Somaliland Peace and Development Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Jonglei Canal Project: South Sudan Students’ Protest, 1974","authors":"Yosa Wawa, Daniel Nyibong","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24612","url":null,"abstract":"In the northern part of South Sudan, due to the flatness of the terrain, the flow of the White Nile has been greatly slowed down resulting in the formation of vast swamps called sudd (barrier) in Arabic. The Dinka, Nuer and the Shilluk refer to this flood plain as toich. It is central to their livelihoods. In 1974 Egypt and Sudan agreed to construct a canal to divert the water of the White Nile away from the sudd area. This canal, referred to as the Jonglei Canal, was to run between Bor and Sobat River. Many people in South Sudan were opposed to the construction of this canal. Using rumours, they mobilized students to oppose the construction of the canal through strikes which resulted unfortunately in the killing of two students, closure of schools, and arrests or exiling of some politicians.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"43 10-11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120899781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Celebration of Independence to Disintegration: The Somaliland Experience in the Post-Failed Union with Somalia","authors":"Mohamed Ahmed","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24610","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130966322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenges and Opportunities of Good Governance in Somaliland","authors":"Muse Abdilahi","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24611","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of good governance has attracted public attention for the past decades and is regarded as a significant pillar in any state to meet universally accepted standards. It is essential for effective, stable, and accountable governments. It provides its citizens at all levels to acknowledge the best alternatives for promoting good governance, while poor governments instigate corruption and bad management in all public institutions. Ineffective leadership leads all institutions to fail. This study examines the challenges and opportunities of good governance in Somaliland with special emphasis on accountability, transparency, rule of law, and the participation of the citizens in the decision-making process. The study employed a qualitative method of data collection and analyzed it. The data emerged from both secondary and primary sources. The major findings of the study show that implementation of good governance principles is the crucial issue to be taken towards the prevention of poor leadership, corruption, nepotism, and unfair job recruitment systems happen in Somaliland which are current factors paralyzing the governance systems.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124832449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia and Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"J. Muhamed","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24603","url":null,"abstract":"This article makes a comparative analysis of the conditions of ethnicity, ethnic conflict, and the political order of federalism in Ethiopia and Nigeria. Both Ethiopia and Nigeria share common highly ethnically diversified and large numbers of the population, recurrent inter-ethnic conflict, and the adoption of federalism as a system of ethnic conflict management. Also, the two countries depict differences including the status of ethnicity in each country’s version of federalism. While ethnicity is accepted as a means of political mobilization and base of structuring the Ethiopian federation, the Nigerian model unwelcomed ethnic-based political mobilization, and exclusive claims over a particular geography. Despite such different considerations of ethnicity in relation to federal political order, Nigeria and Ethiopia have been hosting ethnic conflicts that negatively affect the countries’ peace and stability. Neither Ethiopian experiences of ethnic celebrating federalism nor the Nigerian model of geographic federalism is successful to mitigate ethnic conflicts. At the same time, both countries have not practiced democracy and built strong institutions. Based on the common denominators in both countries, this article argues that ethnicity as an explanatory factor to conflicts impedes alternative explanations to the conflicts in terms of ill-functioning democracy and institutions.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128816799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Ecological Knowledge and its Relevance to Sustainable Development","authors":"Naureen Rahim","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24606","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is directly linked to lands, animals, ecology, and natural resources. It is an ancient practice that continued through generations over generations linked to spirituality and sustainability. Often referred to as indigenous knowledge, TEK represents a collective understanding attained over time of the relationship between traditional communities and the earth. TEK is preserved primarily as an oral tradition and is passed from generation to generation through storytelling, ceremonies, arts, crafts, and songs, media that provide rich context and can flexibly evolve to incorporate new observations and understandings. In this background, this paper highlights the significance and challenges of recognizing TEK in ensuring sustainable development. Central to this understanding is how the TEK is related to the right to development among indigenous communities. The extent that the TEK can contribute to mitigating global challenges shall also be discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116565672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winning the US Presidential Nominations: The 2016 Presidential Primaries and Its Implication on Democracy","authors":"C. O. Barack","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24607","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes a look at the presidential primaries in the US, by providing the background and the different methods adopted by states in conducting the primaries. It has proceeded to highlight the importance of voter mobilization and the factors that play in voters’ mobilization for a candidate to win in the primaries. Subsequently, it answers the question; what accounted for the success of Trump and Clinton in the presidential primaries of 2016? This question has been answered based on two hypotheses around the candidate’s background and financial resources vis-à-vis success in primaries. It has employed both qualitative and quantitative data presented in tables and charts on the candidate’s background, finances, and spending. Further, it has discussed the background in light of the candidate’s familiarity with the voters’ and the interaction with finances both in terms of the amount the candidates were able to raise from different sources, the timing of the spending, and value obtained from the expenditures. While giving implications on democracy and the low voter turnout that characterized this election, the paper has concluded that Trump’s victory was majorly media-driven whereas, Clinton’s victory drew much impetus from the party elites.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130849777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict-induced Refugee Crisis and its Consequences on Access to Primary Education: An Analysis of the case of Central African Republic (CAR) Refugee Children Living in the East Region of Cameroon","authors":"W. Hermann","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24609","url":null,"abstract":"Cameroon currently hosts around half a million refugees from conflict affected neighbouring countries such as Nigeria and the Central African Republic (CAR). This article focuses on the rights to basic education in terms of access and enrolment for CAR refugee school-aged children who reside in the East Region of Cameroon. Based on a qualitative research approach and a combination of secondary and primary data, powered by a theoretical framework of analysis that is informed by the Rational Choice Theory of human behaviour; International Relations Theory of forced migration and refugees and the Global Public Policy Theory of international problems, the study arrives at important findings and conclusions. The study finds out that the educational challenges of CAR refugee children are multifaced and complex. Many have traumatic experiences and disrupted education. Moreover, they are tasked with adapting to a new educational system and culture. These factors among others have all interacted and intermingled to negatively affect CAR refugee children’s access to primary education in terms of enrolment and girls are excessively more disadvantaged. With this outcome, the paper concludes that the issue of poor access to education of refugee children is not merely due to dysfunctional organs of governments or the combination of challenges unfolded in this article but it is also a result of the ‘exclusionary impulses’ vis-à-vis the phenomenon of ‘refugee as the stranger other’ in many parts of the world, and such a state of affairs no doubt works against inclusionary policies advanced in many international conventions and instruments that give more attention to the protection of these vulnerable groups; thereby consolidating the fact that there are ambiguities and critical limits to the international solidarity policy of Refugee Protection. Hence, as a way of contributing to evidence-informed policy alternatives, the paper argues that any action towards a sustainable solution must be rights-based, person and human security-centred and tailored towards addressing the dual challenge faced by the refugee child: the helplessness of being a child and the complex challenges of being a refugee.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129687134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Droughts on Pastoralist and Agro-Pastoralist Women in Somaliland","authors":"Maria Abdilahi","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24599","url":null,"abstract":"Droughts have long been affecting the Somali society, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Although these persistent and recurrent droughts have affected all the members of the community in Somaliland, both in urban and rural areas, they have had a rather adverse impact on pastoral and agro-pastoral women. These vulnerable groups of society become victims of changing climate and ecological patterns than any other section of the community as droughts put greater risk on their livelihoods. This study assesses the impact of droughts on Somaliland’s pastoralist and agro-pastoralist women. The study has relied on both primary and secondary data. In the primary data, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed, while literature related to the subject were also reviewed. The study found that the pastoralist and agro-pastoralist women have struggled against long-lasting problems and difficulties, as most of them, if not all, have lost livestock and crops against the shocks of climate, and witnessed shortage or absence of rainwater and pasture. As a result, their social lives have suffered most and changed for the worst. However, there are no early mitigation measures for the onset of persistent and perilous recurrent droughts. Meanwhile, prolonged droughts continue to reduce the number of herds and crops owned by these hardworking women which significantly diminishes their sole source of income. While the negative impacts of drought are highly gendered, the responses from both the Somaliland Government and civil society organizations are highly holistic and don’t give attention to gendered impact. It is essential to make these responses gendered if there is a need to bring about change to the most marginalized parts of society – the women.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelations Between Education and Peace in Somaliland: Perceptions from University Students","authors":"Zuhur Yasin","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24601","url":null,"abstract":"Wars and violent conflicts inevitably affect institutions providing social services the most, including but not limited to, education and educational facilities of any country and the community within. The war and conflict with Somalia’s ruthless military regime from 1980–1991 in Somaliland affected both the facilities and their enrollment rate. The military deliberately shelled the urban centers and rural areas and all educational facilities across the country were in rubble and ruins. However, Somaliland citizens never gave up and have succeeded in their efforts to recover and rebuild their social, economic, and political infrastructures. In the mid-1990s, there were just a few primary schools. Since then, education has expanded rapidly with the number of primary and secondary schools rising quantitatively. Similarly, the prevalence of peace and stability has served as a vehicle of transformation and development, resulting in rising enrollment thereafter. This increase catalyzed the emergence of higher education institutions across the country. In line with this, defining and exploring the perception of the students towards the fragile, hard-earned peace and stability, and the role of the state is the central objective of this study. The study has utilized and analyzed both primary and secondary data. The conclusion suggests the need for re-visiting and re-conceptualizing of the curriculum in Somaliland to overcome the lackluster sense of nationalism apparent in its citizens. The outcome of this policy is entirely dependent on the integrated and collective approach of stakeholders to advance the nation’s education system, thereby sustaining the hard-won peace and stability in the state long-term.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115264460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Foreign Bases in the Horn of Africa: A Sign of Hope or a Dilemma in Regional Security","authors":"Amran Mohamoud","doi":"10.55569/spdj.24600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24600","url":null,"abstract":"The Horn of Africa has been a region of conflict and strife for the last six decades. The involvement of external powers and actors extremely impacted on the security and stability of the entire region. This study links the region’s instability to the presence of foreign military bases both before the demise of the Soviet Union and post-9/11. While the region has been a victim of geopolitical problems from the known history, which has taken a negative toll on the security of the region, re establishing foreign military bases in the Horn of Africa has implications for the security of the region in the long-term. Although re-establishing foreign military bases has benefited the region, for instance, in countering terrorism and combating piracy off the Somalian coast, the disadvantages loom large. This article argues that the political and economic engagements of the United Arab Emirates in this region affect the political and economic structures of the region, while disagreement between the Saudis, the Emirates, and the Egyptians on one side, Qatar and Turkey on the other, has exacerbated the region’s already deteriorating situation and its political uncertainty which challenges the security of the region. The study relied both on primary and secondary data for analyzing the security of the region.","PeriodicalId":163004,"journal":{"name":"Somaliland Peace and Development Journal","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117042325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}