Florence Petit, Louise Devisme, Dimitri Tchernitchko, Olivia Domanski, Cecilia Gonzalez-Corcia, Lidwine Wemeau-Stervinou, Sophie Lejeune
{"title":"Cardiac rhabdomyoma: a rare feature of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.","authors":"Florence Petit, Louise Devisme, Dimitri Tchernitchko, Olivia Domanski, Cecilia Gonzalez-Corcia, Lidwine Wemeau-Stervinou, Sophie Lejeune","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110349","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is a rare autosomal disorder, primarily characterised in adults by cutaneous features, pulmonary cysts that predispose to spontaneous pneumothorax and renal tumours. The syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in the <i>FLCN</i> tumour suppressor gene, which plays a role in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. We present the case of a newborn infant diagnosed with BHDS, who died of sudden cardiac death due to complications from cardiac rhabdomyoma. This is only the second reported case of such an association. Both cases were initially misdiagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex, highlighting the diagnostic challenges. We discuss this differential diagnosis and suggest that cardiac rhabdomyomas, although rare, may be associated with BHDS and potentially life threatening. Therefore, we recommend cardiac screening in newborns at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1116-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivier Niel, Ancuta Caliment, Charlotte Hougardy, Olivier Monestier, Karin Dahan
{"title":"K acetyltransferase 2B (<i>KAT2B</i>) variants can be responsible for early onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.","authors":"Olivier Niel, Ancuta Caliment, Charlotte Hougardy, Olivier Monestier, Karin Dahan","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110142","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In children, 15% of nephrotic syndromes are steroid-resistant (SRNS); approximately 30% of early onset SRNS have a genetic origin, with more than 100 causal genes described so far. SRNS can be syndromic, if associated with signs and symptoms affecting other organs or systems, such as the central nervous system, the heart or the eyes. Patients with SRNS are at high risk of chronic kidney disease and progressive renal failure, and as such need multidisciplinary care, centred on renal protection. Recently, K acetyltransferase 2B (<i>KAT2B</i>) loss of function was identified as a risk factor for morphological and functional defects in Drosophila nephrocytes; in vitro knockdown of <i>KAT2B</i> also impaired the adhesion and migration ability of human podocytes.Here we provide the first clinical description of a family affected by a loss of function mutation of <i>KAT2B</i> Clinically, both siblings presented with early onset SRNS and bilateral cataract, without neurological or heart defects. Renal function was maintained in the teenage years; nephrotic-range proteinuria was insensitive to immunosuppressive therapies. Therefore, mutations of <i>KAT2B</i> should be sought in patients with unexplained syndromic SRNS affecting the eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1113-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D Gareth Evans, Emma Burkitt-Wright, John Ealing, Grace Vassello, Judith Eelloo, Alexander Lee
{"title":"Six at Sixty. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in NF1: 20-year review of a highly cited paper.","authors":"D Gareth Evans, Emma Burkitt-Wright, John Ealing, Grace Vassello, Judith Eelloo, Alexander Lee","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110396","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1132-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy Loong, Catherine Huntley, Joanna Pethick, Fiona McRonald, Francesco Santaniello, Brian Shand, Oliver Tulloch, Shilpi Goel, Margreet Lüchtenborg, Sophie Allen, Bethany Torr, Katie Snape, Angela George, Fiona Lalloo, Gail Norbury, Diana M Eccles, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C Antoniou, Paul Pharoah, Adam Shaw, Eva Morris, John Burn, Kevin Monahan, Steven Hardy, Clare Turnbull
{"title":"Lynch syndrome diagnostic testing pathways in endometrial cancers: a nationwide English registry-based study.","authors":"Lucy Loong, Catherine Huntley, Joanna Pethick, Fiona McRonald, Francesco Santaniello, Brian Shand, Oliver Tulloch, Shilpi Goel, Margreet Lüchtenborg, Sophie Allen, Bethany Torr, Katie Snape, Angela George, Fiona Lalloo, Gail Norbury, Diana M Eccles, Marc Tischkowitz, Antonis C Antoniou, Paul Pharoah, Adam Shaw, Eva Morris, John Burn, Kevin Monahan, Steven Hardy, Clare Turnbull","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110231","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For female patients with Lynch syndrome (LS), endometrial cancer (EC) is often their first cancer diagnosis. A testing pathway of somatic tumour testing triage followed by germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene testing is an effective way of identifying the estimated 3% of EC caused by LS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective national population-based observational study was conducted using comprehensive national data collections of functional, somatic and germline MMR tests available via the English National Cancer Registration Dataset. For all EC diagnosed in 2019, the proportion tested, median time to test, yield of abnormal results and factors influencing testing pathway initiation were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was an immunohistochemistry (IHC) or microsatellite instability (MSI) test recorded for 17.8% (1408/7928) of patients diagnosed with EC in 2019. Proportions tested varied by Cancer Alliance and age. There was an <i>MLH1</i> promoter hypermethylation test recorded for 43.1% (149/346) of patients with MLH1 protein IHC loss or MSI. Of patients with EC eligible from tumour-testing, 25% (26/104) had a germline MMR test recorded. Median time from cancer diagnosis to germline MMR test was 315 days (IQR 222-486).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis highlights the regional variation in recorded testing, patient attrition, delays and missed opportunities to diagnose LS, providing an informative baseline for measuring the impact of the national guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence on universal reflex LS testing in EC, implemented in 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1080-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanan Wang, Zhenhua Zhao, Fei Meng, Xiangdong Kong
{"title":"Accurate prenatal diagnosis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1 using nanopore sequencing.","authors":"Yanan Wang, Zhenhua Zhao, Fei Meng, Xiangdong Kong","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109832","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2023-109832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1 (FSHD1) is an autosomal dominant muscular disorder mainly caused by the contraction and hypomethylation of the D4Z4 repeat array in chromosome 4q35. Prenatal diagnosis of FSHD1 is challenging due to the highly repetitive and long genomic structure. In this study, a pregnant woman diagnosed with FSHD1 using optical genome mapping sought assistance for a healthy offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At the 17th week of gestation, she underwent amniocentesis, and genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from amniocytes. Whole-genome sequencing of the gDNA was performed using the nanopore MinION platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite a sequencing depth of only 7.3×, bioinformatic analyses revealed that the fetus inherited four D4Z4 repeat units with the permissive 4qA from the mother and the eight D4Z4 repeat units with the non-permissive 4qB from the father. To validate the results, SNP-based linkage analyses were conducted with gDNA from the proband, the proband's father and proband's amniocytes. Results indicated that the fetus inherited the maternal pathogenic haplotype based on 144 informative SNPs. Linkage analysis was consistent with the nanopore sequencing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nanopore sequencing proves to be an accurate and direct method for genetic testing of monogenic diseases at the single-nucleotide level. This study represents the first application of nanopore sequencing in the prenatal diagnosis of FSHD1, providing a significant advantage for patients with de novo mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1096-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaine Suk-Ying Goh, Lauren Chad, Julie Richer, Yvonne Bombard, Chloe Mighton, Ron Agatep, Melanie Lacaria, Blaine Penny, Mary Ann Thomas, Ma'n H Zawati, Julie MacFarlane, Anne-Marie Laberge, Tanya N Nelson
{"title":"Canadian College of Medical Geneticists: clinical practice advisory document - responsibility to recontact for reinterpretation of clinical genetic testing.","authors":"Elaine Suk-Ying Goh, Lauren Chad, Julie Richer, Yvonne Bombard, Chloe Mighton, Ron Agatep, Melanie Lacaria, Blaine Penny, Mary Ann Thomas, Ma'n H Zawati, Julie MacFarlane, Anne-Marie Laberge, Tanya N Nelson","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110330","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advances in technology and knowledge have facilitated both an increase in the number of patient variants reported and variants reclassified. While there is currently no duty to recontact for reclassified genetic variants, there may be a responsibility. The purpose of this clinical practice advisory document is to provide healthcare practitioners guidance for recontact of previously identified and classified variants, suggest methods for recontact, and principles to consider, taking account patient safety, feasibility, ethical considerations, health service capacity and resource constraints. The target audience are practitioners who order genetic testing, follow patients who have undergone genetic testing and those analysing and reporting genetic testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary group of laboratory and ordering clinicians, patient representatives, ethics and legal researchers and a genetic counsellor from the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors reviewed the existing literature and guidelines on responsibility to recontact in a clinical context to make recommendations. Comments were collected from the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) Education, Ethics, and Public Policy, Clinical Practice and Laboratory Practice committees, and the membership at large.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following incorporation of feedback, and external review by the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors and patient groups, the document was approved by the CCMG Board of Directors. The CCMG is the Canadian organisation responsible for certifying laboratory and medical geneticists who provide medical genetics services, and for establishing professional and ethical standards for clinical genetics services in Canada.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The document describes the ethical and practical factors and suggests a shared responsibility between patients, ordering clinician and laboratory practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1123-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chihiro Abe-Hatano, Ken Inoue, Eri Takeshita, Yosuke Kawai, Katsushi Tokunaga, Yu-Ichi Goto
{"title":"<i>WDR45</i> variants as a major cause for a clinically variable intellectual disability syndrome from early infancy in females.","authors":"Chihiro Abe-Hatano, Ken Inoue, Eri Takeshita, Yosuke Kawai, Katsushi Tokunaga, Yu-Ichi Goto","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110068","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenic variants of WD repeat domain 45 (<i>WDR45</i>) cause neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5 (NBIA5), which is characterised by progressive neurological regression and brain iron accumulation in adulthood. Early diagnosis of NBIA5 patients is difficult because they often show only a non-specific developmental delay in childhood, but it is essential for lifelong medical management. We investigated 32 females with developmental delays for coding variants of <i>WDR45</i> using Sanger sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and X chromosome inactivation (XCI) analysis were also performed. We identified two disease-causing variants, one of which was a novel stop-loss variant, c.1051delG p.(Val351CysfsTer60), in a female with severe developmental delay from early infancy with epileptic spasms. The XCI analysis (which we originally developed) suggested a random pattern in white blood cells. WGS did not reveal any other pathogenic variants, including those in two iron transporter genes. Together with our previous findings in the WGS study, <i>WDR45</i> variants accounted for 12% (6/51) of the females with developmental delay, suggesting that <i>WDR45</i> is a major gene in females with developmental delay. Pathogenic variants of <i>WDR45</i> result in various phenotypes that do not necessarily correlate with variant types or XCI skewing patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1119-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian C Kavanaugh, Jennifer Elacio, Carrie R Best, Danielle G St Pierre, Matthew F Pescosolido, Qing Ouyang, John Biedermann, Rebecca S Bradley, Judy S Liu, Richard N Jones, Eric M Morrow
{"title":"Christianson syndrome across the lifespan: genetic mutations and longitudinal study in children, adolescents, and adults.","authors":"Brian C Kavanaugh, Jennifer Elacio, Carrie R Best, Danielle G St Pierre, Matthew F Pescosolido, Qing Ouyang, John Biedermann, Rebecca S Bradley, Judy S Liu, Richard N Jones, Eric M Morrow","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109973","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-109973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mutations in the X-linked endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) cause Christianson syndrome (CS). Here, in the largest study to date, we examine genetic diversity and clinical progression in CS into adulthood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected as part of the International Christianson Syndrome and <i>NHE6</i> (<i>SLC9A6</i>) Gene Network Study. 44 individuals with 31 unique <i>NHE6</i> mutations, age 2-32 years, were followed prospectively, herein reporting baseline, 1 year follow-up and retrospective natural history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present data on the CS phenotype with regard to physical growth and adaptive and motor regression across the lifespan including information on mortality. Longitudinal data on body weight and height were examined using a linear mixed model. The rate of growth across development was slow and resulted in prominently decreased age-normed height and weight by adulthood. Adaptive functioning was longitudinally examined; a majority of adult participants (18+ years) lost gross and fine motor skills over a 1 year follow-up. Previously defined core diagnostic criteria for CS (present in>85%)-namely non-verbal status, intellectual disability, epilepsy, postnatal microcephaly, ataxia, hyperkinesia-were universally present in age 6-16; however, an additional core feature of high pain tolerance was added (present in 91%). While neurologic examinations were consistent with cerebellar dysfunction, importantly, a majority of individuals (>50% older than 10) also had corticospinal tract abnormalities. Three participants died during the period of the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large and longitudinal study of CS, we begin to define the trajectory of symptoms and the adult phenotype thereby identifying critical targets for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1031-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cathy D Vocke, Christopher J Ricketts, Svetlana Pack, Mark Raffeld, Stephen Hewitt, Alexandra P Lebensohn, Lidenys O'Brien, Rabindra Gautam, Krista Reynolds, Laura S Schmidt, Kristin Choo, Alex Kenigsberg, Sandeep Gurram, Emily Y Chew, Naris Nilubol, Prashant Chittaboina, Maria J Merino, Mark W Ball, W Marston Linehan
{"title":"A novel pathogenic germline chromosome 3 inversion in von Hippel-Lindau disease.","authors":"Cathy D Vocke, Christopher J Ricketts, Svetlana Pack, Mark Raffeld, Stephen Hewitt, Alexandra P Lebensohn, Lidenys O'Brien, Rabindra Gautam, Krista Reynolds, Laura S Schmidt, Kristin Choo, Alex Kenigsberg, Sandeep Gurram, Emily Y Chew, Naris Nilubol, Prashant Chittaboina, Maria J Merino, Mark W Ball, W Marston Linehan","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110202","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is an autosomal-dominant hereditary tumour susceptibility disease associated with pathogenic germline variants in the <i>VHL</i> tumour suppressor gene. VHL patients are at increased risk of developing multiple benign and malignant tumours. Current CLIA-based genetic tests demonstrate a very high detection rate of germline <i>VHL</i> variants in patients with clinical manifestations of VHL. In this report, we describe a large family with canonical VHL manifestations, for which no germline alteration had been detected by conventional germline testing. We identified a novel 291 kb chromosomal inversion involving chromosome 3p in affected family members. This inversion disrupts the <i>VHL</i> gene between exon 2 and exon 3 and is thereby responsible for the disease observed in this family.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1026-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel variants and genotype-phenotype correlation in a multicentre cohort of GNE myopathy in China.","authors":"Kexin Jiao, Jialong Zhang, Qiuxiang Li, Xiaoqing Lv, Yanyan Yu, Bochen Zhu, Huahua Zhong, Xu'en Yu, Jia Song, Qing Ke, Fangyuan Qian, Xinghua Luan, Xiaojie Zhang, Xueli Chang, Liang Wang, Meirong Liu, Jihong Dong, Zhangyu Zou, Bitao Bu, Haishan Jiang, LingChun Liu, Yue Li, Dongyue Yue, Xuechun Chang, Yongsheng Zheng, Ningning Wang, Mingshi Gao, Xingyu Xia, Nachuan Cheng, Tao Wang, Su-Shan Luo, Jianying Xi, Jie Lin, Jiahong Lu, Chongbo Zhao, Huan Yang, Pengfei Lin, Daojun Hong, Zhe Zhao, Zhiqiang Wang, Wenhua Zhu","doi":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110149","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jmg-2024-110149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>GlcNAc2-epimerase (GNE) myopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the <i>GNE</i> gene, which is essential for the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This multi-centre study aimed to delineate the clinical phenotype and <i>GNE</i> variant spectrum in Chinese patients, enhancing our understanding of the genetic diversity and clinical manifestation across different populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed <i>GNE</i> variants from 113 patients, integrating these data with external <i>GNE</i> variants from online databases for a global perspective, examining their consequences, distribution, ethnicity and severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed 97 distinct <i>GNE</i> variants, including 35 (36.08%) novel variants. Two more patients with deep intronic variant c.862+870C>T were identified, while whole genome sequencing (WGS) uncovered another two novel intronic variants: c.52-8924G>T and c.1505-12G>A. Nanopore long reads sequencing (LRS) and further PCR analysis verified a 639 bp insertion at chr9:36249241. Missense variants predominantly located in the epimerase/kinase domain coding region, indicating the impairment of catalytic function as a key pathogenic consequence. Comparative studies with Japanese, Korean and Jewish, our cohorts showed later onset ages by 2 years. The high allele frequency of the non-catalytic <i>GNE</i> variant, c.620A>T, might underlie the milder phenotype of Chinese patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive techniques such as WGS and Nanopore LRS warrants the identifying of <i>GNE</i> variants. Patients with the non-catalytic <i>GNE</i> variant, c.620A>T, had a milder disease progression and later wheelchair use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":"1053-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}