{"title":"Cost-optimized dimensioning of translucent WDM networks with Mixed-Line-Rate spectrum-flexible channels","authors":"A. Eira, J. Pedro, J. Pires","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260848","url":null,"abstract":"In order for transport networks to cost-effectively provide higher capacity, it is expected that channel bit-rates beyond 100 Gb/s will be accomplished by resorting to a flexible WDM grid with variable channel spacing. Among the implications of this concept is the need for planning tools that fully exploit the additional degrees of freedom enabled by a flexible grid to further optimize network cost and spectral efficiency. This paper proposes an optimization framework to minimize the transponder and regenerator deployment cost in a translucent WDM network featuring channel bit-rates of 40, 100 and 400 Gb/s and multiple transmission formats per bit-rate, each characterized by its own spectral width, optical reach and cost properties. Firstly, we formulate the problem via a novel Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model, whose resolution finds the optimal (cheapest) feasible network configuration. Secondly, we propose an efficient heuristic called Narrowest First-Iterative Cost Reduction (NF-ICR) to handle network scenarios for which solving the ILP entails an unreasonable computational burden. The NF-ICR heuristic is shown to provide tight optimality bounds where the benchmark given by the ILP solution is attainable. For larger networks, we show that the use of a flexible grid and multiple format options for each bit-rate results in around 10% less cost in transponders and regenerators for metro networks, and a substantial increase in the total traffic load supported by the network. We also conclude that a distinction emerges between metro/regional scenarios and long-haul networks with long paths, wherein the shorter transparent reach of 400 Gb/s channels drives up the cost due to extra regeneration, favoring the use of parallelized solutions of lower bit-rate channels.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"76 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126031327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Module-level matching algorithms for MSM clos-network switches","authors":"Yu Xia, H. J. Chao","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260825","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a simple module-level matching scheme for memory-space-memory Clos-network switches to avoid complex path-allocation algorithms in bufferless Clos networks, as well as cell out-of-order and saturation-tree problems in buffered Clos networks. We show that the module-level matching scheme can achieve 100% throughput.We propose static and dynamic dispatching cell schemes in addition to the module-level matching to improve the delay performance. The static cell dispatching scheme requires no additional scheduling; while the dynamic cell dispatching scheme is more adaptive to the traffic than the static one, thus can achieve better delay performance under non-uniform traffic loads. However, the wiring complexity of the scheduler for dynamic cell dispatching is high. Thus, the grouped dynamic cell dispatching scheme is proposed as a trade-off between the complexity and performance. In practice, embedded memory size is restricted, thus the queue length limitation in each switch module is also considered in this paper. We propose an efficient scheme to prevent queues to overflow in this situation which makes our work more practical.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121738999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rzasa, A. Lason, Krzysztof Rusek, A. Szymanski, A. Jajszczyk
{"title":"On stability of virtual topologies in dynamic multilayer networks","authors":"J. Rzasa, A. Lason, Krzysztof Rusek, A. Szymanski, A. Jajszczyk","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260839","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the problem of unwanted stabilization of a virtual topology in a dynamic multilayer network using the Packet-Packet-Lambda (PPL) routing strategy. The PPL strategy was already proposed in several papers and is perceived as a valuable solution to the multilayer traffic routing problem in a network with lightpaths created on demand. However, as it is shown, usage of the strategy may bring catastrophic results, since this strategy may create in some point of time an inefficient, extremely stable and long lasting logical topology, which results in a highly penalized network performance. Therefore, enhancements to the strategy are necessary. We show some directions for such improvements.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114427229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Santos, J. Pedro, A. Eira, P. Monteiro, J. Pires
{"title":"Optical transport network design with collocated regeneration and differential delay compensation","authors":"J. Santos, J. Pedro, A. Eira, P. Monteiro, J. Pires","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260851","url":null,"abstract":"A potentially cost-effective approach for augmenting the transmission capacity in an optical transport network (OTN) consists of bundling several optical channels by means of an inverse-multiplexing strategy, e.g. virtual concatenation (VCAT). When VCAT is employed together with multipath routing, the differential delay between concatenated channels needs to be compensated via electrical buffering. To avoid installing large and costly high-speed buffers, this compensation can be dispersed throughout the intermediate path nodes. With this distributed scheme, each intermediate compensation operation requires an optical-electrical-optical (OEO) converter. Such converters, which are typically employed to allow electrical processing (e.g. signal regeneration, traffic switching/grooming, etc.), represent the largest contributor to the capital expenditures of an optical network. Hence, to save on OEO equipment and keep the network cost-effectiveness, we propose the novel approach of collocating the differential delay buffering and the regeneration on the same network element, enabling the implementation of distributed schemes with minimal link capacity levels, OEO count, and buffer size requirements. To effectively design an OTN network under these conditions, we also present a new multi-step optimization framework based on integer linear programming (ILP) modeling. To test our approach, emerging 100 Gb/s Ethernet services are established over two reference networks using virtually-concatenated 40 Gb/s channels. The correspondent results confirm that relevant OEO/regenerator count savings (ranging from 23% to 44%) can be attained with the collocated approach while the buffer sizes are maintained reasonably small. We also show that the end-to-end transmission latency is not affected by the adoption of this collocated strategy","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131144542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoliang Wang, Xiaohong Jiang, A. Pattavina, Sanglu Lu
{"title":"Assessing physical network vulnerability under random line-segment failure model","authors":"Xiaoliang Wang, Xiaohong Jiang, A. Pattavina, Sanglu Lu","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260838","url":null,"abstract":"The communication network is now one of the critical infrastructures in our society. However, the current communication networks are facing more and more large-scale region failure threats, such as natural disasters (e.g. earthquake, tornado) and physical attacks (e.g. dragging anchors or EMP attack). Therefore, a deep understanding of network behaviors under region failure is essential for the design and maintenance of future highly survivable networks. In this paper, we focus on the network vulnerability assessment under the geographically correlated region failure(s) caused by a random “line-segment” cut, an important region failure model that can efficiently capture the behaviors of some region failures like earthquake, tornado and anchor cutting. To facilitate such vulnerability assessment, we apply the geometrical probability theory to design a grid partition-based estimation scheme for Disrupted Link Capacity, Pairwise Traffic Reduction and Pairwise Disconnection Probability, three commonly used metrics for statistical vulnerability assessment. A theoretical framework is also established to determine a suitable grid partition such that a specified estimation error requirement is satisfied.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127039796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gharbaoui, F. Paolucci, A. Giorgetti, B. Martini, P. Castoldi
{"title":"Statistical approach for detecting malicious PCE activity in multi-domain networks","authors":"M. Gharbaoui, F. Paolucci, A. Giorgetti, B. Martini, P. Castoldi","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260845","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-domain traffic engineering solutions based on the Path Computation Element (PCE) architecture are exposed to information confidentiality issues between network carriers. Licit PCE Protocol (PCEP) request sequences may hide a malicious intention to discover critical intra-domain information through correlations among replies. This work presents an innovative anomaly-based statistical approach based on the Sequential Hypothesis Testing (SHT) aiming to detect malicious utilization of PCEP by peer clients. A novel combined multi-feature SHT formulation is presented in combination with different decision policies for definitely ascertaining whether the behavior of the Path Computation Client (PCC) is malicious or not. Simulation results show improved performance in terms of detection and falsealarms probabilities while guaranteeing a trade-off between detection accuracy and delay.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134263533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yangming Zhao, Shizhong Xu, Bin Wu, Xiong Wang, Sheng Wang
{"title":"Monitoring Trail Allocation in all-optical networks with the Random Next Hop Policy","authors":"Yangming Zhao, Shizhong Xu, Bin Wu, Xiong Wang, Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260849","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of monitoring trail (m-trail) provides a striking mechanism for fast and unambiguous link failure localization in all-optical networks. To achieve fast m-trail design in large-size networks, two efficient heuristics RCA+RCS and MTA are proposed against the optimal ILP (Integer Linear Program) model. However, RCA+RCS suffers from the disjoint trail problem which increases the required number of m-trails, and MTA always finds a deterministic solution which may not be good enough due to the limited solution space. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic RNH-MTA (Monitoring Trail Allocation with the Random Next Hop policy) to solve those issues. Similar to MTA, RNH-MTA ensures a valid optical structure of each m-trail and sequentially adds necessary m-trails to the solution, and thus is free of the disjoint trail problem. By replacing the deterministic searching in MTA using the Random Next Hop policy, RNH-MTA sets up a probabilistic model in extending each m-trail. This not only enlarges the solution space and increases the solution diversity, but also enables a controllable tradeoff between the solution quality and the running time of the algorithm. Our numerical results show the advantages of RNH-MTA over both RCA+RCS and MTA.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125768902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classes of service for daisy chain interconnects","authors":"H. Eberle, W. Olesinski","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260842","url":null,"abstract":"We describe qHTFair, a switch scheduler that supports classes of service for networks on chips. The scheduler extends the HTFair scheduler, which is an improved version of the HyperTransport scheduling protocol. qHTFair is intended for on-chip interconnects with a daisy chain topology. With our extension, the interconnect can be divided into several classes or channels, each with its own bandwidth allocation. Bandwidth allocations are defined as ratios of channel bandwidths. Ratios can have arbitrary values and be set up dynamically.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131167840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and optimizing the delay-energy tradeoff in TDM systems with sleep mode","authors":"I. Cerutti, A. Kassem, P. G. Raponi, P. Castoldi","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260856","url":null,"abstract":"Power consumption in access networks is becoming a relevant issue. Strategies for reducing the power consumption (such as sleep mode support) and enhancing the energy proportionality have been recently proposed and also introduced in the standards for access networks based on time division multiplexing (TDM).","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116044057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving performance in a combined router/server","authors":"Voravit Tanyingyong, M. Hidell, Peter Sjödin","doi":"10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR.2012.6260827","url":null,"abstract":"A modern PC-based router can provide as competitive service as a specialized hardware router while offering more flexibility and possibility to extend beyond routing. We focus on a use case in which the PC-based router also functions as a server. In this paper, we propose a multi-core based architecture for a combined router/server that efficiently provides simultaneous packet forwarding and server processing. We improve the overall performance by creating a fast path for packet forwarding through caching flow entries in on-board classification hardware on the NIC. We propose a generic design based on multi-core processors and multi-queue network interface cards. We describe a prototype implementation and present an experimental evaluation of this design. We also devise a strategy for how to efficiently map packet forwarding and application processing tasks onto the multi-core architecture.","PeriodicalId":163079,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121793998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}