusions","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Jie Gan ,&nbsp;Fuhao Xiong ,&nbsp;Yu Gan ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Junqing Mu ,&nbsp;Huan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Luang Prabang-Loei tectonic belt, as a significant polymetallic metallogenic belt within the Southeast Asian Tethys tectonic domain, hosts numerous gold deposits. However, the current understanding of the genetic types and mineralization processes of these gold deposits remains insufficient, which restricts the advancement of regional metallogenic theories. This study focuses on the newly discovered large-scale Nanpo gold deposit in this metallogenic belt. By systematically conducting analyses of ore deposit geological characteristics, fluid inclusion testing, and H-O-S-Pb isotope analyses, it aims to reveal the sources of ore-forming materials, clarify the properties and evolutionary patterns of ore-forming fluids, and further elucidate the genetic mechanism and the process of mineralization of the deposit. The orebodies of the Nanpo gold deposit typically have lenticular, stratoid, and veined shapes, which are clearly controlled by ductile shear zones. The ores are mainly of two types: quartz vein type and altered rock type. Based on the interpenetrating relationship of veins and the symbiotic assembly of minerals, the metallogenic process of the Nanpo gold deposit can be divided into three stages: (I) quartz-sericite-gold-poor pyrite stage, (II) quartz-polymetallic sulphide stage, and (III) quartz-carbonate mineral stage. With the help of studies on fluid inclusion petrography, microscopic thermometry and laser Raman spectroscopy, it can be found that there are three main types of fluid inclusions in the deposit, namely, NaCl-H₂O, NaCl-CO₂-H₂O and pure CO₂. In general terms, they are part of a NaCl - H₂O - CO₂ ± CH₄ ± N₂ low-temperature to intermediate-temperature/low-salinity fluid system. Using the isotopes S-Pb can be seen, the ore - forming materials come to a large extent from the homogenized lower crust - upper mantle. The H - O isotopes suggest that the ore - forming fluids were of metamorphic water which had an affinity to meteoric waters in the later stage. These evidences suggest that the Nanpo gold deposit is a typical orogenic gold deposit, and its formation is closely associated with the collisional orogeny in Indo - China block after the Paleo — Tethys closed. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the advancement of regional metallogenic theories and offers guidance for regional mineral exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne hyperspectral mapping and shortwave infrared spectroscopy of white mica from the Baiyanghe uranium district, Northwest China, with applications in exploration","authors":"Qingjun Xu ,&nbsp;Zhixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Ruiwei Li ,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilong Wang ,&nbsp;Ding Wu ,&nbsp;Fawang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne hyperspectral and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy technology has significant advantages and application prospects in the fine identification and mapping of alteration minerals. The white mica spectra contain rich geological information, including the hydrothermal environment in which white mica formed and its relationship with mineralization. How variations in the chemical components, temperature, and pH of hydrothermal fluid constrain the Al–OH wavelengths of white mica in meso-epithermal deposits is still debated. Moreover, the relationships between uranium mineralization and the spectral parameters of white mica in hydrothermal uranium deposits are poorly understood. In this study, we present shortwave infrared airborne spectral imager (SASI) hyperspectral data, SWIR FieldSpec4 hyperspectral data, petrography data, and geochemical data, including those from X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, for white mica from the Baiyanghe uranium district. The SASI airborne hyperspectral alteration mineral mapping shows that the distribution of white mica exhibits distinct zoning characteristics. The SWIR and XRD analyses indicate that the alteration minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite, and illite, with Al–OH absorption wavelengths ranging from 2190 nm to 2220 nm. The geochemical compositions indicate an obvious Tschermak substitution in white mica and suggest that variations in the Al–OH wavelengths of white mica are affected mainly by the Fe and Mg contents and Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios in addition to the wall rock composition and hydrothermal fluid. The presence of Al-rich (Si-poor) white mica with a shorter Al–OH wavelength at approximately 2200 nm indicates a relatively high-temperature and acidic hydrothermal environment. In contrast, the presence of Al-poor (Si-rich) white mica with a longer Al–OH wavelength at approximately 2200 nm suggests a relatively low-temperature and neutral hydrothermal environment. In addition, white micas close to uranium mineralization in the northern contact zone between the Yangzhuang granite porphyry and the Devonian intermediate–acid volcanic rocks of the Baiyanghe uranium district have shorter Al–OH wavelengths, greater illite spectral maturity index (ISM) values, and lower full width at half maximum at approximately 2200 nm (FWHM2200) values than those not associated with uranium mineralization. The spatial distributions and variations in the Al–OH wavelengths, ISM values, and FWHM2200 values for white mica suggest that a hydrothermal mineralization center may be located in the northern contact zone, indicating that white mica can be used as an important indicator of alteration minerals for uranium exploration in the Xuemisitan uranium metallogenic belt or other hydrothermal deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving spatial interpolation for anomaly analysis in presence of sparse, clustered or imprecise data sets","authors":"Stéphane Belbèze ,&nbsp;Jérémy Rohmer ,&nbsp;Dominique Guyonnet ,&nbsp;Philippe Négrel ,&nbsp;Timo Tarvainen","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present a new method of interpolation and anomaly detection especially designed for sparse, clustered or imprecise environmental data (SIC). Such data cannot be processed by current state of the art spatial methods and models, including the most widely used, such as kriging. Indeed, the statistics obtained on SIC data (on the order of 5–30) do not allow us to define a covariance or to calibrate the numerous hyper-parameters of sophisticated Bayesian or deep image prior models. We therefore adapted an information dissemination algorithm to handle SIC data. This probabilistic model has been enriched (anisotropy, de-clustering, auto-variography, multi-support, treatment of covariates, and censored data) in a way that fully meets the needs for environmental SIC data and can be used in conjunction with hybrid propagation of epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties and anomaly detection, whatever their mathematical form. The new interpolator for anomaly detection was applied on a very small set of 13 sparse data points characteristic of small-scale environmental studies, on digital-challenge datasets and on two real datasets, i.e., a large-scale geochemical dataset and a SIC urban soil dataset. Results highlight the added value of the proposed algorithm, that is able to pinpoint anomalies in SIC data, while avoiding in particular the smoothing effects of certain previous methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lithium mineralization potential of Pan-African pegmatites in Mozambique","authors":"Violeta Lavínia Bunzula ,&nbsp;Axel Müller ,&nbsp;Muriel Erambert ,&nbsp;Valby van Schijndel ,&nbsp;Bernhard Schulz ,&nbsp;Jens Götze ,&nbsp;Sabine Gilbricht ,&nbsp;Jiří Sláma ,&nbsp;Siri Simonsen","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pan-African rare-element pegmatites of the Alto Ligonha Pegmatite District in northern Mozambique contain abundant Li-rich micas and primary Li aluminosilicates, such as spodumene. Given the rising global demand for Li in the manufacture of Li-ion batteries, these pegmatites are viewed as potential hard rock sources of Li. In this study, five pegmatites from the Alto Ligonha region were investigated to gain a better understanding of the fractionation processes of pegmatite melts that lead to Li enrichment and to assess the economic potential of the Li mineralization. Mica, quartz, and spodumene collected from various zones within these pegmatites were analyzed. Contents of Li, Rb, Cs, Ta, and Tl in mica and of Li and Al in quartz reveal a very strong internal fractionation of the pegmatite melt with progressing crystallization. Li₂O contents in micas increase from 0.1 to 1.4 wt% in the wall zones, to 0.3–1.7 wt% in the intermediate zones, to 1.5–3.8 wt% in the core zones and up to 5.4 wt% in the core zone pockets. Using known mica/melt Li partition coefficients, the Li contents of the melt at the initial crystallization stage was calculated to be between 315 and 3910 ppm for the Li-rich pegmatites. The Li saturation of about 5000 ppm in respect to spodumene crystallization was exceeded for most pegmatites at the final core-zone crystallization. The theoretical calculations confirm field observations that spodumene occurs in pegmatite core zones only. The analyzed spodumene show low and variable bulk Li₂O contents between 1.2 and 3.0 wt%. The low Li contents in spodumene are mainly the result of kaolinization due to tropical weathering. The final deposition of the released Li, however, could not be identified. Inferred resource calculations revealed that the investigated pegmatites contain low Li₂O tonnages. However, spodumene as well as Li-rich mica might be mined selectively as a by-product of gemstone and columbite-tantalite mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Silurian Pingtan W deposit, Nanling Range, South China: Constraints from scheelite and apatite geochemistry and geochronology","authors":"Hongfei Di ,&nbsp;Yong-Jun Shao ,&nbsp;David Chew ,&nbsp;Jian-Feng Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Fang ,&nbsp;Yi-Qu Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cluster of Silurian W mineralization events have been reported in South China but the ore-forming processes remain not well-constrained, impeding a comprehensive understanding of deposit genesis and hindering the deployment of further exploration programs. In this study, we examine the newly discovered Silurian Pingtan W deposit as a case study. We undertook a comprehensive study of microtextures and geochemistry on scheelite and apatite, and U–Pb geochronology on apatite to determine the timing of W mineralization as well as the origin and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. Based on BSE and CL images, we identify two types of scheelite (Sch) and apatite (Ap): Sch A (A1 and A2) and Ap I in the altered granite-scheelite stage, and Sch B (B1 and B2) and Ap II in the quartz-scheelite stage. The Mo contents and Eu/Eu* ratios of multi-stage scheelite suggest a decrease in fluid <em>f</em>O₂ from the early to late stages within each mineralization phase. The Eu/Eu* ratios of multi-stage apatite indicate an increase in fluid <em>f</em>O₂ from the altered granite-scheelite stage to the quartz-scheelite stage. The Y/Ho ratios of these phases of apatite and scheelite growth imply that the initial fluids originated from the host porphyritic biotite monzogranite, and early-stage apatite crystallization led to the depletion of Y and Ho in scheelite. A support vector machine biplot shows that Ap I is magmatic in origin, while Ap II is hydrothermal in origin. The hydrothermal Ap II yields a U–Pb age of 433.7 ± 9.7 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.9), aligning with the emplacement ages (431–430 Ma) of the porphyritic biotite monzogranite. These data imply that the Pingtan W deposit represents a typical altered-granite type W deposit genetically linked to its host Silurian porphyritic biotite monzogranite. In addition, the estimated F and Cl contents in melt and fluid based on their contents in apatite indicate that the volatile-rich altered porphyritic biotite monzogranite has great W mineralization potential. Considering previous studies on the Silurian W mineralization, we propose that the Silurian may represent another significant period for W mineralization in South China, with contemporaneous highly evolved and volatile-rich granites serving as a new exploration target for W deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 107884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals' release behavior in antimony tailings dump and its response to different rainfall conditions","authors":"Weixiao Chen ,&nbsp;Pu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhimin Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Luo ,&nbsp;Yingdan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yidan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the influence of natural rainfall, heavy metals (HMs) in Qinglong antimony tailings are easily released into surface or underground runoff, posing a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, an independently designed rainfall simulation device was used to study the effects of tailings leachate and carbonate rocks on the release behavior and mechanism of HMs under rainfall activities (different rainfall intensities and intermittent rainfall). X-ray diffraction shows that the characteristic minerals of tailings are quartz, gypsum, kaolinite, pyrite, fluorite and calcite, and the main antimony mineral is stibnite. The simulated rainfall shows that lower intensities result in decreased pH, increased EC, higher heavy metal concentrations, and cumulative release amounts positively correlated with rainfall intensity, but has little effect on the leaching mechanism of HMs. The release of Sb is mainly a diffusion mechanism, and the leaching of As, Fe, and Mn is mainly controlled by surface leaching. Intermittent rainfall leaching significantly promoted the release of Sb and As, changing the release control mechanism and increasing concentrations by 109.2 μg/L and 16.6 μg/L, respectively. Carbonate rocks can effectively inhibit release of HMs from tailings while elevating Sb/As/Fe valence states and inducing Sb-As-Fe-Mn release correlations. The kinetic release mathematical model reflects that the release process of HMs is controlled by multiple factors. This work has deepened the understanding of heavy metal leaching under various rainfall conditions and provided a useful reference for managing open-pit tailings in karst mountainous areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water quality in the Malaysian indigenous community of Pos Kemar (Perak): Pollution, risks, and household practices","authors":"Sarva Mangala Praveena ,&nbsp;Nurul Shafiqah Sukri ,&nbsp;Aini Saadah Mohd Soad ,&nbsp;Samuel Abiodun Kehinde","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to clean water continues to be a major obstacle for indigenous communities in remote areas. The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent of pollution in the drinking water of the indigenous tribe community of Pos Kemar (Malaysia), specifically examining the issue of microbiological contamination and the resulting health hazards. Drinking water samples were collected from 108 households and analysed for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and microbial contamination, particularly <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>. In addition, a questionnaire study was carried out to investigate behaviour related to water handling, hygiene, and reported health complaints. The results indicated that although the majority of physicochemical and heavy metal levels were within the Malaysian Drinking Water Quality Standards, the presence of microbiological contamination, namely <em>E. coli</em>, greatly beyond the safely acceptable thresholds in all samples. According to a simplified Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment, all samples exceeded the World Health Organization health-based target for pathogenic <em>E. coli</em>, indicating a significant health risk from <em>E. coli</em> infection. The study further revealed that effective water treatment, such as boiling, substantially decreased levels of pollution. Nevertheless, deficiencies in water management protocols and sanitation were identified, which greatly contributed to the high occurrence of waterborne illnesses. Specifically, 31 % of the population reported experiencing health symptoms related to inadequate water quality, such as diarrhea and skin infections. The results emphasize the immediate requirement for enhanced water treatment measures and public health approaches to reduce the hazards of waterborne illnesses in indigenous populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 107849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}