IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Drug-facilitated sexual assaults: An impediment to the progression of Indian society","authors":"Divya Sajeev","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the number of crimes aided by drugs is rising. Both industrialized and developing nations are seeing an increase in the use of date rape medications. Any drug that can be used to facilitate the commission of a sexual assault is referred to as a date rape drug. Alcohol and other drugs, including gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, ketamine, and benzodiazepines, are frequently used in both sexual and nonsexual acts of violence. The most common types of date rape drugs include Rohypnol, GHB, and Ketamine. These drugs can cause dizziness, confusion, loss of consciousness, and memory loss, making it easier for perpetrators to commit a sexual assault without the victim's knowledge or consent. Before committing the crime, the offender gives the booze or mixes the narcotics with meals or other beverages. DFSA (Drug-facilitated Sexual Assault) cases in India pose several challenges, including the lack of awareness and understanding of the issue, the difficulty in detecting and proving the presence of date rape drugs, and the inadequate support and resources available to victims. However, several solutions can be implemented, such as increasing public awareness through education and campaigns, strengthening laws to address the issue of date rape drugs specifically, providing better training to law enforcement agencies, improving access to medical care for victims, and increasing support and resources for survivors of sexual assault. These measures can help address the challenges and provide justice to the victims of DFSA cases in India. Therefore, I will be reviewing and explaining the various date rape drug types that are widely used in India, their mode of action on the human body, resulting effects, and the increasing number of challenges faced by our Indian society due to the emerging number of DFSA cases.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115761067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidentally discovered vaginal foreign body: Forensic implication","authors":"G. F. O. Ngongang, El Hadj Oumar Ndoye, A. M. Diallo, Namoudou Conde, Gabriel Raymond Konate, Ulrich Tambekou, Stephane EYA, Eric NSEME, Cedric Bigot","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a vaginal foreign body accidentally discovered during the examination of a 07-year-old girl victim of a road traffic accident. The unpredicted nature of this discovery has sufficiently raised the medico-legal interest. It was a question for us to determine the circumstances of this intromission by the interrogation of the parents, the study of the mechanism of injury of the accident on the public highway.Physical examination revealed a hymenal tear without other recent vulvar lesions and a closed diaphyseal fracture of the left femur. The treatment consisted firstly of removing the metallic foreign body similar to a spring and secondly of fixing the bone lesion under general anesthesia in the operating room. Short- and medium-term post-operative follow-up was favourable.Faced with the discovery of a vaginal foreign body, a methodical and rigorous analysis is essential.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114645153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphic enzymes and proteins in forensic science","authors":"Priyanka Verma, Bhavika Moza, Debhjit Mukherjee","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"The population is evolving with time and with evolution there are certain genetic changes going on in humans, and this forms the foundation of polymorphism. In biological sciences the polymorphism implies that there are different allelic variants of one gene in different individuals. Therefore, the meaning of polymorphism directs us to link it to the forensic investigations. In this review we will start with the basics of polymorphism. The various research studies related to different polymorphic enzymes have been explored that have supported or would aid further in forensic investigation. Proteins are an essential part of the humans and other species; therefore, they also are found to have significance in forensic investigations. Examples of proteins are mentioned with suitable examples and their applications in various fields of forensic science. Forensic proteomics is a valuable tool in the field of forensic science, providing a wealth of information that can be used to identify suspects, link evidence to crime scenes, and determine the cause of death. Polymorphic enzymes and proteins have been extensively used in forensic science, as they can provide valuable information for individual identification and determination of biological relationships. The review explores how the polymorphic enzymes such as CYP family of enzymes, Red cell enzymes, phosphoglucomutase can be used to establish individuality and to determine biological stains' origin. Moreover, discussion about how polymorphisms in blood group systems, such as ABO are employed for the identification of individuals and the determination of biological relationships, including paternity testing. The use of these polymorphic markers in forensic science significantly improves the accuracy of individual identification and provide crucial evidence in many criminal investigations. Two case studies are discussed that give good example of how enzyme polymorphism had a pivotal role where even other biological and genetic methods could not help. However, it is observed that the interpretation of the results obtained from these markers must be done with care, considering factors such as population frequency and sample quality, to avoid incorrect conclusions.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic and medical sciences","authors":"Reeta R Gupta","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127536330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mysterious death of student in hostel: A case report and its medico -legal aspect","authors":"Md. Irfan Ali, Anil Shandil, A. Abhay, Ashish Ranjan, Suresh Kumar, Dilesh Kumar Verma, Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Smothering is a form of asphyxia, caused by either closing or blocking the external respiratory orifices i.e. mouth and nose. Deaths from smothering may or may not be accompanied by physical signs of evidence during autopsy depending upon the manner or circumstances making the autopsy surgeon’s task a daunting challenge. A strangulation is a form of violent asphyxia death caused by constriction of air passage at the neck by means of ligature or by any means other than suspension of the body. Suicide by strangulation is rare. In the absence of signs of violence and marks of a struggle, the task becomes more difficult. Here we report one such case of a student staying in a hostel who died in a mysterious circumstance, whose dead body was found lying in a car outside the hostel premises and the manner concluded after studying the injuries tediously in summation with the detailed history of the case and FSL report of visceral chemical analysis, ligature material report and report of the scene of incidence.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122832254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of glyphosate poisoning","authors":"Samyogita Choudhary, Sayan Chakraborty, L. Goswami, Dhiman Sen","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate is a commercially available herbicide which also acts as a human toxin. It produces a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from throat irritation, GI tract erosion and bleeding, surfactant elated liver and kidney injury, metabolic acidosis and even death. We are reporting a case of a 36 year old female who consumed around 400ml of the pesticide and presented to our tertiary care hospitals after 12 hours of ingestion, in a state of renal shutdown, Severe acidosis and hyperkalemia and shock. We started on hemoperfusion and CRRT apart from the initial resuscitation. She was successfully treated and discharged home. This case report emphasise on the use of hemoperfusion toxin removing cartridge for sever glyphosate poisoning as there is no known antidote of this toxin and also the mechanism of toxicity is still not well-established?","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127799532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of fabricated gunshot wounds- A hospital based cross-sectional study","authors":"Mohd Kaleem Khan, Kashif Alli","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"A fabricated firearm injury refers to a self-inflicted superficial injury and if someone has fabricated a gunshot injury, it is important to assess the presentation and the intent behind it. This prospective hospital based study was carried out on all patients who presented to Trauma center of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh with alleged fabricated gunshot injuries over a span of 4 years i.e., from October 2018 to September 2022. In this study, we found that most of the patients were from age groups 19-30 years (30.2%). Males outnumbered the females. 42 cases (79.2%) were reported from rural background while majority of the cases i.e. 17 cases (32.1%) were unemployed.The collaborative efforts of all the investigating agencies and medical professionals can help to prevent the fabrication of injuries, which will not only decrease needless court cases but also eliminate unwanted harassment of innocent people.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116042145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of autopsy cases at tertiary care centre during pandemic","authors":"A. Chaudhari, Paresh V Chandegara, Jigneshkumar B Patel, R. Kharadi, Ganesh P Govekar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"The profile of autopsy cases are necessary for taking necessary preventive measures in future. New civil hospital is a government tertiary care center in south Gujarat where annually approximately 2500 cases are brought for postmortem examination. Forensic medicine department conducts postmortem examination of expert level cases which are directly brought by investigating officer or referred from medical officers. Manner of death is very important to determine the nature of investigation. The present study is a retrospective study. It includes all the total 131 expert autopsy cases conducted from 1 Jan 2020 to 31 Dec 2020. The emphasis was given on age, sex, cause of death, manner of death, mode of death, causative weapons. All these data were collected and analyzed. In the year 2020 total 131 expert cases out of them 89 male, 41 female and 1 unknown. Among them mode of death 26.72 % asphyxia, 20.61% coma, 33.59% syncope, 9.16% pending and 9.92% undetermined, 48.09% homicidal, 14.5% suicidal, 6.11% accidental, 12.98% natural death cases, 9.92% negative autopsy, 15.26% cases the time since death was within 12 hours. Present study evaluates the expert and referred autopsy cases conducted in a tertiary center, majority of the cases are of allegation and highly suspicious nature. So very few cases of road traffic accident and natural deaths or obvious suicidal death cases are brought to our department. So sometimes it becomes a challenging work to determine manner of the death, causative weapon and time since death.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131445261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of emerging technology on recent criminal scenario","authors":"Reeta R Gupta, Asha Srivastava","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"Today the world is fully acknowledged by the digital Technology with a constant dependency of staying connected with everything. In this era of world and after the world experiencing covid pandemic, a new dimension of use of digital/ cyber technology and digitalization in all area including home to office work in day-to-day life emerged with broad spectrum. Technology has given a significant contribution in societal change with digital world in all aspects such as the medical instruments used in surgical treatment of various cardiac, pulmonary diseases orthopedic as well as carcinogenic diseases; cellular connectivity with accuracy &consistency and timeless feasibility of data transfer and money transactions from one hand to another hand. With advancement of technology on a daily basis a significant impact can be seen on the society. This also creates a major impact on the current criminal scenario as well as it has imposed new challenges in the criminal justice system. The present research article is based on the recent case study encountered by the experts in forensic science which will be discuss in detail with their own experiences during presentation.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132935555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of latent fingerprints on different substrates submerged under fresh water: A review","authors":"Chayanika Banerjee","doi":"10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Fingerprint proof is the maximum dependable and popular evidence inside the legal court in the judicial system. Though fingerprints are identical to all kind of conditions of atmosphere like rain, fire etc., and a huge range with different types of physical and chemical methodologies are needed for the fingerprints development. Criminal offenders always have an essential intention is they plan not to leave any traces at the crime scene. Criminals may have thought that evidences which are recovered under water will have not a single value in the field of forensics, so they consequently try to spoil the strains by throwing items in water sources like ponds or lakes. These constitute a task for the forensic experts to investigate the fingerprints. Under water evidences which are recovered from the scenes where crime occurred, have usually been a venture for the forensic scientists, as water puts different environmental effect at the prints. There are various technical processes which available for the purpose of fingerprint development from various types of substrates like glass, metal, aluminum, plastic, wood etc. on different time intervals like two days, ten days etc. There are strategies for improvement of fingerprints discovered under fresh water. The present examine offers different techniques like SPR, PTC, Black Powder, Cyanoacrylate, zinc carbonate etc. for the development of fingerprints determined under fresh water.","PeriodicalId":163055,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116799543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}