Proceedings of " Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention" Conference最新文献

{"title":"\"Genocide Sociological study \"","authors":"شيرين محمد كاظم حسين","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/4","url":null,"abstract":"\"Abstract The research deals with some of the social factors causing the genocide to which they have exposed humanity According to a sociological perspective; the research deals mainly with the problem of the culture of collective violence, intolerance towards the other, and the collective spirit of the perpetrators of the crime of genocide. It also deals with the elements of social peace, as they are essential tools in building peace and curbing the idea of genocide in a society. The research comprised three axes, the first on the study concepts and terminology, the second on sociology and genocide, the third on social factors and their role in committing genocide, and the fourth on the elements of social peace to limit genocide. \"","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121232931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The forced displacement of Jews in Iraq and the manifestations of return In the movie \"Venice of the East\"","authors":"Kawthar M. Ali Jabara","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/1","url":null,"abstract":"The character of the Jew was absent from Iraqi cinematic works, while it was present in many Arab cinematic works produced in other Arab countries, and the manner of presenting these characters and the goals behind choosing that method differed. While this character was absent from the Iraqi cinematic narration, it was present in the Iraqi novelist narration, especially after the year 2003. Its presence in the Iraqi narration was diverse, due to the specificity of the Iraqi Jewish character and its attachment to the idea of being an Iraqi citizen, and the exclusion and forced displacement that Jews were subjected to in the modern history of Iraq. This absence in the cinematic texts is a continuation of this enforced absence. The Jewish character was never present in the Iraqi cinematic narration, as far as we know, except in one short fictional movie, which is the subject of this research. The research dealt with the movie “Venice of the East 2018” by screenwriter Mustafa Sattar Al-Rikabi and director Bahaa Al-Kazemi. We chose this movie for several reasons, some technical and some non-technical. One of the non-technical reasons is that feature cinematic texts rarely dealt with Jewish characters. The movie is the only Iraqi feature movie, according to our knowledge, produced after 2003, dealt with these characters, and assumed that one of them would return to Iraq. Therefore, our choice was while we were thinking of a research sample dealing with the personality of the Iraqi Jew and what is related to him and how it was expressed graphically. As for the technical reasons, it is due to the quality of the cinematic language level that the director employed to express what he wants in this movie, whose only hero is the character of the unnamed Jewish man played by the Iraqi actor (Sami Kaftan). As well as, many of the signs contained in the visual text that provide indications that may be conscious or unconscious of the situation of this segment of Iraqis, and this will become clear in the course of the research. 4 The research is divided into a number of subjects, including historical theory and applied cinema. The historical subjects included a set of points, namely (the Jews who they are and where they live) and (their presence in Iraq). The research then passed on the existence of (the Jewish character in the Iraqi narrative narrative), and how the Iraqi novelist dealt with the Jew in his novels after 2003, and does the Iraqi narration distinguish between the Jew and the Israeli or the Zionist. The applied part of the research followed, and included a (critical view of the movie) and then passed on the cinematic narration of events in the last subject (the narration of the cinematography). We studied the cinematic narration from three perspectives (cinematic shots, camera movement, camera angle and point of view), the research concluded with a set of results from criticism and analysis. It is worth mentioning that this research is an integral pa","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116974352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Requirements for promoting a culture of peaceful coexistence and inclusion In the city of Mosul An analytical study from a social perspective \"","authors":"Hamdan Ramdhan Mhammed","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/3","url":null,"abstract":"\" The current research aims to identify the nature and reality of peaceful coexistence in the city of Mosul, by determining its levels and assessing its social dimensions among its various components in the city, for the purpose of reaching the possibility of developing the feelings of its members and activating their role in achieving harmony and harmony, accepting the other, living in luxury, etc. Positive in providing stability and social and political security and identifying the resulting problems. As the importance of this research is revealed in revealing the basic dimensions of peaceful coexistence between the various social components in the city of Mosul and identifying the manifestations of these dimensions and their factors depending on measuring the extent of the cohesion of individuals and accepting or rejecting coexistence among them. This is because identifying this reality and the dimensions, manifestations and factors that support and affect it and are related to it would facilitate the consolidation of its activities and social relations between these social components in the social reality of the city. Not to mention that, the contemporary Iraqi street, specifically the city of Mosul after the American occupation of Iraq, witnessed problems and disturbances that humanity has not witnessed throughout the history of its civilized development, which affected social construction, and these problems crystallized and were born due to several reasons and accumulated reasons and silence their shape and content in the Iraqi scene, so the individuals in the city. They are more influential because they are more interacting with each other in social reality, and it is from these bases that the importance of the subject we are studying comes from. \"","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134099883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide","authors":"علاء أبو الحسن اسماعيل","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2","url":null,"abstract":"        If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genocide continues to excrete its remnants and consequences for long years and for successive generations, and it may generate grudges of revenge  among generations that did not receive the adequate awareness and psychological support which are necessary to rehabilitate these generations to benefit from the tragedies and bitter experiences of life to turn them into lessons and incentives to achieve progress and advancement. Genocide is a deadly poison whose toxic effect extends from generations to others unless it is wisely controlled. Here the role of the international community and its legal, legislative and humanitarian stance from these crimes is so important and supportive.              Genocide can be occurred on two levels: external and internal. As for genocide on the external level: this is what happened at the hands of foreign powers against a certain people for colonial and expansionist goals in favor of the occupier or usurper. There are many examples throughout history, such as the Ottoman and British occupations...etc      Whereas genocide at the internal level, can be defined as the repressive actions that governments practice against their own people for goals that could be extremist, racist or dictatorial, such as t \"\"Al-Anfal\"\" massacre in 1988 carried out by the previous regime against the Kurds in the Kurdistan region.  The number of victims amounted at one hundred thousand martyrs, most of them were innocent and unarmed people from children, women and the elderly, and also the genocide which was practiced against of the organizers of Al-Shaibania Revolution in 1991 was another example of genocide in the internal level.       It is possible to deduce a third level between the external and internal levels, which is the genocide that is done at the hands of internal elements from the people of the country, but in implementation of external agendas, for example, the scenes of organized and systematic sectarian killing that we witnessed daily  during  (2007) and (2008), followed by dozens of bloody explosions in various regions throughout the capital, which unfortunately was practiced by the people of the country who were misguided elements in order to destabilize the security of the country and we did not know until this moment in favor of which external party!!             In the three aforementioned cases, nothing can justify the act of ","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115633753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"طوىدەى ضةزمؤزد ضةزةتايةن بؤ دةضت ثيَلى ثسؤضةى ئةىفال","authors":"Hazhar Hoshyar Mahdi","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/62","url":null,"abstract":"\"ميَرووى دامةشزاىدىى دةوهَةتى عيَساق هة ضةدةى زابسدوو كوزد وكو ىةتةوةى دووةو هة دووزضت بووىى ئةو دةوهَةتةدا قوزباىى شؤزى داوة ٍةزجازةوة بة غيَوة و غيواشيَلى و ىاويم هة اليةٌ دةضةهَات دازىةوة ئةجنامدزاوة بة مةبةضتى هة ىاوبسدىى ٍةموو يا بةغيَم هة ىةتةوى كوزد و ثيطةى خاكى كوزدضتاىيؼ هة ىيواٌ ضواز دوهَةتاىدا ٍةزيةكة هة وهَاتاىى توزكيا و ئرياٌ و عيَساق و ضووزيا شياتس ٍؤكازى هةىاوبسدىى ئةو ىةتةوةية بووٌ . مً دةو ويَت باع هة باغووزى كوزدضتاٌ بلةو كة دةكاتة باكووزى عيَساق و يةكيَلة هةو تاواىة طةوزةى ئةجنامدزا ،ثسؤضةى تاواىى ئةىفال بوو هة ضةز دةضتى زذيَنى بةعطى و دةضةالت دازاىى عيَساق بوو هة ضةدةى زابسدوو هة ضاالىى )1987-1988 )بوو بةزامبةز بة ىةتةوةى كوزد ئةجناو دزا . هيَسةدا بؤ بسيازداٌ هةضةز ئةو تاواىةثيوضتيناٌ بة ضةىديً زيَلاز و توَيرييةوة ى شاىطتى ودؤكؤميَيت ٍةية بؤ ضةملاىديً مةبةضتى تاواىلازى كة دةزخطتيى كازيطةزى تاواىةكة هة ضةز قوزباىياٌ . طوىدى ضةزمؤزد يةكةو طوىدى قوىاغى يةكة ئةىفال بوو ويةكيَلة بوو هةو (4732 (طوىدةى كوزدضتاٌ كة هة ثسؤضةى ئةىفاهدا تةختة كسا داىيػتواىى طوىدة كة كؤكساىةوة ثاغاٌ بةزةو شييداٌ بساٌ، ئةماىيؼ بة غيَم بووٌ هةو )182000 )قوزباىى يةكة هة ثسؤضةى ئةىفاهدا بووٌ بة قوزباىى \"","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121997868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"سّردية الإرهاب والإبادة في رواية (رقصة الجديلة والنهر) لوفاء عبد الرزاق/ مقاربة سيميائية","authors":"محمد فيج الكيدي","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/17","url":null,"abstract":"سّردية الإرهاب والإبادة في رواية (رقصة الجديلة والنهر) لوفاء عبد الرزاق/ مقاربة سيميائية","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129066935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ئةْفاٍ و جيٓؤطايذ ية سِواْطةي ػةسيعةت و ياطادا","authors":"Omar Mahmood Barznjy","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133863528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\" Stages of Genocide Against the Kurds in Iraq 1975 – 1988 Historical study\"","authors":".نزار علوان عبدالله","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/57","url":null,"abstract":"Following the collapse of the Kurdish revolution in 1975 in the wake of Algiers Agreement1975 between Iraq and Iran, the governing Baath regime in Baghdad found itself free against the National Kurdish Movement, carrying out a series of genocide and ethnic cleansing operations against Kurds in Iraq. The government lunched wide arrest campaign against members of Kurdish opposition and destroyed many border villages in order to create a 20-kilometer security belt alongside the borders with Turkey and Iran with mines planted there. That area was declared to be a military zone accessed only by the Iraqi army. That required evacuating 500 villages which caused thousands of Kurds to seek refuge in Iran in fear of apprehension or murder. These developments were accompanied by a displacement process carried out by the Iraqi government on March 31st 1975 against member of Al-Barzani clan in Barzan area, who were displaced to the desert in Al-Qadisiya province and were only allowed to return to Kurdistan in the 1980 in the condition that they do not go back to their original areas. This was followed by the Anfal campaign which destroyed more than four thousand villages and displaced more than half a million Kurds to the Iraqi southern deserts while other thousands fled to Iran. It was in the Anfal campaign that the tragedy of Halabja occurred where chemical weapons were used on March 16th 1988 causing the death of more than five thousand Kurds and horrible unprecedented scene.","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134339738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\" The International Legal Background for the Protection of Children in Armed Conflict ((Yezidies Case)) \"","authors":"Aram Nabee Mohammed, Nishtiman Othman Mohammed, Atifa Kabir Ahmad","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/27","url":null,"abstract":"\"Abstract: This research focus on the protection right of children in armed conflict. Some time, children recruited and used in hostilities as a fighter by armed forces or armed groups. For instance, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has recruited thousands of children to commit international crimes like genocide, war crime and crime against humanity. In addition, the research explains the abusing and trafficking children for sexual purposes. For example, in Iraq ISIS forces raped Yezidy girls and then used in armed conflict. Furthermore, during armed conflict children face refugee and internal displacement. Moreover, the research analyse the effects of armed conflict on children especially when armed forces attack hospitals and schools and kill them. The research tries to answer the questions, why the children are the purpose? What is the responsibility of children when they participate in hostilities? What is the minimum age of children to participate in hostilities? Is it legal to involve children in armed conflict?\"","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130740087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genocide in Halabja","authors":"لمى ابراهيم عزيز حسين","doi":"10.21928/uhdicpgp/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/8","url":null,"abstract":"\"Halabja: It is an Iraqi city located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, near the Iranian border, about 8-10 miles away, 150 miles away from Baghdad and located in the southeast of the city of Sulaymaniyah. It is one of the important cities that contains many mosques, shrines and shrines. In 1985, this city was subjected to the former regime's aerial bombardment, where more than 450 Kurdish villages were bombed, 300 citizens executed within one month, and internationally prohibited chemical weapons were used. The Iraqi regime’s violations of human rights continued to reach their climax in 1988, which was known as the Halabja events, which will be the subject of our research, the Halabja massacre, which took place at the end of the first Gulf War or what is known as the Iran-Iraq war from 16-17 March 1988, the killing of Kurdish civilians and the use of chemical weapons against them and the effects of a war The first Gulf and the breach of the international treaty through the use of chemical weapons that are banned internationally, as well as international reports on human rights violations in Halabja, which left about 5,000 martyrs, most of whom are residents of the region, and we will also clarify who is responsible for the events of Halabja, and the truth can be highlighted through documents and evidence The editorial in the Halabja case, where these documents included information about chemical weapons in handwriting and not in a printer to evade responsibility. The document talks about the production and accumulation of chemical agents by the former regime and the intention of the former regime to strike them when necessary, in addition to other documents that we will address through the research, There is also an appendix with the names of a number of companies involved in supplying the government at that time with unconventional weapons, including missile weapons and other weapons Chemical materials and advanced technology, and this is very clear in the violation of human rights by extremely barbaric repressive methods and means, and northern Iraq has become the scene of these crimes that have been circulated between international press agencies and television screens, articles, photos and documentaries expressing the horror of the calamity and the magnitude of the tragedy. Well-known international documents and documents and what Halabja has been exposed to are classified within the concept of genocide wars. This type of war is not attended by all international laws and segments only, but also the simplest rules of behavior and human and civilized interaction between people belonging to the human race. We will also show the issue of Halabja in the corridors of the Iraqi Parliament, which was during the session on 7/3/2011 of the second electoral cycle, the first legislative year, the second legislative term in the Iraqi Council of Representatives, held in Baghdad, by submitting a proposal to the Council of Representatives regarding the posit","PeriodicalId":162486,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of \" Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention\" Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126010093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}