Chang-Hoon Jeon, Ji Woong Park, Byung-Wook Kang, Suhyuk Jang, Kyung Joon Kwon, Soon‐Kwang Hong, Yong‐Min Ha, Jin Jang
{"title":"Analysis of heat diffusion considering driving images on 6-inch flexible AMOLED display","authors":"Chang-Hoon Jeon, Ji Woong Park, Byung-Wook Kang, Suhyuk Jang, Kyung Joon Kwon, Soon‐Kwang Hong, Yong‐Min Ha, Jin Jang","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2023.2169378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2023.2169378","url":null,"abstract":"We report the heat diffusion on flexible active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. Two-dimensional heat diffusion is used for the heat conduction and convection analysis, generated on the surface of a flexible AMOLED display. The heat diffusion parameters and the time constant are studied in terms of the driving conditions of a 6-inch flexible AMOLED display. The temperature distribution on the screen is obtained by applying heat diffusion using the finite difference method (FDM) with an FPGA driving board. We can predict temperature more precisely by calculating temperature changes according to the images. The proposed method improves the accuracy of predicting the temperature. The average and standard deviation of the temperature error (TER) are ∼0.5°C and ∼0.5°C for the proposed method, respectively. For the conventional method, the values are ∼4.5°C and ∼0.7°C, respectively, neglecting the increase in temperature based on the images. This method can be used in compensation technology for OLEDs and thin film transistors (TFTs) that require accurate temperature distribution on the screen.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48315086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sueon Lee, Min Jae Kim, Sang Ho Lee, Seung Hye Jeong, J. Kwon, J. Jeong
{"title":"Boosting coloration efficiency in an electrochromic device using an ITO/Ag/ITO multilayered electrode and porous WO3 chromic layer","authors":"Sueon Lee, Min Jae Kim, Sang Ho Lee, Seung Hye Jeong, J. Kwon, J. Jeong","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2023.2170486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2023.2170486","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High-performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) were fabricated by introducing indium tin oxide/silver/indium tin oxide (IAI) multilayers as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode in conjunction with microstructural tailoring of tungsten trioxide (WO3) as an electrochromic (EC) layer. A 15-nm-thick Ag film with a preferential orientation of (111) and smooth morphology resulted in a high optical transmittance of 90.9% and sheet resistance 16.7 Ω/sq, making it a suitable TCO. In addition, the open network WO3 film used as an EC layer was deposited by carefully controlling the chamber pressure during the sputtering process. A high chamber pressure (2.0 Pa) resulted in a WO3 film with the lowest mass density (5.72 g/cm3) and a rough morphology. Half-cell ECDs consisting of a TCO bottom electrode (BE)/WO3 stack immersed in LiClO4 electrolyte were fabricated to verify the impact of using the IAI multi-layer stack and tailored WO3 film as a TCO and EC layer, respectively. Significant enhancement in terms of coloration efficiency was achieved for the ECDs by adopting the IAI TCO and open network WO3 EC layer compared to counterpart devices with an ITO TCO or dense WO3 EC film. This can be explained by the facile carrier extraction (injection) and transport of Li ions.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43569001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Choi, Chan Woo Park, B. Na, Jong-Heon Yang, J. Na, JaeEun Pi, Hee‐Ok Kim, Chi-Sun Hwang, Seunghyup Yoo
{"title":"Highly stable Mo/Al bilayer electrode for stretchable electronics","authors":"J. Choi, Chan Woo Park, B. Na, Jong-Heon Yang, J. Na, JaeEun Pi, Hee‐Ok Kim, Chi-Sun Hwang, Seunghyup Yoo","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2163313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2163313","url":null,"abstract":"Highly-stable molybdenum/aluminum (Mo/Al) bilayered electrodes have been demonstrated as promising candidates for use in stretchable electronics. The serpentine-shaped Mo/Al bilayer electrode is shown to be operable with up to 220% elongation and no significant change in resistance. In Al-only electrodes, Al penetrates into the polyimide (PI) because of its high chemical reactivity with PI. This issue can be overcome by inserting Mo underneath the Al layer, blocking the reaction between Al and PI and enabling the formation of robust and highly conductive stretchable electrodes. With the proposed bilayer electrodes, stretchable thin-film transistor arrays that can be operated even when elongated up to 220% are realized. The fabricated devices exhibit very stable device performance under highly stretched conditions.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49035149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance evaluation of dual-layer architectures for high dynamic range head mounted displays","authors":"Miaomiao Xu, H. Hua","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2154861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2154861","url":null,"abstract":"A high dynamic range head mounted display (HDR-HMD) using a dual-layer per-pixel modulation method was recently demonstrated where both the display and modulation layers spatially overlap with an equal pixel resolution and are well-aligned to each other such that per-pixel dynamic range modulation becomes feasible. Besides the per-pixel modulation method, two other modulation methods can also be implemented via a dual-layer construction: the extended layer separation method where the display and modulation layers are largely separated in space, and the coarse backlight method where the display and modulation layers have largely different pixel resolutions such that the modulation layer may be treated as a locally-controllable backlight to the display layer. In this paper, we develop a generalize model to simulate the image formation process of dual-layer HDR displays and to evaluate the image performance of these different configurations and modulation methods. Maximum displayable spatial frequencies under different configurations are characterized. Experimental results using resolution targets support the model.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49561351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-ended amplifier-based touch readout circuit with immunity to display noise","authors":"Yongsang Yoo, B. Choi","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2154863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2154863","url":null,"abstract":"To suppress errors in a touch readout circuit due to display noise, differential sensing using fully differential amplifiers is widely used. However, conventional differential sensing methods require additional circuits or increase circuit complexity, thus increasing power consumption and circuit area or requiring additional dummy RX line on the touch panel. In this study, we propose a compact touch readout circuit composed of a single-ended amplifier while keeping the display noise suppression of differential sensing so as to minimize power consumption and circuit area increase and avoid the need for additional dummy RX line. The proposed touch readout circuit for is fabricated in circuit area of 0.4 mm2 with 0.35 µm 3.3 V CMOS process and measured for 10.1-inch touch panel on top of a TFT-LCD panel. With the proposed touch readout circuit, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved by up to 13.1 dB compared to the conventional touch readout circuit using single-ended amplifiers.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile control of p-type SnO TFT performance with restraining redox reaction by ITO interlayers","authors":"Su-Hwan Choi, Hye-mi Kim, Jinsin Park","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2151522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2151522","url":null,"abstract":"By comparing Ni and ITO electrodes of SnO TFT, we find a facile method to control p-type SnO TFT performance. A Ni-electrode TFT has a high field-effect mobility of 3.3 cm2/Vs and a low on/off current ratio of 3.6 × 101. Compared to Ni, ITO-electrode TFT has low field-effect mobility of 1.4 cm2/Vs and a high on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 103. Using various analysis methods, we suggested why the electrical properties of SnO TFT differed depending on the electrode materials. First, a redox reaction occurs at the interface of SnO and Ni during the post-annealing process. Second, Ni has an ohmic-like contact formation with SnO, which lowers the Schottky barrier height of carriers. ITO ILs are adopted to Ni electrode to reduce the off-current by hindering the redox reaction. The off-current of TFTs is effectively reduced with ITO ILs as thickness increases. An ITO IL that is 10-nm thick yields the optimum electrical properties: field-effect mobility of 2.5 cm2/Vs, Ion/Ioff of 1.7 × 103 and Vth shift under NBS of −1.4 V.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45563714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Liang, AN Liang, Irán R. Román, Tomer Weiss, Budmonde Duinkharjav, J. Bello, Qi Sun
{"title":"Reconstructing room scales with a single sound for augmented reality displays","authors":"Benjamin Liang, AN Liang, Irán R. Román, Tomer Weiss, Budmonde Duinkharjav, J. Bello, Qi Sun","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2145377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2145377","url":null,"abstract":"Perception and reconstruction of our 3D physical environment is an essential task with broad applications for Augmented Reality (AR) displays. For example, reconstructed geometries are commonly leveraged for displaying 3D objects at accurate positions. While camera-captured images are a frequently used data source for realistically reconstructing 3D physical surroundings, they are limited to line-of-sight environments, requiring time-consuming and repetitive data-capture techniques to capture a full 3D picture. For instance, current AR devices require users to scan through a whole room to obtain its geometric sizes. This optical process is tedious and inapplicable when the space is occluded or inaccessible. Audio waves propagate through space by bouncing from different surfaces, but are not 'occluded' by a single object such as a wall, unlike light. In this research, we aim to ask the question ‘can one hear the size of a room?’. To answer that, we propose an approach for inferring room geometries only from a single sound, which we define as an audio wave sequence played from a single loud speaker, leveraging deep learning for decoding implicitly-carried spatial information from a single speaker-and-microphone system. Through a series of experiments and studies, our work demonstrates our method's effectiveness at inferring a 3D environment's spatial layout. Our work introduces a robust building block in multi-modal layout reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noh-Hwal Park, Eun-Sol Shin, G. Ryu, Jimin Kwon, Dongseob Ji, Hyunjin Park, Yunkon Kim, Yong‐Young Noh
{"title":"High performance carbon nanotubes thin film transistors by selective ferric chloride doping","authors":"Noh-Hwal Park, Eun-Sol Shin, G. Ryu, Jimin Kwon, Dongseob Ji, Hyunjin Park, Yunkon Kim, Yong‐Young Noh","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2141362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2141362","url":null,"abstract":"Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have been a significant research topic as active layers for thin film transistors (TFTs) due to their high charge carrier mobility beyond that of crystalline silicon. In this study, we report an effective approach to achieve a very high field-effect mobility and on/off ratio for solution processed semiconducting SWNT TFTs, by selective doping through contact with a thin ferric chloride (FeCl3) dopant layer. The semiconducting layer is formed by a double spin coating of the highly purified (>99%) high pressure carbon mono oxide (HiPCO) SWNT sorted by wrapping of poly (3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3DDT). In order to achieve effective hole injection from the top Au source electrode without increasing the off-state drain current, less purified (98-99%) SWNTs produced by the plasma discharge process sorted by wrapping of poly (9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFDD) are formed on the top of HiPCO film. Significantly improved TFT performance is achieved by the insertion of a few nanometers of a FeCl3 dopant layer at the semiconductor-contact interface. A significant high hole field-effect of 48.35 ± 3.11 cm2V−1s−1 (bare: 6.18 ± 0.87 cm2V−1s−1) with a reasonable on/off current ratio of 105, and low off current of ∼80 pA, are obtained by controlling the concentration of FeCl3 dopant (thickness = 1.5 nm) at the contact. Mobility is improved further at 2.5 nm thickness of the FeCl3 dopant layer resulting in a hole mobility of 177 ± 13.2 cm2 V−1s−1, an on/off ratio of 7.4 × 103, and off state current of 1.2 × 10−9 A.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45175988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical simulation for the bending process of the AMOLED panel pad","authors":"Dirui Wu, Yongzhen Jia, Dunming Liao, Boding Zhang, Chen Liu, Ningning Wang, Wenjing Peng, Liting Huang","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2139301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2139301","url":null,"abstract":"Panel pad bending is a critical process to improve the screen-to-body ratio of an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) panel. The failure analysis of the metal wirings is the key to ensure the reliability of signal transmission when the pad be bent to the back of the panel. In the present work, the sub-modeling technique combined with the periodic boundary condition was used to simulate the stress distribution of the bending area of the pad. The progressive failure of bent metal wirings was investigated by the extended finite element method. It is proved to be rational to prevent the wirings damage if the interlayer dielectric is replaced by an organic layer. In order to reduce stress of metal wirings, it is a measure to replace the original ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesive with a higher-modulus UV adhesive. The simulated results also show that rectangular perforations can avoid the stress concentration caused by the holes compared with circular perforations. For better stress distribution of metal wirings, it is necessary to increase the lengths of the rectangular holes and decrease the widths of that to a certain extent, which is helpful for restraining crack propagation by means of low-stress zones and holes.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji-Min Park, S. Jang, Seoung Min Lee, Min-Ho Kang, K. Chung, Hyunsook Kim
{"title":"Oxide thin-film transistors based on i-line stepper process for high PPI displays","authors":"Ji-Min Park, S. Jang, Seoung Min Lee, Min-Ho Kang, K. Chung, Hyunsook Kim","doi":"10.1080/15980316.2022.2139769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2022.2139769","url":null,"abstract":"Indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a 1 um channel length were successfully fabricated by i-line lithography with a stepper process, resulting in high throughput. The a-IGZO TFT with a channel length of 1 μm exhibits high mobility of 8.77 cm2/Vs with an on/off current ratio of >3 × 1010. The stepper lithography process is capable of defect-free patterning given its precise layer-to-layer alignment and high image resolutions of the types required for large-area high-PPI displays. Consequently, IGZO TFTs can be fabricated on an 8-inch wafer with only minor electrical property deviations in the turn-on voltage, mobility, and on/off ratio. These results indicate that i-line lithography with a stepper process is a promising process for use in cutting-edge large-area electronics industries.","PeriodicalId":16257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Display","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42420967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}