Somaliland Peace and Development Journal最新文献

{"title":"Post-Conflict State Reconstruction in Somaliland: An African Perspective of Statebuilding Processes","authors":"Mohamed Farah","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24602","url":null,"abstract":"In January 1991, the central government of the Somali Democratic Republic collapsed as a result of local insurgency against Mohamed Siyad known who is also known as ‘Barre’. Somaliland, a former British protectorate which had united with Somalia in 1960 with the aim of uniting the divided Somali people in the Horn of Africa, declared its unilateral withdrawal from almost three decades union with Somalia but remains unrecognized by the rest of world. This paper will explore Somaliland’s journey of peace and statebuilding processes which has adopted a bottom-up, locally-driven, and traditionally-fashioned approach to post-conflict state reconstruction. The study adopts a qualitative research approach by conducting an in-depth interview and reviewing existing academic literature on African state reconstruction approaches. The study will critically apply and examine Aka Claude’s theory of ‘building from below’ in relation to the statebuilding process of Somaliland.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123017970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Proliferation of Traditional Leaders in Somaliland: Past and Present Situations","authors":"A. Abokor","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115632502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth Unemployment and Security in Hargeisa","authors":"Muse Abdilahi","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24598","url":null,"abstract":"Youth represent a very vital organ in any society. They are not only the future of Somaliland, but also a major stakeholder and useful resource in the nation-building. However, it has been suggested that a large rate of youth unemployment makes more countries unstable in general, and thus more prone to armed conflict. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the nexus between youth unemployment and state security in Somaliland. Both primary and secondary data are used in the study. The study is purely qualitative and generated the required information in order to achieve its objectives. A non-probability sampling method was used which was relevant to the researcher’s judgement to collect the required data since the list of the unemployed youth in Hargeisa is unknown. The main data collection instruments were key informant interviews and observation. The findings of this study found from 20 respondents selected on purposefully comprising of the unemployed, employed youth as well as the concerned institutions. Results show that corruption, nepotism and unfair job recruitment systems are the factors causing youth unemployment in Hargeisa. The study proposes the enforcement of meritocracy policy that could at least tackle the challenges of unemployment and can also be a solution to the predicament of youth unemployment in the Hargeisa.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130229040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Decades of Democracy in Somaliland: the Role of Civil Society in the Electoral Processes","authors":"Ifrah M.Abdi","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24596","url":null,"abstract":"Civil society organizations in Somaliland have mushroomed since 1991 and have made an important contribution to the relief and rehabilitation efforts throughout the country, particularly in the provision of social services and the empowerment of disadvantaged groups in the society. Many of these civil society organizations have contributed significantly to improving the lives of a large number of people, particularly women, children and other vulnerable groups by supporting a range of essential services that the state has failed to provide. Presently, many Somaliland civil society organizations are engaged in democratization and good governance issues. However, it is rare to witness a civic organization that is involved in political activism, or lobbying for legislative reform. This article examines the notion of the civil society in the Somaliland context and their roles in the democratization processes. Moreover, the article specifically discusses major involvements and challenges of the civil society in promoting free and fair electoral processes.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122956257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Poverty in Somaliland: The Case of State House Area in Hargeisa","authors":"Abdirizak Mohamoud","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24597","url":null,"abstract":"Somaliland, like any other Sub-Saharan Africa remains amongst the poorest nations in the world with a Gross Domestic Product per capita of $499.8 according to the World Bank ahead of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Niger. The purpose of this study is aimed to analyze urban poverty in Somaliland. Both primary and secondary data were used; the primary data were obtained from field activity results of a questionnaire distributed to 97 randomly selected respondents in the study area. The secondary data were taken from different published assessments and reports from reputable global institutions. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze the data. According to the results of this study, urban poverty in Somaliland is multi-dimensional; it manifests itself in the form of inadequate basic services and goods such as lack of clean water, nutritious food, lack of hygiene and sanitation, lack of health facilities, lower standard houses without lighting, unemployment, poorly paid wage. The combinations of these problems deteriorate and worsen the living conditions of the urban poor in Somaliland. Urban poverty is determined by consumption expenditure, household size, education level of the head of the household, access to health facilities and status of unemployment in the study area. Therefore, this implies the necessity of intervention and preparation of comprehensive and inclusive national planning: reduction of poverty, employment creation, investment in education (vocational and training) and health, introduction of poor friendly public utilities, promotion of investment in national productive assets, and institutionalization of local community support systems (local charity).","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134423664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nexus between the Somali Customary Law, Traditional Leaders and Conflict Resolution: Evidence from Somaliland","authors":"Nimo M. Abdi","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24593","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the traditional leaders in Somaliland and their role in building peace and the state. The study questions if the traditional system existing in Somaliland is a tool for conflict resolution as used before or a dilemma on governance and endeavors to strengthen state institutions to provide social services and security to the citizens in general. The study doesn’t undermine the positive role of the traditional leaders within the Somali society has been organized for centuries in clan line structure in which every and each clan has its own leader, literally called ‘Chief Aqil’ and basically fabricates the bonds between the adjacent and neighboring clans. The study employed both primary and secondary data in which were analyzed qualitatively. The study argues that the current hybrid system existing in Somaliland cannot bring good governance and development, unless the traditional elders abandon the politics, thus produce stable and good governance, which in return brings legitimate, socially inclusive, respect human rights based on the rule of law and the division of power which are imperative in modern state institutions.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126303034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Somaliland Media and the Public Deception","authors":"K. Ahmed","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24595","url":null,"abstract":"When Somaliland reclaimed its sovereignty in 1991, it took steps to have vibrant media, which took part in state and peace building efforts. A strong and vibrant media sector is seen as an important resource for national development and social demobilization efforts. Indeed, though considerable progress has been achieved in the expansion of media in Somaliland, yet significant challenges to media both state-owned and independent remain to be addressed. In recent years, there has been growing criticisms of the conduct of the mass media in Somaliland. This criticism is multifaceted – economic, political, and ethical – and is grounded mostly in the facts concerning the conduct of the media. In nearly twenty years plus, the media have enjoyed editorial independence; self-censoring, and their first and foremost responsibility remained in avoiding public and private disappointments. But, has never materialized this opportunity in which most African media if not all have never experienced. This failure could be linked to the absence of professional ethics, objective reporting and social responsibility with defined critical thinking principles. The absence of objective reporting and truth are regarded as the most challenging factors on the Somaliland freedom of speech and expression. Therefore, the media people neither have professionalism nor the knowledge to exercise media tasks. The central objective of this study is therefore, to examine the conditions of the Somaliland media and how the media deceive the public by dumping news which are contrary to the interests of the public at large. The study mainly relied on primary and secondary data includes individual interviews and discussions with the media people, politicians, academicians, and the public at large, while relevant literatures from books, journals, policy documents, among others were reviewed. The study suggests the necessity for addressing the challenges facing the media and the need for urgent legal, policy and institutional reforms to improve the level of Somaliland media, thus maintain the trust between the media for one hand, and the state and the public for the other.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134429830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of International Rights Laws and Migrants: Understanding Challenges and Problems","authors":"Hana Daud","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24608","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is a concept crucial to our understanding in the dawn of deepening globalization and the advance of science and technology. However, this is not a new phenomenon. It is as old as human history. Though migration has both negative and positive implications on human beings, it has emerged in the last few years as a critical political and policy challenge in matters such as integration, displacement, safe migration, and border management. This concept is one of the most debatable facets in international forums, however, the phenomenon of migration encompasses a wide variety of movements and situations involving people of all walks of life and backgrounds and touches all states and people in an era of deepening globalization. In this article, migration is referred as to a movement from one place to another which has both internal and external dimensions. Therefore, though migration in the olden days and nowadays has similarities, economic, social issues, political and governance-related factors, and ecological issues are regarded as its major cause in the contemporary world. This study is, therefore, aimed to examine the most challenges that face migrants in the receiving countries and how international human rights laws have never addressed the concerns and challenges that face migrants inside the boundaries of the receiving state.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122708530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Somalis make peace without justice?","authors":"M. Abdullahi","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24592","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the grounds for establishing a justice tribunal, international or otherwise, for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Somalia. It is argued that even a tribunal with a limited mandate, despite expected protestations from those liable to such crimes, would further peace and contribute towards healing wounds and bringing a closure to a painful era.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"209 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127323757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language Policy and Students’ Protests: The Case of Southern Sudan, 1960–2005","authors":"Yosa Wawa, Daniel Nyibong","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24605","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on Richard Ruiz’s language orientations and the constitution of UNESCO. The central objective of this article is to examine the role played language to escalate conflict and confrontations in the mainland of Sudan. In addition to existing literature on the issue, the study also relied on primary data and interviewed people who participated in those protests. One of the major findings of this study is the policy to use Arabic as a language of instruction in schools. The argument was that Arabic could bring about national unity. This policy was opposed in schools in Southern Sudan through students’ protests. The people in the South thought Arabic language was a disregard for their rich cultures, values, and beliefs. South Sudanese argued that Arabic was not indigenous to them and its use was going to result in poor performance in school examinations. In a way, these protests coupled with civil wars contributed to the secession of South Sudan.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123898207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}