Journal of Medical Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Legionella pneumonia complicated with severe acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy: a case series.","authors":"Sawandika Rupasinghe, Christopher Lemoh","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05407-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05407-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium found in natural water sources and artificial water systems. The most widely reported manifestation of Legionella infection is pneumonia, which is also known as Legionnaires' disease. Legionnaires' disease is typically spread through inhalation of aerosolized water droplets containing Legionella bacteria. This usually manifests with cough, fever, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Legionella infection is known to cause a variety of extrapulmonary complications, including acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac complications, liver involvement, and electrolyte imbalances. Acute kidney injury in Legionella disease is due to the cytotoxic effects of bacteria that directly invade renal tubular epithelial cells, the immune response triggered by bacteria that leads to systemic inflammation, thereby compromising renal perfusion and microthelial dysfunction, which reduces the blood flow of kidneys, causing hypoperfusion. Indirect causes for acute kidney injury include dehydration and nephrotoxic medication. Acute kidney injury in patients with Legionella pneumonia is oliguric but reversible with antibiotic treatment. Diagnosis of Legionella disease is through a combination of clinical assessment, laboratory tests, and imaging. Legionella urinary antigen testing and polymerase chain reaction confirms the diagnosis. Treatment of choice is antibiotics along with symptomatic management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report three cases of Legionnaires' disease from a tertiary care hospital in Australia that were complicated with severe acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. All three patients were middle aged immunocompetent males; two were Australian and one was Macedonian. Case 1 was associated with acute kidney injury, hyponatremia, rhabdomyolysis, delirium, and liver impairment. The patient in case 2 developed acute kidney injury, rapid atrial fibrillation, type 2 non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and liver function derangement. Case 3 was associated with acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, and subdural hemorrhage secondary to fall. All our patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics, supplemental oxygen therapy, and continuous renal replacement therapy, after which they achieved complete recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Legionella infection can lead to serious extrapulmonary complications, including acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac, and liver involvement. Timely diagnosis and prompt management are important in addressing both the infection and its extrapulmonary complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive management of acute respiratory distress in a 13-year-old female with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a case report.","authors":"Khayry Al-Shami, Ziad Haddad, Malath Mohammad Yousef Abuelrub, Basel Adnan Adel Qaddoumi, Falah Qudah, Hala Faour, Marah Khalil, Saja Karaja","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05404-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05404-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Duchenne muscular dystrophy represents an inherited X-linked disorder marked by the progressive degeneration and weakening of skeletal muscles, predominantly affecting male individuals.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case report delineates the hospitalization of a 13-year-old Jordanian female patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the pediatric intensive care unit following an episode of acute respiratory distress and hyporesponsiveness, characterized by a decline in pulmonary ventilation due to severe respiratory compromise, necessitating intensive care management. The clinical presentation included symptoms of fever, productive cough, abdominal pain, and feeding difficulties leading to concerns of aspiration. Notably, the patient exhibited elevated creatine phosphokinase levels, indicative of potential muscle injury, alongside a confirmed mutation in the dystrophin gene. Subsequently, a comprehensive respiratory therapy regimen was initiated, incorporating nebulization, chest physiotherapy, and oxygen supplementation, resulting in the stabilization of oxygen saturation levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report highlights a rare presentation of acute respiratory distress in a female patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an underreported occurrence in clinical literature. It underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach, integrating respiratory, neuromuscular, and nutritional management tailored to atypical presentations. By documenting sex-specific differences in disease progression and emphasizing individualized care strategies, this report contributes to the understanding of cases of female patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It advocates for interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing assessments to optimize long-term outcomes, reinforcing the importance of personalized interventions in neuromuscular disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome associated with GLUD1 gene mutation: a case series.","authors":"Miral M Abdulghfar, Afaf Alsagheir, Ismail A Abdullah, Raghad Alhuthil","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05355-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13256-025-05355-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion, leading to persistent hypoglycemia. One genetic subtype, hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome, results from activating mutations in the GLUD1 gene. This study aimed to describe the clinical spectrum, genetic variants, and outcomes of patients with GLUD1-related hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome treated at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series included five patients of Saudi ethnicity diagnosed with GLUD1-associated hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome between September and November 2023 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Clinical, biochemical, imaging, and genetic data were collected from medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five patients (four pediatric, one adult) presented with hypoglycemia, elevated insulin levels, and persistent hyperammonemia. Genetic testing confirmed GLUD1 mutations in all cases, with two patients sharing the c.1493C > T (p.Ser498Leu) variant. Diazoxide therapy effectively controlled hypoglycemia in most patients. Two patients experienced significant neurological complications, including seizures and developmental delay. One adult patient underwent pancreatectomy with improvement in hypoglycemia control but retained chronic neurological sequelae. Brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and secondary genetic variants were identified in two cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLUD1-related hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome presents with a wide clinical spectrum, often with early onset and risk of neurological impairment if not promptly treated. Early diagnosis and individualized management-including genetic testing and diazoxide therapy-are essential to prevent irreversible complications. Further multicenter studies are warranted to better understand long-term outcomes in affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis in a nasopharyngeal cancer patient after external beam radiotherapy: a case report and review of literature.","authors":"Alaa Jlailati, Ghazal Al Sbenaty, Osama Boali, Deema Younes, Bakr Alhayek, Baraah Mozi, Ahmad Al-Bitar, Moudar Bakkour","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05368-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13256-025-05368-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is considered rare worldwide. The treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma primarily relies on radiotherapy, as the tumor cells in NPC exhibit radiosensitivity. However, excessive dosage can result in a delayed reaction that affects the healthy surrounding tissues, including the central nervous system, causing brain radionecrosis, a rare yet severe condition, which can develop approximately 6-12 months after radiation as a significant complication. The majority of studies on brain radionecrosis have been conducted in China, where nasopharyngeal carcinoma is most prevalent. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of brain radionecrosis following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in our region, which was diagnosed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case report describes a 49-year-old Arab male who presented with memory loss, expressive aphasia, and delirium 5 months after undergoing radiotherapy with a total radiation dose of 66 Gray for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the presence of focal lesions in the left temporal lobe with accompanying brain edema indicative of radionecrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is imperative to consider the possibility of brain radionecrosis in patients who have previously received radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, particularly nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Early detection of brain radionecrosis is essential, and diagnostic imaging should be performed regularly during follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary objective of treatment is to alleviate symptoms through medical and/or surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical ozone application for severe acne with serological evidence of prior varicella-zoster infection after unsuccessful antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment: a case report.","authors":"Taras Pyatkovskyy, Olena Pokryshko, Artur Markowski, Tetiana Chernyshova, Serhii Danylkov","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05386-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05386-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acne fulminans is a rare and extreme form of inflammatory acne, which is characterized by the sudden onset of painful, ulcerative nodules and systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, arthralgia, leukocytosis, and potential scarring.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of a 16-year-old white European (Polish) female patient with acne vulgaris that progressively worsened despite treatment with oral isotretinoin, estrogens, topical antibiotics, and corticosteroids. She subsequently developed systemic complications, including fever, malaise, severe musculoskeletal pain, and tachycardia, and was hospitalized, where she received corticosteroids, antibiotics, and isotretinoin; however, the inflammatory and purulent processes persisted. Following discharge, her condition further deteriorated, presenting as severe swelling, pustules, and inflammatory lesions. Upon consulting a different clinic, all previous medications were discontinued, and a treatment regimen involving topical ozone was initiated. This included washing with ozonated water (2.4 ppm) and applying ozonated olive oil (peroxide index 2300) twice daily. The therapy resulted in a rapid reduction of inflammation and purulent lesions, with significant improvement observed within days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report suggests a potential benefit of combining ozonated water and ozonated oil as a novel therapeutic approach for refractory acne fulminans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophthalmitis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva with initial presentation as retinal vasculitis: a case report.","authors":"Xiaojie Lu, Bei Liu, Tiemei Yie, Weiwei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05358-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13256-025-05358-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abiotrophia defectiva is primarily known for its association with endocarditis rather than intraocular infections. We reported a case of endophthalmitis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva, presenting as retinal vasculitis in its early stages, a phenomenon rarely documented in literature.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 50-year-old Han Chinese man presented to the hospital with decreased vision in his left eye. Examination revealed mild vitritis, papilledema, retinal hemorrhages, and peripheral vascular sheathing in the left eye, raising suspicion of retinal vasculitis. In the following hours, his condition worsened dramatically, with the development of hypopyon and severe vitritis obscuring the visualization of the fundus, suggesting endophthalmitis. He subsequently underwent urgent anterior chamber irrigation, vitreous tap, and intravitreal injection. As the symptoms did not improve, a vitrectomy was performed. The culture results identified the presence of Abiotrophia defectiva. Following prompt and effective treatment, the patient's visual acuity showed improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report delineates a rare case of endophthalmitis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva initially presenting as retinal vasculitis. It emphasizes the need for prompt recognition and treatment of atypical pathogens in postoperative ocular infections to enhance visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 27-year-old female patient: a case report.","authors":"Malisaba Posite Charles, Mihret Adane Woldemichael, Muhindo Kavuyiro Alpha, Elias Amare Hailu, Samrawit Seyoum Halake, Elizabeth Vargas Escalante, Eluzai Ndiwelubula, Kambale Makatsi Jonas, Nkakyekorera Tindoho Sebastiano, Biruk Abera Tumdedo, Henry Wabinga","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05242-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13256-025-05242-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a salivary gland cancer that grows slowly and has an unfavorable prognosis. The occurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the parotid gland is extremely uncommon. It presents in three histopathological patterns: cribriform, tubular, and solid, and it is classified into three grades: grade i, grade ii, and grade III.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 27-year-old female patient from the Ankole tribe, Bantu ethnicity, who had a long-existing, painless lump in her submandibular area and later developed worsening weakness in her lower limbs and back pain. Despite being present for 8 years, the mass was initially attributed to conventional health issues. Diagnostic tests revealed a metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland with significant involvement of the spine, which resulted in paraplegia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the insidious nature of adenoid cystic carcinoma, stressing the necessity of early detection and the risks of delayed diagnosis influenced by cultural beliefs and restricted healthcare access. It also highlights the significance of following various steps in the diagnostic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed repair for complex genital trauma following sexual assault in a 3-year-old female with late presentation for care: a case report.","authors":"Raha Maroyi, Denis Mukwege, Lisa Doble, Robert Andrianne","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05288-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13256-025-05288-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genital trauma following child sexual abuse presents a complex and variable clinical picture of pelvic perineal injury, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the structures involved in effective management. Ideally, these cases are considered urgent, and primary repair should be performed as an emergency. Unfortunately, the window of opportunity for urgent action may be missed as the patient may not present for care until much later.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 3-year-old African (Congolese) girl who presented to the Panzi Hospital's sexual violence ward in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 3 days after being sexually abused by an adult family friend. Clinical examination revealed a complex perineal tear with a split in the posterior vaginal wall extending to the posterior vaginal cul-de-sac and a fourth-degree rectal prolapse. A cleft was also noted in the external orifice of the urethral meatus. All the lesions were infected and covered with fibrin, with no signs of peritonitis. Initial management included admission for locoregional treatment with antiseptic solution and sitz baths. A total of 2 weeks later, surgical intervention was performed, which resulted in improved short- and long-term outcomes in terms of the vulvar cosmetic, functional, and psychological aspects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of delayed access to medical care for several days for complex genital trauma following child sexual abuse, treatment of the infection and delayed closure lead to better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interdisciplinary approach for the management of periapical lesion using regenerative approach: a case report.","authors":"Priyanka Jaiswal, Sakshi Vishal Kotecha, Shweta Bhagat, Shweta Sedani, Akash Thakare","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05380-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13256-025-05380-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periapical lesions are common sequelae of endodontic infections, often presenting as chronic apical periodontitis. These lesions result from the microbial invasion of the root canal system, leading to inflammation and subsequent bone resorption. While conventional root canal therapy is the primary treatment modality, it occasionally fails to resolve periapical pathology. In such cases, surgical intervention becomes necessary.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report presents the case of a 32-year-old female of Indian ethnicity with chief complaints of pain and pus discharge in the upper right front area in the past 2 months. Radiographic findings were evident, depicting periapical radiolucency. Upon debriding the lesion, it was observed to be creamish with irregular shape and size and, hence, it was sent for histopathological analysis. It was inferred to be a dental cyst associated with the right upper front region of the jaw.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report pinpoints the importance of considering the diagnosis of periapical lesions. It also adds to the point of treatment plan that can be followed as a multidisciplinary approach to challenging periapical lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical giant Nabothian cysts in a woman with primary infertility: a case report.","authors":"Sedigheh Hosseini, Parisa Taherzadeh Boroujeni, Nazanin Hajizadeh, Mahsa Kazemi, Leila Majdi, Hamidreza Mosleh","doi":"10.1186/s13256-025-05393-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13256-025-05393-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nabothian cysts are benign cervical lesions commonly observed in women of reproductive age, typically ranging from 2 to 10 mm in diameter and often asymptomatic. These cysts arise from the obstruction of cervical mucous glands, a phenomenon frequently linked to childbirth, minor trauma, or chronic cervicitis. While small Nabothian cysts are usually incidental findings, giant Nabothian cysts-those exceeding 4 cm-are rare and can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Their size and appearance may mimic malignant entities such as adenoma malignum, necessitating advanced imaging and histopathological evaluation. Although their association with infertility remains controversial, some evidence suggests that large cysts might interfere with fertility by obstructing the cervical canal or altering mucus production, which is critical for sperm transport. This report examines a rare case of giant Nabothian cysts in the context of assisted reproductive technology, highlighting their management and potential implications for infertility treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 41-year-old Iranian woman with a 2-year history of primary infertility presented to our clinic. She reported regular menstrual cycles and no symptoms such as pelvic pain or abnormal discharge. During her infertility evaluation, transvaginal ultrasonography identified multiple large cervical cysts (20-45 mm) obstructing the cervical os. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy confirmed these as benign Nabothian cysts. Her partner's semen analysis revealed severe teratozoospermia, prompting the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. During oocyte retrieval, the cysts were aspirated to prevent potential complications during embryo transfer. Two high-quality embryos were transferred, but the cycle did not result in pregnancy. Cytological analysis of the aspirated fluid reaffirmed the benign nature of the cysts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates that giant Nabothian cysts can be safely aspirated during an assisted reproductive technology cycle, potentially improving procedural outcomes. However, the lack of pregnancy suggests that, while cyst management may address mechanical barriers, it does not guarantee success in multifactorial infertility cases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of Nabothian cysts in infertility and refine their management in assisted reproductive technology settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Case Reports","volume":"19 1","pages":"332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}